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双语推荐：茎尖分化

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用4个甘薯品种的茎尖为接种材料,进行甘薯脱毒快繁培养基的研究。结果表明:最佳的茎尖分化培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L;最佳试管苗切段快繁培养基为1/2 MS(2/3琼脂+1/3食用胶+白砂糖)。茎尖分化成苗率高20%,快繁培养基成本降低45%,苗壮。
With four varieties of sweet potato stem tip as vaccination materials, the optimal media for sweet potato detoxification rapid propagation were studied. The results showed that the best medium for stem tip differentiation was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L and the best rapid propagation medium for the cuts of test-tube plantlet was 1/2 MS (2/3AGAR+1/3 of edible glue;sugar). Stem tip differentiation rate was 20%higher than the other treatments, and the cost of rapid propagation medium was reduced by 45%.

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以宁玉草莓匍匐茎为外植体,进行消毒灭菌、茎尖分化、继代增殖和生根培养基筛选研究,结果表明:最佳消毒方法为75%乙醇40 s+0.1%升汞6~8 min;草莓茎尖分化培养基:MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;继代增殖培养基:MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,其增殖系数为9;生根培养基:1/2MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L,生根率可达96.6%。
The stolons of strawberry variety “Ningyu” were used as explants .After disinfection , we studied and selected the appropriate culture media for stem -tip differentiation, subcultural propagation and rooting .The results showed that the best method of disinfection was using 75%ethanol for 40 s plus 0.1%HgCl2 for 6~8 min;the best differentiation medium was MS +0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA;the best medium for subcultural propagation was MS +0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA, and its multiplication coefficient was 9;the best rooting medium was 1/2MS+0.05 mg/L NAA, and the rooting rate reached 96.6%.

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花椒茎枝有尖锐皮刺,在实际生产中增加采摘成本,并降低采摘效率.为培育品质优良的无刺品种,筛选皮刺分化的关键基因具有重要意义.使用二代高通量测序技术对花椒皮刺起始分化的茎尖节点组织转录组进行测序,使用生物学软件对原始数据进行拼装,最终获得45 057条转录本序列.使用比对工具将得到的转录本与Swiss-Prot,NR,Pfam,KEGG,KOG数据库比对后,80.34％的转录本序列至少被一个数据库注释.获取的大量的基因序列及注释信息为进一步探究花椒皮刺分化分子机理提供了良好的基础,为定位皮刺分化关键基因提供依据.
The fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is one of the most popular spices in China.However,there are numerous short prickles on both the stems and the branches,which result high cost and low efficiency of picking the fruit.Therefore,breeding of spine free cultivar is needed.During this process,localization of essential genes in prickle differentiation is above all.We sequenced the node of stem where prickle differentiation initiation by Next-generation sequencing technology.After de novo assembly,we obtained 45 057 transcripts of the node of the stem.In addition,we annotated the transcriptome against five public database (Swiss-Prot,NR,Pfam,KEGG and KOG).The massive sequence and annotation information would build a solid base for non-prickle hua-jiao breeding.

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以剑麻H.11648为材料,研究不同外植体、培养基和激素对不定芽诱导及生根的影响。试验结果表明,以珠芽苗茎尖为最佳快繁材料,最佳消毒时间25 min,最适合的基本培养基为SH;最佳分化培养基为SH+NAA0.05 mg/L+6-BA 4 mg/L,芽的分化率达到85%,同时可做增殖培养基,增殖平均倍数为18。分化芽在MS和SH两种培养基中添加NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA 0.1 mg/L中均可生根,生根率为95%。
The effects of explants and cultural factors on induction of adventitious shoots and plant regeneration of sisal H.11648 was studied. The results showed that the best explant for rapid propagation was stem tip of bead bud seedling, the suitable sterilization time was 25 min, and the most suitable basic culture medium was SH. The best medium for differentiation and proliferation was SH+ NAA0.05 mg/L+ 6-BA4 mg/L, bud differentiation rate reached 85%, and proliferation average was 18. Root could well developed in MS (SH)+NAA0.1 mg/L+6-BA0.1 mg/L and rooting rate was up to 95%.

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研究怀地黄组织培养与快繁技术。以怀地黄茎尖部分为外植体,在以MS作为基本培养基的基础上,添加不同浓度的NAA、IAA、2,4-D、6-BA,配制不同浓度的培养基,对怀地黄的茎尖进行分化与诱导、继代与增殖及生根培养试验,并对试管苗进行炼苗移栽。获得了怀地黄茎尖培养脱毒与诱导、增殖和生根的培养基,以及生长所需要的外部条件和配套技术。
The paper aimed to study thevirus-free tissue culture and the rapid propagation technology.With Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch shoot tip as explants,MS was used as the basic medium with different concentration of NAA,IAA,2,4-D and 6-BA to configure different media,the tests of differentiation and induction,subculture and proliferation as well as rooting culture on Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch were carried out and the test-tube plantlets were hardened and transplanted.In the experiment,the media of detoxification and induction,proliferation and rooting were obtained as well as the external environmental conditions for the plant growth and the matching technology.

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以海南小黄姜茎尖为材料，进行组培脱毒及离体快繁技术研究，结果表明，剥离茎尖(0.3～0.5 mm)分生组织培养，能有效脱除生姜烟草花叶病毒和黄瓜花叶病毒。筛选出适合丛生芽分化的培养基配方(MS＋6-BA3.0 mg/L＋NAA0.1 mg/L)，实现了生姜增殖与生根诱导同步，增殖系数为8，将试管苗移栽到沙土＋椰糠1：1的混合基质中炼苗，成活率最高为92%。
In order to investigate virus elimination and micropropagation of ginger, we use small yellow ginger stem tissue as material. The results showed with stem tip (0.3~0.5 mm) culture, could effectively remove Tobacco mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus of ginger, which showed the medium MS+6-BA3.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L were best for buds propagation, we accomplished the proliferation and root induction synchronised, the propagation coefficient were 8 , transplant to hardening in sand+coconut husk 1:1 mixing matrix had the best transplanting survival rate were 92%.

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以紫花苜蓿的成熟种子为外植体,以组培苗茎尖为材料建立了紫花苜蓿离体再生体系。研究结果显示:紫花苜蓿茎尖分化增殖的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA1.5 mg·L-1+NAA0.1 mg·L-1,平均增殖系数为6.25;最适生根培养基为MS+IBA0.05 mg·L-1,平均侧根数为28.5条,生根率达到93.5%。该再生体系的建立为紫花苜蓿遗传转化后转基因植株的快速繁殖奠定了基础。
A vitro regeneration system was established using the stem tip of tissue seedling as the material and the ripe seeds of Medicago sativa L. were used as explants. The results showed that MS with 6-BA1.5 mg·L-1+NAA0.1 mg·L-1 was the optimal medium for differentiation and proliferation of stem tip in Medicago sativa L.,and average proliferation coefficient was 6.25;MS with IBA 0.05 mg·L -1 was the optimal rooting medium,and the average side root number and the rooting rate respectively was 28.5,93.5%. The establishment of the regeneration system provided a foundation for genetic transformation and rapid propagation of Medicago sativa L.

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以手参为对象,研究了外植体和植物生长调节剂对愈伤组织诱导,以及植物生长调节剂对不定芽分化及生根的影响,初步建立了其组织培养再生体系.结果表明,以茎尖外植体愈伤组织诱导率最高,在MS附加0.5 mg·L 1 NAA的培养基上,诱导率可达60％;愈伤组织在MS附加0.1mg·L-1 NAA培养基上增殖效果较好;不定芽分化诱导以MS附加0.1mg·L-1TDZ最高,可达53.3％,在MS附加0.1mg·L-1 TDZ和0.1 mg·L 1 NAA的培养基更适合芽的增殖和生长;生根诱导以1/2MS培养基附加0.5 mg·L 1的NAA的诱导率最高,可达30.6％.
Based on the investigation of effects of types of explants and plant growth regulators on callus induction,the effect of plant growth regulators on adventitious shoot formation and rooting,a system for the regeneration of Gymnadenia conopsea was developed.The results indicated that there were differences in induction percentages,in which the explant derived from stem tips produced up to 60 ％ callus induction on MS medium with 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA.The medium supplemented with 0.1 mg · L-1 NAA was more suitable for callus proliferation.The highest frequencies of adventitious shoot formation (53.3％) was on the MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg· L-1 TDZ,but the basal medium MS supplemented with 0.1 mg · L-1 TDZ and 0.1 mg · L-1 NAA was in favor of the shoot proliferation and growth.The high rooting percentages (30.4％) and excellent development root systems were obtained on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA.

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以秋水仙素诱导获得的鹤顶兰嵌合体无菌苗的假鳞茎、茎尖及除根苗为外植体，分别接种于花宝一号的固体、半固体及固液双层培养基上进行培养，通过诱导类原球茎的方法对嵌合体进行分离。结果表明，鹤顶兰嵌合体分离最佳方法为将除根苗插入花宝一号＋100.0 ml/L椰子水＋2.0 g/L活性炭＋20.0 g/L蔗糖＋2.0 mg/LBA＋0.2 mg/LNAA的半固体培养基上，诱导出PLB进而分化成苗，分离得到纯合四倍体。
In order to obtain pure teraploid of Phaius tankervilleae, improve polyploidy induction efficiency. Through inducting protocorm like body for separation of chimera, the research used the pseudobulb, root segment, shoot apex as explants cultured with Hyponex No.1, solid, semi-solid and liquid-solid double-layer medium. The results showed that the best method of inducting protocorm like body was inserting the resection of the plant root to semi-solid Hyponex No.1 + 100 ml/L CW + 2 g/L AC + 20 g/L sucrose + 2.0 mg/L BA + 0.2 mg/LNAA. Two pure teraploid were obtained from this. The method can be used to separate Phaius tankervilleae chimera.

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【目的】研究濒危药材红芽大戟(Knoxia corym bosa Willd)最适宜的组培快繁方法,为规模化生产红芽大戟提供依据。【方法】选取红芽大戟不同组织器官为外植体,采用不同配方的培养基培养,研究影响外植体诱导分化、增殖和生根的因素,筛选获得最佳培养基。【结果】外植体采用茎尖优于叶轴、叶片,茎尖接种于MS+1.5mg/L 6-BA+0.15mg/L NAA,萌芽率为100%,MS+3.0mg/L 6-BA+0.30mg/L NAA最适用于继代增殖培养,1/2MS+2.0mg/L IBA+0.2mg/L NAA最合适生根培养。【结论】选取合适的外植体,采用适宜的培养条件和培养基,可以有效地进行红芽大戟的组培快繁。
Objective]To establish tissue culture and rapid propagation of Knoxia corymbosa Willd,and provide advices for industrial production of Knoxia corymbosa Willd.[Methods]Different tissue or organs of Knoxia corymbosa Willd as explants are cultured in different growth media for the selection of the optimum experimental scheme.The factors affecting explants induction,differentiation,proliferation and rooting culture medium are studied for screening the best culture medium.[Results]Using meristems of young plants as explants cultured in MS+6?BA 1.5mg/L+NAA 0.15mg/L medium is the best way for inducing meristems and germination rate is 100%.MS+6?BA 3.0mg/L+NAA 0.3mg/L is suitable for the subculture value?added culture,1/2MS+IBA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L is suitable for rooting culture.[Conclusion]Given the appropriate culture conditions and the suitable me-dium can successfully achieve the tissue culture of Knoxia valerianoides.

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