通过对脱色温度、脱色时间、脱色白土用量3个因素进行单因素及正交实验,研究脱色条件对玉米油生育酚含量的影响。结果表明:对生育酚含量影响的因素依次为脱色时间脱色白土用量脱色温度,当脱色时间为20 min,脱色白土用量为2.5%,脱色温度为105℃时,生育酚损失最少,损失率为9.3%,此时脱色油的色泽为Y35R3.2,色泽达到二级油标准。

The bleaching temperature,bleaching time,decolorization clay dosage were researched by single factor test and orthogonal test,to research the loss of corn oil tocopherols during bleaching. The effects of the variables on the tocopherols content decreased in the order:bleaching time>decolorization clay dosage>bleaching temperature. The results showed that under the condition of the bleaching temperature 105℃,bleaching time 20 min,decolorization clay dosage 2.5%,the loss of tocopherolswas 9.3%,and the decolorization oil color was Y35R3.2. The color reached the secondary oil standard.

目的优化苦豆子多糖的脱色条件。方法以多糖脱色率和多糖保留率为指标,考察双氧水（H2O2）对苦豆子多糖溶液的脱色效果。通过单因素试验考察H2O2脱色方法中双氧水加入量、脱色时间、脱色温度和pH值对苦豆子多糖脱色效果的影响,进一步采用正交试验确定苦豆子多糖脱色的最佳条件。结果 H2O2对苦豆子多糖最佳脱色条件为脱色温度60℃,调节pH 5,加入1.0%的H2O2,脱色反应3 h。在此条件下经验证,多糖脱色率和多糖保留率可分别达到29.83%、71.12%。结论 H2O2脱色具有较好的脱色效果,可为生产出高品质的苦豆子多糖提供依据。

Objective To optimize the decolorization conditions on Sophora alopecuroides polysaccharide. Methods The effects of H2O2 on decolorization of S. alopecuroides polysaccharide were studied with polysaccharide decolorization rate and polysaccharide retention rate as indexes. The amount of H2O2, bleaching time, bleaching temperature, and pH value were studied through single factor test in H2O2 bleaching method, and the further optimal conditions of S. alopecuroides polysaccharide were studied by orthogonal test. Results The optimal decoloring conditions for S. alopecuroides polysaccharide with H2O2 were as following: decolorization temperature of 60 ℃, pH value of 5, addition of 1% H2O2, and decolorization reaction for 3 h. Under these conditions, the polysaccharide decolorization rate and polysaccharide retention rate could achieve 29.83%and 71.12%after verification. Conclusion The method with H2O2 has good decolorizing effect, and can provide a scientific basis for the product

通过预处理、氧化脱色、还原脱色三步工艺,以助剂用量以及工艺参数对脱色工艺进行优化,以脱色后纤维的白度、单纤维强力、手感作为评价指标,得出最佳脱色工艺.结果表明,采用新型脱色技术对紫山羊绒进行脱色,使纤维在脱色过程得以显著的保护.与传统工艺相比,脱色绒的白度提高了1.21%,强力提高了5.82%,断裂延伸度提高了34.46%,手排长度提高了7.12%,手感更接近原绒的手感,更利于后续纺纱织造.

A series of new bleaching agent is used in the decolorization process of purple cashmere .The process was optimized through pretreatment ,oxidation bleaching and reduction bleaching three steps by optimizing agent content and parameters of process , and taking the w hiteness of fiber , single fiber strength and feeling as indexes . It is found that the fiber decolorizated through new decolorization process is protected from damage ,its whiteness is promoted by 1.21% ,its strength is promoted by 5.08% ,its crack extension is promoted by 34.46% ,its hands shoot length is promoted by 7.12% ,and its feeling is much closer to the original cashmere compared with the traditional decolorization process of purple cashmere .The fiber bleached through new bleaching process was more suitable for the spinning and w eaving .

基于活性炭吸附法和酸碱精制法对醚后碳四液化气产粗柴油进行脱色研究。活性炭吸附试验中用单因素法考察了活性炭用量、脱色时间和脱色温度对脱色效果的影响；酸碱精制法实验中，首先采用单因素法考察了浓硫酸用量、碱加入量和脱色时间对脱色效果的影响，进一步通过正交试验方法确定了最优脱色条件。

The decolorizing technology is studied by activated carbon adsorption and acid-alkali purifica-tion to crude diesel produced by Post-MTBE C4 LPG.The effects of carbon dosage,decolorizing time and temperature on desulfurization are tested by the single factor method in the activated carbon adsorption ex-periments.For the experiments of acid alkali purification,the effects of the amount of alkaline methanol, sulfuric acid and the reaction time are investigated through the single factor method in the acid and alkali purification methods.Further the optimal decolorizing conditions are tested by the orthogonal experiment.

以甲壳素的白度为指标,研究了南极磷虾甲壳素的脱色条件,通过对比实验,确定H2O2为脱色剂;通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定最佳脱色工艺条件为:H2O2浓度12%,脱色温度65℃,脱色时间3 h,pH=8~9,在该条件下,南极磷虾甲壳素脱色后的白度可达到70.

The decolorization conditions of chitin from Antarctic krill shells were studied.According to the comparative experiment,H2 O2 was defined as the decolorant.Through single-factor and orthogonal experi-ment,the optimum decolorization conditions of chitin from Antarctic krill were as follows:the concentration of H2 O2 was 1 2%,the decolorization temperature was 65 ℃,processing time was 3 h and pH was in 8~9 . The proven experiment showed that whiteness after decolorization of chitin from Antarctic krill shells could reach above 70 under this condition.