结构方程模型是心理统计学中用来探讨多变量之间关系的一种重要统计方法。结构方程模型的优势表现为：能够判断模型拟合程度的测量、预先假定变量间因果关系、包含潜在变量、处理测量误差、进行模型整体评价、探讨系统内多个变量间关系、模型构建等。为了符合心理学研究抽样调查较多的实际情况,并且在小样本情况下能得到更稳健的结果,结构方程模型的贝叶斯方法使用先验信息,能得到更准确的参数估计、潜在变量估计以及用于模型比较的统计量。在心理学研究的应用过程中应注意结构方程模型的前提假设、自由度和拟合指数等问题。

Structural equation model was used to investigate the psychological relationship between significant multivariate statistical methods .The advantages of structural equation model are as follows:determining the extent of the measurement model fit , presupposing a causal relationship between variables , including the latent variables , handling measurement error , overall evaluating the model , exploring the relationships between multiple variables within the system , constructing model , and so on .To meet the practical situation of the psychological research sam-pling , and to achieve more robust results in small samples , Bayesian methods of structural equation modeling uses a priori information to get a more accurate parameter estimates , latent variable estimates and statistics for the model comparison .In the application process of psychological research , attention should be paid to such aspects as the premise of structural equation modeling assumptions , freedom and fit indices .

钢筋混凝土有限元模型可用于分析工程结构问题。以渡槽钢筋混凝土模型为例,采用ANSYS中耦合和约束方程法,其中耦合法用于考虑温度场和应力场耦合共同作用产生的应力应变,约束方程法用于将钢筋节点和混凝土节点用约束方程联系起来。对纯混凝土结构以及钢筋混凝土结构的计算结果对比表明:钢筋混凝土有限元模型可以模拟实际钢筋混凝土模型,能为工程安全监测提供可靠的理论依据。

The paper established reinforced concrete finite element model so as to analyze engineering structural problems .Taking aqueduct reinforced concrete model as an example ,it used ANSYS coupling and constraint equations method in process of setting up model .The method considered stress -strain pro-duced by method for temperature and stress fields coupling .The constraint equation method is used to link steel and concrete nodes with constraint equation .The result comparison of pure concrete structure and re-inforced concrete structures contrast showed that the reinforced concrete finite element model can simulate the actual reinforced concrete model and can provide a reliable theoretical basis for engineering safety mo -nitoring.

目的：通过对肺源性心脏病患者中医四诊信息的收集调查，对肺源性心脏病进行证候分类研究。方法：采用结构方程模型方法对肺源性心脏病进行证候分类。结果：结构方程模型拟合参数（GFI）为0.932，拟合度高，具有统计学意义。结论：咳嗽、胸闷、咯痰、倚息、夜间多尿、形寒怕冷、气短为结构方程的基础信息，符合肺心病的临床表现和病理特征。

Objective: To study syndromes classification of pulmonary heart disease (PHD) by collecting and investigating the information of four diagnostic methods of the patients with PHD. Methods: The syndromes of PHD were classified with the model approach of structural equations. Results: Structural equation model fitting parameter (GFI) was 0.932, and the fitting degree was high with statistical meaning. Conclusion: Cough, chest depression, ex-pectoration, propped breathing, diuresis at night, physical cold and fear of cold, shortness of breath are basic infor-mation of structural equations, they are in accordance with clinical manifestations and pathological features of PHD.

通过治理结构变革来推动技术创新,是增进企业活力、改善绩效的重要途径。以公司治理结构对企业技术创新的影响为研究主题,运用结构方程模型,通过从股权结构、董事会结构、管理层激励以及资本结构等方面进行实证研究,得出结论:国有持股比例越高越不利于企业技术创新活动的进行;独立董事以及董事会规模对企业技术创新投资的影响不显著;股权集中度越高,技术创新的投资越高;管理层激励与技术创新的投资有明显的正相关关系;企业负债率与技术创新则有明显的负相关关系。相比回归分析的统计方法,结构方程模型可以同时处理多个因变量,同时容许自变量和因变量含测量误差,还可以估计整个模型的拟合程度,因而对结构方程模型的运用增加了研究结果的精准性和说服力。

It is an important way to increase enterprise vitality and improve the performance by changing the corporate governance structure to promote technical innovation. This paper focuses on the influence of corporate governance on the technical innovation. U-sing the structural equation model, it conducts the empirical study, from the ownership structure, board structure, management incen-tives and capital structure aspects. The conclusions are as follows:higher proportion of state-owned share is more detrimental to the en-terprise technical innovation;the impact of independent director and the board size on enterprise technical innovation investment is not significant;The higher the degree of ownership concentration, the higher the investment of technical innovation; There was a positive correlation between the management incentives and technical innovation; Enterprise debt rate and technical innovation have a signifi-cantly negative correlation. Compared with the statistical method of the

将建筑物沉降拟合为二次曲面方程,结合实测沉降来确定曲面方程待定系数,将沉降曲面方程计算得到的各点沉降值施加于结构底部节点上作为强制位移,反求上部结构的附加内力和附加变形。在对结构进行分析时,提出了修改后的二元件模型,以此为基础建立了剪力墙结构简化模型。计算分析表明不均匀沉降对上部结构内力有显著影响,沉降值的增加引起剪力墙中附加剪力增加较小,而弯矩则增加较大,且在增加不多沉降值量时弯矩会有较大变化。

The uneven settlement of structure is fitted for a quadric surface equation,and the measured settlement is tak-en to determine the coefficient of the equation,then the sedimentation value calculated by the settlement curve equation is applied to the structure bottom nodes as forced displacement to solve the additional internal force and additional distortion of upper structure.In the analysis of structure,a simplified model of shear wall structure is established on the basis of modified two-spring element model.The analysis shows that the uneven settlement has a significant effect on the internal force of upper structure.The increase of settlement leads to smaller raise on additional shear force and greater raise on additional bending moments,and a small increase in settlement will cause the additional bending moments to increase a lot.