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双语推荐：胞质DNA受体

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机体对入侵抗原的识别是启动固有免疫的关键步骤.当哺乳动物细胞受到微生物病原体感染后,细胞即通过表达多种胞质DNA受体来识别感染信号并激活多种信号转导通路.有效的免疫反应通常需要通过各亚细胞结构中的多种受体对抗原依次检测.近年来,国内外学者接连发现了STING、cGAS、DDX41、IFI16、LRRFIP1、DNA-PK、MRE11、DAI和AIM2等众多胞质DNA受体,并对其诱导干扰素产生的过程进行了研究.这将对更全面的认识固有免疫应答产生重要意义.
Recognizing the presence of invading pathogens is the key to mounting an effective innate immune response.Mammalian cells express different classes of cytosolic DNA-associated receptor that monitors the host cells for signs of infection and activate several conserved signaling pathways.DNA is immunogenic and many cells express cytosolic DNA-associated receptors that activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) adaptor to trigger interferon type Ⅰ (IFN-β) release,a potent immune activator.An efficient immune response often requires the sequential detection of a pathogen buy different receptors in different subcellular compartments.Many receptors were found in recent years,which include STING,cGAS,DDX41,IFI16,LRRFIP1,DNA-PK,MRE11,DAI,AIM2 and so on.It will shed further light on innate immune response.

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目的 通过观察顺铂在不同剂量下诱导小鼠急性肾损伤的特点,进一步了解线粒体功能障碍参与急性肾损伤的机制.方法 雄性C57BL/6J小鼠18只,随机分为正常对照组(n=6)及顺铂处理组(n=12),其中顺铂处理组按顺铂给予剂量不同又分为10 mg/kg组(n=6)和20 mg/kg组(n=6).采用顺铂单次腹腔注射建立急性肾损伤模型,72 h后处死小鼠.测定肾功能相关生化指标、肾组织病理改变、肾损伤标志物的变化以及肾脏线粒体功能及结构变化指标.结果 (1)顺铂注射72 h后,顺铂处理组与对照组相比出现明显急性肾损伤表现,其中20 mg/kg组肾损伤程度更为严重,表现为随着顺铂剂量加大,肾生化指标血肌酐、尿蛋白等水平逐渐升高.(2)顺铂处理组肾小管结构破坏,蛋白管型形成,同时肾损伤标志物肾损伤分子1(KIM-1)mRNA升高(P＜0.05).(3)顺铂处理组肾小管线粒体结构破坏明显,同时线粒体DNA拷贝数下降(P＜0.05),线粒体相关蛋白过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体γ辅助活化因子1α(PGC-1α)及ATP合酶表达降低(P＜0.01),细胞色素C从线粒体向胞质释放;且不同浓度顺铂组间各项指标差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 顺铂能够呈剂量依赖性的诱导急性肾损伤发生,线粒体功能障碍参与了肾损伤发生,并与肾损伤的病理改变密切相关.
Objective To assess the characteristics of different doses of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury,further to understand mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were first randomly divided into two groups:control group (n =6) and AKI group (n =12).Then,AKI group was subsequently divided into other two groups according to different dose of cisplatin (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg).AKI group received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin.All mice were sacrificed after 72 h of injection.Renal biochemical function,renal pathological changes,renal injury markers,kidney mitochondrial function and structural changes were observed.Results (1) After 72 hours of injection,the AKI group performed significant kidney injury changes compared to control group,thereinto 20 mg/kg group was more serious than 10 mg/kg group.With the cisplatin dose increasing,renal function markers such as serum creatinine,urine protein gradually increased.(2)Kidney biopsy s

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目的利用微卫星DNA技术对通过体细胞克隆技术获得的两只西农莎能奶山羊进行鉴定。方法提取两只克隆西农莎能奶山羊、两只受体西农莎能奶山羊母羊、西农莎能奶山羊供体细胞和两只对照组西农莎能奶山羊母羊的基因组DNA,通过5对具有显著多态性差异的引物扩增微卫星DNA序列,并对其进行微卫星DNA分析。结果两只克隆西农莎能奶山羊和供体细胞的基因型完全一致,受体母羊和对照组母羊的微卫星DNA多态性则与前两者均不相同。结论两只克隆西农莎能奶山羊基因组DNA来源于供体细胞。
Objective To identify two Xinong Saanen dairy goats whom were obtained through so-matic cell cloning technology with microsatellite DNA technology. Methods Extracting genomic DNA of two cloned Xinong Saanen dairy goats,two recipient Xinong Saanen dairy goats,donor Xi-nong Saanen dairy goat and two control group Xinong Saanen goats,then microsatellite DNA analy-sis was performed with microsatellite DNA sequences which were amplified from five pairs signifi-cant different polymorphic primer. Results Genotype of two Xinong Saanen dairy goats are the same as the donor cells,but the microsatellite DNA polymorphism of recipient goat and control group goat are different from the above mentioned. Conclusion Genomic DNA of two Xinong Saa-nen dairy goats come from the donor cells.

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外周血游离DNA检测非小细胞肺癌人群表皮生长因子受体基因突变法因受到标本质量、采集运输分离条件、DNA提取方法、基因突变检测方法的多种限制,检测敏感性低,假阴性比例较高,但特异性较好.因此,外周血游离DNA的基因突变检测需针对特殊人群,优化采集运输分离步骤,并尝试使用较好的DNA提取(如改良酚-氯仿法、QIAmp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit)及基因检测方法(如蝎形探针扩增阻滞突变系统、高效液相色谱法、高分辨溶解曲线分析技术、突变-富集PCR等).本文就外周血游离DNA表皮生长因子受体基因突变检测的现状及发展方向进行综述.
It is limited by the quality of specimens,the condition of collecting,transporting and separating,the DNA extraction methods and the various gene mutation detection methods to use the peripheral blood cell-free DNA to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation from patients with non-small cell lung cancer.In total,the detection sensitivity is low,the proportion of falsenegative is higher,but the specificity is high.Therefore,the gene mutation is detected by peripheral blood cell-free DNA for special population,optimizing the process of collecting,transporting,and separating,trying to use the better DNA extraction methods (such as modified phenol-chloroform,QIAmp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit) and genetic testing methods (such as scorpion probe amplification refractory mutation system,high performance liquid chromatography,high-resolution dissolution curve analysis and mutationenriched PCR).Now,this article reviews the status quo and future direction of detecting EGFR g

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非受体酪氨酸激酶c-Abl在正常生理及病理条件下具有多种生物学功能。当电离辐射、顺铂、丝裂霉素C等DNA损伤诱导剂诱导DNA损伤反应后,c-Abl可参与DNA损伤反应后的细胞周期调控、基因重组修复及细胞凋亡调控等,进而决定细胞在DNA损伤反应条件下的状态。简要介绍了c-Abl在DNA损伤反应中的作用及其进展。
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl has been implicated diverse roles in normal physiological and pathological condition. When DNA was damaged by ionizing radiation, cisplatin, mytomycin C, c-Abl can regulate cell cycle, gene recombination repair and cell apoptosis, which would decide cell condition in DNA damage re-sponse. The progress of roles of c-Abl was introduced in this review.

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目的 探讨尼古丁受体在尼古丁刺激大鼠气道平滑肌细胞(RASMCs)增殖中的作用.方法 分别设计相应的RNA引物,应用RT-PCR实验,观察RASMCs上存在的尼古丁受体(nAchRs)亚单位情况;应用细胞计数法检测尼古丁受体非特异性拮抗剂MCA和α7尼古丁受体特异性拮抗剂MG624对尼古丁作用的RASMCs增殖作用的影响;EDU掺入法测定应用尼古丁受体拮抗剂MCA和MG624对尼古丁作用的RASMCs DNA复制活性的影响.结果 RT-PCR实验证实大鼠气道平滑肌细胞上存在nAchRs亚单位,分别是α1、4、7、9、10,β1、2、4.细胞计数法检测发现尼古丁受体拮抗剂MCA、MG624均可以抑制尼古丁的促增殖作用,细胞数量明显下降,与尼古丁单独作用组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);EDU检测显示尼古丁受体拮抗剂MCA和MG624均可以抑制尼古丁的作用,使DNA复制活性降低,细胞复制水平下降,与尼古丁单独作用组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 尼古丁能够通过尼古丁受体介导促进大鼠气道平滑肌细胞的增殖.
Objective To study the effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) antagonists on the nicotineinduced proliferation of rat airway smooth muscle cells (RASMCs).Methods Subunit-specific primers for nAchRs were designed for the amplification of unique regions of each subunit.Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) was performed to examine the nAchR present in RASMCs.Cell numbers were counted with a Zeiss Coulter Counter to detect the effects of nAchRs antagonist MCA and MG624 on the nicotine-induced proliferation of RASMCs.EDU incorporation assay was carried out to detect the effects of nAchRs antagonists MCA and MG624 on the cells replication.Results We found that eight different nAchR subunits were expressed in RASMCs,that is α1,α4,α7,α9,α10,β1,β2 and β4.The nicotine-induced proliferation of the RASMCs was significantly inhibited by the nAchR antagonists MCA and MG624; the cell number decreased significantly compared to 10 μmol/L nicotine gro

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目的利用pmirGLO Dual-Luciferase miRNA Target Expression Vector(简称为pmirGLO报告基因载体)构建并鉴定含miR-497野生及突变结合位点的胰岛素受体mRNA 3′UTR区报告基因载体(pmir-Insr-3′UTR及pmirmutant-Insr-3′UTR)。方法以大鼠肝脏cDNA为模板,PCR获取目的片段(即含miR-497野生及突变结合位点的胰岛素受体mRNA 3′UTR区);用PmeI、XbaI双酶切pmirGLO报告基因载体和含miR-497野生及突变结合位点的胰岛素受体mRNA 3′UTR区,用T4 DNA连接酶连接纯化后的酶切产物;连接产物转化DH5α大肠杆菌感受态细胞并挑选阳性克隆,并通过PCR、双酶切、DNA测序鉴定构建的重组质粒。结果 PCR和双酶切证实pmir-Insr-3′UTR及pmir-mutant-Insr-3′UTR重组载体中均插入目的片段;DNA测序结果进一步证实pmir-Insr-3UTR重组载体中成功插入了胰岛素受体mRNA 3′UTR区,pmir-mutant-Insr-3′UTR重组载体中成功插入了在miR-497结合位点含有3个突变碱基的胰岛素受体mRNA 3′UTR片段。结论成功构建了含miR-497野生及突变结合位点的胰岛素受体mRNA 3′UTR报告基因载体pmir-Insr-3′UTR及pmir-mutant-Insr-3′UTR。
Objective To construct and identify the reporter gene vectors of the 3′UTR region of insulin re-ceptor mRNA containing the wild or mutant miR-497 binding site (pmir-Insr-3′UTR and pmir-mutant-Insr-3′UTR) using pmirGLO dual-Luciferase miRNA target expression vector (pmirGLO report gene vector).Methods The target fragments,which were the 3′UTR region of rat insulin receptor mRNA,including wild or mutant miR-497 binding site,were obtained by PCR using rat liver cDNA as template.The target fragments and pmirGLO report gene vector were cut by PmeI and XbaI restriction endonucleases and then the purified enzyme-digested products were ligated together with a T4 DNA ligase.Subsequently,the ligation productions were used to transform DH5αcompetent cells,and the positive clones were picked up from the agarose plate with ampicillin.Finally,the recombi-nant plasmids were identified through PCR,double-restrict-enzyme digestion of PmeI and XbaI and DNA sequence. Results PCR and double

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化学家设计合成了一系列能通过插入方式与DNA结合的金属配合物,应用于研究有关以DNA为中介的电子传递,发现碱基对不仅是电子传递的媒介,而且自身能作为电子受体,形成长程氧化损坏.本文总结了近年来该领域的研究进展,同时也介绍了金属配合物对错配碱基识别的研究成果.
Scientists designed a family of metal complexes, which bind to DNA by intercalative stacking with the helix, to probe DNA mediated electron transfer. The facts show that the base-pair stack itself might serve not only as a conduit for electron transfer in DNA, but also in reactions initiated from a remote position. In the paper the recent advances of DNA-mediated electron transfer are summarized. In addition, recent progress in the recognition of base mismatches by metal complexes is reviewed.

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CpG DNA是含有非甲基化CpG基序的寡脱氧核苷酸,通过Toll样受体9(TLR9)激活树突状细胞(DC)和B细胞产生免疫应答.CpG DNA可以促进专职抗原呈递细胞有效地呈递抗原,从而增强疫苗的特异性免疫应答.目前使用CpG DNA佐剂的疫苗免疫后能维持长期免疫,具有明显的全身和黏膜免疫效果.临床前和临床试验表明,CpGDNA佐剂安全有效,能够提高传染病和肿瘤疫苗的效能,增强疫苗的免疫原性.
CpG DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs directly activates human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells to induce immune response via TLR9.CpG DNA can improve function of professional antigen-presenting cells and boost vaccine-specific immune responses.Immunization with vaccine and CpG DNA maintains persistent immunity,and has systemic and mucosal immune effects significantly.Preclinical and clinical trials demonstrate that CpG DNAs are safe and effective as vaccine adjuvants and can boost the efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccines targeting infectious diseases and cancer.

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通过对紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)公共数据库表达序列的整合分析,共获得29条核受体序列。通过DNA结合结构域(DBD)和配体结合结构域(LBD)的多序列比对,并采用贝叶斯推断法进行系统进化分析,推测其中19个核受体属于NR1亚家族,5个属于NR2亚家族,2个属于NR3亚家族,1个属于NR5亚家族。结果表明紫贻贝中存在HR96、E75、ROR、HNF4、RXR、TLL、SVP、ESR、ERR同源的核受体,并且具有新型的2DBD核受体。
Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3. North China Sea Marine Engineering Prospecting Research Institute, SOA, Qingdao 266033, China)Based on Mytilus galloprovincialis transcriptome data from public archives, we obtained 29 contigs encoding nuclear receptors. Mutiple alignment and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis indicate that 19 contigs encode NR1 subfamily members, 5 contigs encode NR2 subfamily members, 2 contigs encode NR3 subfamily members and 1 contig encodes a NR5 subfamily member. It suggests that M. galloprovincialis possesses genes homologous to HR96、 E75、 ROR、 HNF4、 RXR、TLL、 SVP、 ESR、 ERR and a new type 2DBD-NR.

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