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双语推荐：粒径

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泥沙粒径是泥沙运动力学研究中的一个重要物理量,不同的代表粒径对泥沙输移运动的计算结果会产生不同的影响。文章对比了中值粒径和平均粒径的不同,分析了泥沙粒径和均匀性对冲刷深度的影响,结合铁路工程中常用的桥墩局部冲刷计算公式,对比分析了不同代表粒径条件下的冲刷深度计算结果。提出了代表粒径的选用应结合公式制定时所依据基础资料,同时也要考虑泥沙均匀性的影响,提高计算结果的可靠性和精度。
The sediment grain size is an important physical parameter in studying the mechanics of sediment transport;different typical grain sizes will produce different effects to the calculation results of sediment transport. The paper com-pares the differences of medium and mean grain sizes, analyzes the effects of sediment grain size and uniformity on scour-ing depth. The calculation results of scouring depths of different typical grain sizes are analyzed based on the local bridge pier scour calculation formula commonly used in railway projects. To improve the reliability and accuracy of calculation results, both the selection of sediment grain size and the sediment uniformity influence are required to be considered.

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根据滴灌实际运行情况，采用分段粒径浑水持续灌溉的试验方法，分析了泥沙颗粒粒径及进口压力对迷宫式流道滴头的流量、均匀度及堵塞的影响。结果表明：在粒径小于0．125 mm 的泥沙颗粒中，较小颗粒的制紊效应要大于较大颗粒的制紊效应，泥沙颗粒粒径及进口压力均是影响灌溉均匀度的因素；含沙量较低时（0．5 g/L），粒径是影响滴头堵塞的主要因素，在0．0308～0．125 mm 粒径范围内，粒径较小时更容易引起堵塞，进口压力不同时容易引起堵塞的敏感粒径范围不同，压力为0．15及0．105 MPa 时，敏感粒径为0．045～0．075 mm ，进口压力降至0．075 MPa后，敏感粒径为0．0308～0．045 mm ；连续灌溉条件下压力不是影响滴头堵塞的主要因素。
According to the actual situation of drip irrigation ,the influences of sediment size distribution and inlet pressure on irriga-tion uniformity ,flow and clogging of labyrinth-path emitters were investigated through the method of muddy water continued irriga-tion .The result showed that turbulence effects caused by smaller particles was more distinguished than bigger ones ;both sediment size distribution and inlet pressure were the factors that affected irrigation uniformity when the particle sized in muddy water were less than 0 .125 mm ;sediment particle size was the main factor of emitter clogging with low sediment concentrations ;emitter clog-ging would be caused more easily by smaller particles ;different inlet pressures correspond to different sensitive size that caused emit -ter clogging easily ;size sensitive is from 0 .045 to 0 .075 mm at the pressure 0 .150 and 0 .105 MPa ,while from 0 .030 8 to 0 .045 mm at the pressure 0 .075 ;inlet pressure was not the main facto

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在理论分析煤样粒径对瓦斯放散初速度影响的基础上,实验测定了贵州三对矿井不同粒径下瓦斯放散初速度。对比实验结果表明瓦斯放散初速度受煤样粒径大小影响较大,粒径越小瓦斯放散初速度越大。通过回归分析发现粒径对瓦斯放散初速度指标的影响呈指数函数关系,且有较高的拟合度。
On the basis of theoretical analysis of the impact that coal particle size on initial velocity of gas emission,experiments were done to determine the initial velocity of gas emission in Gui zhou three coal mines. The results showed that the initial velocity of gas emission was influenced a lot from the coal particle size, the initial velocity of gas emission was higher when the coal particle size was smaller. Through the analysis found that the particle size effect oninitial speed of methane diffusion index of exponential function change, and has a higher fitting degree.

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利用TG-DTG热分析技术研究粒径对煤粉燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:随着煤粉粒径的减小,煤粉着火温度和燃尽温度降低,最大燃烧速率和平均燃烧速率增加,可燃指数和综合燃烧特性指数提高,粒径减小可以有效改善煤粉的燃烧性能;对比粒径对不同煤质燃烧性能的影响发现,减小粒径对无烟煤燃烧性能的改善更具积极意义。利用Coats-Redfern积分法分析了粒径对煤粉燃烧过程的动力学参数的影响,计算结果表明:随着煤粉粒径的减小,煤粉燃烧反应的表观活化能降低,指前因子增加。
The thermo gravimetric analysis was used to investigate the influence of particle size on the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal .The results show that with the decrease of particle size of pulverized coal , both ignition and burnout temperature were lower , the maximum burning rate and av-erage burning rate increased , combustible index and combustion characteristics index improved .Com-bustion performance of pulverized coal was improved by reducing coal particle size .Contrast the influ-ences of particle size on combustion performances of different coal properties .It can be found that the decrease of particle size was more meaningful for the improvement of combustion performance of anthra -cite.The Coast-Redfern method was used for analyzing kinetic parameters of coal combustion with different sizes.The results indicated that with coal particle size reduction , apparent activation energy of coal combustion decreased , and the pre-exponential factor increased .

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研究了一次粒径和二次粒径对磷酸亚铁锂性能的影响。分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度仪等分析了材料的一次粒径和二次粒径。将材料装配成扣式电池进行一系列的电化学特性测试，分析磷酸亚铁锂材料的充放电循环性能、氧化还原电位、阻抗等性能。研究发现一次粒径主要影响磷酸亚铁锂材料的放电容量、放电电位和阻抗，对材料的振实密度影响视其团聚程度而定；二次粒径对磷酸亚铁锂材料的振实密度影响很大。
The influences of primary particle size and secondary size on the performance of lithium iron phosphate were studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and laser particle size analyzer were employed to characterize the primary particle size and secondary size of lithium iron phosphate samples. The lithium iron phosphate samples were assembled to form the button batteries for the test of the electrochemical features of the samples, such as charge-discharge cycle performance, oxidation-reduction potentials and impedance. At last, it was concluded as following:primary particle size is significant for discharge capacity, discharge potential and impedance except for tap density;the tap density dependents on secondary particle size essentially. And for a high volumetric energy density lithium iron phosphate, what requirements must be met was proposed.

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以桉树皮为材料,通过对3种粒径桉树皮基质理化性质分析和苗木调查,研究不同粒径对基质理化性能和育苗效果的影响。试验结果表明:在育苗过程中,粒径2 mm的桉树皮基质理化性质相对更稳定,苗木生长量最大,育苗效果最好;粒径2~5 mm和5~10 mm的桉树皮基质理化性质变化较明显,而粒径5~10 mm的基质孔隙性变化最大,化学性质不够稳定,粒径对育苗基质和育苗效果影响较大。
In order to investigate the influence of different particle sizes ofEucalyptus bark on physical and chemical properties of growing media and the effect ongrowth of Eucalyptusseedlings, this study was conducted involving Eucalyptusbark of three particle sizes. The results showed: the physical and chemical properties of Eucalyptusbark matrix of particle size <2 mmprovided media with the best physical and chemical properties and also provided for the best seedling growth. For media constituted with bark of particle sizes 2 ~ 5 mm or 5 ~ 10 mm, variationsin physical and chemical properties were more apparent, porosity changeswere larger, and the chemical properties werenot adequately stable. The particle size had a great influence on the mediaproperties and the growth of Eucalyptusseedlings.

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以移动床为高炉渣余热裂解生物质实验平台,研究高炉渣温度、粒径和生物质粒径等对生物质热解产物分布的影响。结果表明,生物油产率随着高炉渣温度的增加先增加后减小,当高炉渣热载体温度为650℃时,生物油产率最高;高炉渣粒径和生物质粒径越小,生物油的产率越大。炉渣温度650℃、粒径0~2mm,生物质粒径小于75μm,生物质油产率达到57.3%。生物油中含氧量和含水率较高,热值低,pH值为3.7。
Bio-oil production by pyrolysis of biomass using waste heat from hot BF slag were conducted in moving bed reactor .The influences of BF slag temperature and particle size of biomass and BF slag particles on pyrolysis characteristics of biomass were discussed . The results show that in order to achieve a high bio-oil yield ,moderate temperature ,smaller BF slag particles and biomass particles are required .At temperature of 650 ℃ ,BF slag with particle sizes below 2 mm and biomass particle sizes below 0 .075 mm were used as test samples ,the maximum bio-oil yield reached 57 .3% .The oxygen and water content in the bio-oil were high ,while the calorific value was low and its pH value was 3 .7 .

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影响自密实混凝土离析的因素很多,其中骨料粒径大小是主要因素之一。文章在运用斯托克斯理论分析骨料离析的基础上,采用落球测浆体黏性系数的方法研究不同骨料颗粒粒径在同稠度浆体下的离析程度,以及混凝土拌和物达到同流动性时骨料粒径与浆体黏性的关系。结果表明,随着骨料颗粒粒径的增大,骨料离析程度呈迅速加大趋势;在满足相同流动性的条件下,随着骨料粒径的增大,为减小骨料离析,浆体的黏度应相应增大;当骨料粒径增大到一定程度后,浆体黏度的增长明显加快,为保证相同的流动性,浆体用量也需明显增加;浆体黏度随骨料粒径增大的增长过程线存在一个突变段,从骨料离析的角度分析,确定在该突变段前为骨料的合理粒径范围。
Segregation of self-compaction concrete involves couples of factors.The aggregate size is one of the major factors impacting the segregation.Based on the analysis on the aggregate segregation by application of Stokes theory, in the paper, the segregation of aggregate at different sizes under the same viscosity of the grout is studied by applying the falling ball to measure the viscosity coefficient of the grout.Meanwhile, relation between the aggregate size and the grout viscosity is analyzed while the concrete mixture reaches the same flu-idity.The study represents that the aggregate segregation rapidly increases with the aggregate size increment.In condition of satisfying the same fluidity, the viscosity of the grout shall be increased, with the aggregate size increment, to reduce the aggregate segregation.When the aggregate size increases at certain degree, the grout viscosity obviously grows fast.To assure the same fluidity, the grout consumption shall be increased inevit

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渗透性是砂土的重要工程性质之一,影响砂土渗透性的因素有很多,比如土体密实程度、土颗粒自身特性、流体性质等,其中孔隙率与颗粒粒径是两个重要影响因素。而以往基于混合粒径的天然砂土的研究很难分别对这两个因素进行独立的研究。基于此,首先开展了单一粒径级砂土的常水头渗透试验,分别研究了同一粒径级砂土渗透系数随孔隙率的变化和同一孔隙率下不同粒径级砂土渗透系数随均值粒径的变化规律。试验结果显示,渗透系数随着孔隙率的增加而线性增加、随均值粒径二次方的增加而线性增加,其中均值粒径的影响较大,其变化能导致渗透系数量级上的差异。在此基础上,开展了多粒径混合砂土的渗透试验,讨论了曲率系数、不均匀系数等级配参数对渗透性的影响,从而将单一粒径级的研究成果推广到天然砂土,最终拟合出渗透系数与相关影响因素的经验公式,以便工程实践参考使用。
Permeability is an important property of sand soil. Factors that influence the permeability of sand include density, particle characteristics and properties of the fluid, among which the porosity and particle size are two important ones. However, previous investigations based on natural sand with mixed particles are not able to study the two factors independently. Therefore, constant head permeability tests are firstly carried out on sand soil with single particle size fractions to study the influence of grain size and porosity on the permeability, respectively. For sand soil with the same grain size fraction, the coefficient of permeability is found to increase linearly with the increase in porosity;for sand soil with the same porosity, the coefficient of permeability is found to increase linearly with the increase in porosity the square of average particle size. Based on this, the influence of gradation characteristics on the permeability of multi-particle-size sand soil is studied t

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研究了搅拌速度、搅拌时间以及温度等外部因素对稠油乳状液稳定性的影响。实验表明:随着搅拌时间增加,乳状液分散相平均粒径减小,粒径分布更加均匀,所得乳状液更加稳定;在搅拌作用初期,随着搅拌速度增加,乳状液分散相平均粒径变小,乳状液稳定性增强,但当搅拌速度达到某一值时,乳状液分散相平均粒径不再继续减小反而增加,乳状液稳定性降低;温度越高,乳状液分散相平均粒径越大,乳状液稳定性越差。
The influence of the mixing speed, mixing time, temperature and other external factors on heavy oil emulsion stability was studies. Experiment results show that, with increasing of the stirring time, the average particle diameter of the dispersed phase emulsion reduces, and particle size distribution is more uniform, the emulsion is more stable; In the beginning of stirring, with increasing of the stirring speed, the micro-emulsion particle size becomes smaller, emulsion stability increases;but after the stirring speed reaches a certain value, the micro-emulsion particle size doesn’t decrease but increases; with increasing of the temperature, the average particle size of the crude oil emulsion increases ,the stability of the crude oil emulsion reduces.

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