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双语推荐：芥子酸

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采用索氏提取法提取了内蒙产白芥子的白芥子油。结合单因素考察和正交试验优化了提取条件,确定白芥子油的最佳提取条件为:石油醚(沸程60~90℃)作为提取剂,提取温度为95℃,提取时间为4h,白芥子质量浓度为0.125g/mL。实验结果表明:在最佳提取条件下,白芥子油提取率可达35.4%。GC/MS分析结果表明:白芥子油的脂肪酸主要由油酸、亚油酸、亚油酸和芥酸组成。
The mustard see d oil was obtained by Soxhlet extraction with the seed origin from Inner Mongolia .According to single factor and orthogonal test ,the optimum extraction condition is as follows :petroleum ether (distillate range 60-90 ℃) used as extraction solvent ,extraction temperature 95 ℃ ,extraction time 4 h ,mustard seed mass concentration is 0 .125 g/mL .Under these conditions the extraction rate reached to 35 .4% .Mustard oil fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC/MS .It mainly contained by erucic acid ,oleic acid ,linoleic acid and linolenic acid .

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目的比较莱菔子水提取液经不同益生菌及发酵条件发酵前后的变化。方法采用反相HPLC法,比较莱菔子水提取液经短双歧杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、混合菌和是否加营养发酵前后芥子碱硫氰酸盐和芥子酸的含量变化及指纹图谱。结果发酵可使芥子碱硫氰酸盐的含量降低,使芥子酸的含量增加,并建立了有15个共有峰的指纹图谱,且相对峰面积变化较大。结论莱菔子水提取液经发酵后,在含量上会有较大的变化,但并未出现新的化学成分。
Objective To observe the changes of components of Semen Raphani water extract before and after fermentation by different probiotics and under various fermentation conditions. Methods By using reversed-phase HPLC, we compared the contents of sinapine thiocyanate and erucic acid , and observed the HPLC fingerprints of Semen Raphani water extract fermented by Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and mixed bacteria under the condition with or without nutrient added. Results The content of sinapine thiocyanate decreased and the content of erucic acid increased after the fermentation by probiotics. Fifteen common peaks were obtained and the relative area varied greatly in the HPLC fingerprints of Semen Raphani water extract. Conclusion Great changes have presented in the component contents of Semen Raphani water extract after fermentation, but there are no new chemical compositions occurring.

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芦竹作为一种多年生的能源植物，具有广阔的开发利用前景。以傅里叶变换拉曼光谱技术对苯醇抽提前后芦竹原料、磨木木质素以及不同碱处理时间获得的碱木质素进行了无损分析。研究结果表明，原料中苯醇抽出物的存在会降低芦竹拉曼特征峰的强度，但不产生新的拉曼特征峰。芦竹磨木木质素的拉曼光谱图表明芦竹木质素为SGH 型木质素。相比于木材磨木木质素，芦竹磨木木质素在1173 cm-1处的特征峰更强。通过对羟基肉桂酸标准物的拉曼光谱分析，进一步证实了该特征峰可能由草类原料中的羟基肉桂酸引起。此外，碱木质素拉曼光谱分析结果表明，碱处理40 min获得的木质素中羟基肉桂酸特征峰最强，松柏醛/芥子醛特征峰最弱，而松柏醇/芥子醇的特征峰几乎消失。可见，该碱木质素中酚酸含量最高，潜在的抗氧化性最好，利用价值最高。二维异核单量子碳氢相关谱进一步验证了所得结果，证实了傅里叶变换拉曼光谱技术可作为一种安全、快速、准确、无损的分析手段鉴定木质素结构。
Arundo donax linn,as a perennial energy crop,has promising application prospect.In the present study,Fourier transform Raman (FT Raman)spectroscopy was applied to determine the structural information of materials,milled wood lignin (MWL),and alkaline lignins (AL,under different treated time)from A. donax stem nondestructively.The results indicated that,extractable compounds in A. donax had negative contribution to the Raman spectra without rising new Raman peaks.FT Raman spectrum of MWL indicated that MWL from A. donax was HGS type lignins.Compared with the spectra of MWL from wood materials,the peak at 1 173 cm-1 was much higher in intensity for the MWL from A. donax stem,which may be assigned to hydroxycinnamic acid by analyzing the standard.With respect to FT Raman spectra of ALs,the relatively highest intensity of 1 173 cm-1 was found in alkaline lignin (AL2 ),which was treated for 40 min by alkaline.Moreover,the peak of coniferalde-hyde/sinapaldehyde (1 630 cm-1 )was lowest in int

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为探讨银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)的化学成分,从银合欢豆荚乙醇提取物中分离得到7个酚类化合物,经过波谱分析,鉴定为原儿茶酸乙酯(1)、丁香酸(2)、3-羟基-1-(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷-1-酮(3)、咖啡酸甲酯(4)、(Z)-对香豆醛(5)、3-甲氧基-4-羟苯丙烷-7,8,9-三醇(6)、愈创木基甘油-8-O-4′-芥子醇醚(7)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物1对大肠杆菌和鼠伤沙门氏菌有一定的抑制活性。
In order to understand the chemical constituents of Leucanea leucocephala, seven phenolic compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of L. leucocephala pods. On the basis of spectral data, they were identiifed as ethyl protocatechuate (1), syringic acid (2), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one (3), caffeic acid methyl ester (4), (Z)-p-coumaric aldehyde (5), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylpropane-7,8,9-trio1 (6), and guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4′-(sinapyl alcohol) ether (7). All the compounds were obtained from L. leucocephala for the first time. Compound 1 showed in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains.

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从葎草[Humulus scandens(Lour.)Merr.]全草80%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为:蒙花苷(1),5,4′-二羟基-3,7-二甲氧基-6-甲基黄酮(2),内消旋二氢愈创木脂酸(3),β-蜕皮甾酮(4),24(S)-5α-lanost-9(11)-ene-3β,24,25-triol(5),积雪草酸(6),对羟基苯甲酸(7),反式桂皮酸(8),松柏醛(9),芥子醛(10),尿嘧啶(11)。其中化合物1~5和7~11为首次从葎草属植物中分离得到,化合物6为首次从该种植物中分离得到。
Eleven compounds isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of 80% ethanol extract of Humu-lus scandens (Lour.) Merr. were identified as buddleoside (1), 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-6-C-methyl-favone (2), meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (3), β-ecdysone (4), (24S)-5α-lanost-9 (11)-ene-3β,24,25-triol (5), asiatic acid (6), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), trans-cinnamic acid (8), coniferyl aldehyde (9), sinapic aldehyde (10) and uracil (11). Compounds 1~5 and 7~11 were firstly isolated from the plants in Humulus Linn. and compound 6 was isolated from this plant for the first time.

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为了研究木质素代谢途径中相关酚酸和类黄酮的测定方法。采用有机试剂萃取和超声破碎细胞的方法对烟草总酚酸和类黄酮进行提取,并通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）对烟草中6种植物酚酸和5种植物类黄酮进行了定量分析。结果显示：有机萃取结合超声破碎细胞的方法能够将酚酸和类黄酮从植物中有效分离;高效液相色谱（HPLC）能够将6种植物酚酸和5种植物类黄酮一次分离;HPLC测定香豆酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸、对甲氧基苯甲酸和肉桂酸的保留时间分别为18.11、20.03、20.51、20.76、22.86、26.23min;HPLC测定杨梅素、槲皮素、根皮素、柑橘素、山奈酚的保留时间分别为9.06、12.01、14.96、15.23、16.12min。通过研究表明,HPLC能够很好的对植物酚酸和类黄酮进行检测,这为研究木质素代谢途径相关酚酸和类黄酮奠定了基础。
The aim was to establish a research method to measure the phenolic and flavonoid which relate to plant lignin biosynthesis. Organic reagent and ultrasonication were used for plant phenolic and flavonoid extract, HPLC was used for the measurement of six plant phenolic and five flavonoids. Tobacco was used as sample to test the HPLC measure method. The result showed that HPLC method for the phenolic and flavonoid relate to plant lignin biosynthesis was efficient which could isolate 6 different phenolics and 5 different flavonoids in one test;organic reagent and ultrasonication were useful to extract plant phenolic and flavonoid;the retention time of p-coumaric, ferulic, caffeic, cinnamic, sinapic and 4-methoxybenzoic acid were 18.11, 20.03, 20.51, 20.76, 22.86 and 26.23 min;the retention time of myricetin, quercetin, phloretin, naringenin and kaempferol were 9.06, 12.01, 14.96, 15.23, 16.12 min. The method made foundation for the research of plant lignin biosynthesis.

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探讨白芥子促透皮吸收的物质基础．以蛇床子为研究对象，采用改良Franz扩散池，以离体Wistar大鼠背部皮肤为透皮模型，考察白芥子中白芥子碱、白芥子苷和黄酮、白芥子多糖、白芥子脂肪油、白芥子挥发油及不同促渗剂对蛇床子中蛇床子素体外经皮渗透的影响．结果表明，白芥子中挥发油和不同促渗剂均能促进蛇床子素经皮吸收，其作用强弱依次为5％薄荷油（17．8429μg·cm-2·h-1）＞5％冰片（17．0042μg·cm-2·h-1）＞5％氮酮（16．6560μg·cm-2·h-1）＞0．5％白芥子挥发油（16．6101μg·cm-2·h-1）．白芥子中挥发油对蛇床子中蛇床子素具有促透皮吸收作用，百分含量以0．5％为最佳．
To investigate the material basis of Semen Sinapis promoting percutaneous absorp-tion, the Cnidium monnieri was taken as the research object .The penetration experiments in vitro were performed using excised dorsum skin of Wistar rats on modified Franz diffusion cells to study the effect of Semen Sinapis alkali , Semen Sinapis glycosides and flavonoids , Semen Sinapis polysaccharide , Semen Sinapis fatty oil , Semen Sinapis volatile oil from Se-men Sinapis and several penetration enhancers on percutaneous permeation of Osthole .Re-sults indicated that the penetration rate of Osthole by the volatile oil from Semen Sinapis and several penetration enhancers was increased in the following order:5%peppermint oil (17. 842 9 μg· cm-2 · h -1 )>5%borneol (17.004 2 μg· cm -2 · h -1 )>5%azone (16.656 0μg· cm-2· h-1)>0.5% volatile oil from Semen Sinapis(16.610 1 μg· cm -2· h-1). The volatile oil from Semen Sinapis can improve the percutaneous absorption of Osthole from Cnidiu

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芥子碱是十字花科植物中重要的次生代谢产物,油菜籽是含有芥子碱的唯一的大宗作物。芥子碱是菜籽粕中存在的最重要的简单酚类物质,其存在影响菜籽粕的适口性、蛋白质的消化吸收率并使鸡蛋产生鱼腥味。通过对芥子碱的存在形式、合成途径、性质、提取纯化方法、在油菜籽和菜籽粕酚类物质中的地位、对菜籽粕营养的影响及其在物理化学及酶作用下的降解研究进展进行综述,以期为菜籽粕芥子碱的降低寻找适宜的途径。
Sinapine is an important secondary metabolites in cruciferous plants. Rapeseed is the widest planted crops containing sinapine. Sinapine is the most important simple phenolic compounds in rapeseed meal which affects the palatability, protein digestion and absorption of rapeseed meal and the odor of eggs. The existing form, synthesis pathway, property,extraction and purification methods and position in phenolic compounds of rapeseed and rapeseed meal of sinapine, its impact on nutritional value of rape-seed meal and its degradation under physicochemical and enzymatic actions were reviewed, so as to pro-vide a suitable method for reducing sinapine content in rapeseed meal.

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考察芥子碱氯化盐对家兔离体肠平滑肌收缩功能的影响。方法:以家兔离体肠平滑肌收缩频率和张力为指标,采用Medlab-U/4C501H生物机能实验系统,考察不同浓度芥子碱氯化盐对家兔离体肠平滑肌收缩功能的影响。采用M受体阻断剂(阿托品)孵育肌条,观察芥子碱氯化盐在M受体阻断剂存在下对家兔肠管平滑肌收缩效应的变化。结果:各个实验浓度范围的芥子碱氯化盐对家兔离体肠平滑肌的收缩频率均无明显影响(P0.05),各实验浓度芥子碱氯化盐能够显著提高家兔离体肠管的张力(P0.01);M受体阻断剂阿托品对芥子碱氯化盐引起的肌条收缩有抑制作用,但抑制作用不完全。结论:芥子碱氯化盐对家兔离体肠管平滑肌具有兴奋作用,其兴奋肠管的作用与激动M受体有关。
Objective:To investigate the effect of sinapine chloride on the contractility of isolated ileum smooth muscle of rabbits .Methods:Use the contraction frequency and tension of muscle strips as indexes to investigate the effect of different doses of sinapine chloride on the contractility of isolated ileum smooth muscle , and the contraction information was recorded with Medlab -U/4 C501 H biological function experimental system .The muscle strips were incubated with M receptor blocker ( atropine ) to observe the effects of sinapine chloride con-tractile activity in the presence of atropine .Results:All doses of sinapine chloride had no obvious effect on the contraction frequency of isolated ileum smooth muscle strips ( P>0 .05 ) .All doses of sinapine chloride could obviously increase the tension of muscle strips ( P<0 .01 ) .M receptor blocker ( atropine ) could inhibit the contraction effect caused by Sinapine but the effect was incomplete .Conclusion:Sinapine chloride has an ex-citato

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芥子酶能分解底物硫代葡萄糖苷产生萝卜硫素等抗癌物质。本研究拟从十字花科植物寄生菜蚜体内分离产芥子酶微生物。通过RSM培养基富集培养,氯化钯-硫苷降解率法初筛,葡萄糖产量法复筛。分离获得9株产芥子酶菌株,其中DS12菌株的酶活最高,为1.486 IU;并且在VC浓度为0.28μg/uL时,酶活最大;在发酵42 h,生长量最大。DS12可作为生产芥子酶的潜力菌株。
Myrosinase can degrade glucosinolates to produce sulforaphane and other anti-cancer materials. This study aimed to isolate myrosinase producing microorganisms from cabbage aphid from Lipaphis erysimi that specifically parasitizing Brassicaceae plants. Throngh enrichment culture with RSM medium , screening with palladium chloride-the glucosinolate degradation rate and rescreening with glucose production method , 9 strains producing myrosinase were isolated in this paper , in which the D12 strain has the most enzyme amounts up to 1.486 IU, its enzyme activity is most at VC concentration 0.28 μg/μL, its maximum amount of growth arised at fermentation time 42 hours. So DS12 has the potential for producing myrosinase.

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