通过培养、解剖及显微观测,研究了茶树菇(Agrocybe cylindracea)L1菌株生物学特征.结果表明,茶树菇L1菌株,子实体粗壮,肉厚,株平均质量达28.77 g,其结构为单型菌丝系统,是一株优良菌株.菌体不同部位的菌丝以及营养菌丝均无色透明,具分枝,有横隔和锁状联合,但各类型菌丝直径及排列方式有明显区别.菌柄菌丝直径最大,基内菌丝直径最小,菌柄菌丝及菌髓菌丝平行排列,菌幕菌丝相互无序交织.

Through culture , dissection and micro-observation , the biological characteristic of Agrocybe cylindracea strain L1 was studied.As a result, it is a quality train.Its fructifications were enlarged and the flesh of fruit bodies were thicken.The fructification mean weight was 28.77 g.The fructifications hyphal system of Agrocybe cylindracea strain L 1 was monomitic .It was also showed that the hapha of different fructifications position and vegetative hypha were all achro -matic color, transparent and with branches , tabulas, lock connections but their diameter and the arrangement way were different apparently .The diameter of stipe hapha was at the most and the diameter of substrate hapha diameter was least . The haphas of stipe and the medulla were parallel and the haphas of veil were intertexture .

测定微生物发酵床养猪垫料的营养成分,研究其不同添加量对5种食用菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:垫料含氮量为1.63%,可作为食用菌菌丝生长的氮源;5种食用菌菌丝在不同的配方上都能生长,适宜的添加量有利于促进菌丝生长,添加垫料为35%时,平菇菌丝生长速率最快,达9.50mm·d-1;添加垫料为40%时,毛木耳菌丝生长速率最快,达4.50 mm·d-1;垫料添加量为35%时,金针菇菌丝生长速率最快,达4.35mm·d-1;垫料添加量为20%时,滑菇菌丝生长速率最快,达4.52mm·d-1;垫料添加量为45%时,真姬菇菌丝生长速率最快,达2.60mm·d-1,它们和对照差异极显著(P0.01)。

Nutrient constituents of the litter of feeding pigs in the microbial fermentation bed were determined andeffects on the mycelial growth of five edible fungi in different formulas added with litter of different proportions werestudied. The results showed the content of nitrogen was 1.6 3 % in litter providing good nitrogen source for themycelial growth of edible fungi,mycelium of five edible fungi could grow in different formulas,suitable proportionof litter in the substrate can promote mycelial growth,the highest mycelial growth rate of P leurotus ostreatus was9.50 mm d-1 when the formula contained 3 5 % litter,the highest mycelial growth rate of Auricularia polytricha was 4.50 mm · d-1 when the formula contained 40% litter,the highest mycelial growth rate of Flammulina velutipes was 4.3 5 mm·d-1 when the formula contained 3 5 % litter,the highest mycelial growth rate of Pholiota nameko was 4.5 2 mm·d-1 when the formula contained 20% litter,the highest mycelial growth rate

在真菌分类中,菌丝和孢子的显微特征是区分种的一个重要依据。本研究对绣球菌担孢子和菌丝进行电镜观察。结果表明:菌丝白色,粗细比较均匀,菌丝直径为1.40~2.12μm,双核菌丝有明显的锁状联合现象;孢子近圆形至椭圆形,孢子大小为(3.1~4.4)μm×(3.8~5.5)μm。此研究有助于绣球菌属的鉴别和分类。

Microstructure of fungal hypha and spore is important in classification for fungus species .In this paper , the hypha and basidiospore of Sparassis crispa were described in their morphology observed with scanning electron microscope .The results showed that the hypha was white with the uniform diameter between 1.4~2.2 μm ,and dikaryotic hypha had obvious clamp connection .Basidiospore was subglobose to ellipsoid with the size of 3.1~4.4μm × 3.8~5.4 μm .The research is helpful to identify and classify the genus of Sparassis crispa .

为探明雷山杜鹃菌根的形态结构特征及在自然生境中菌根真菌的侵染率，以野生雷山杜鹃根系为试验材料，采用酸性品红染色压片法，对其春季和秋季的菌根形态及侵染情况进行初步研究。结果表明：雷山杜鹃根系表面被念珠状菌丝和有隔菌丝覆盖，未发现外生菌丝侵入根系细胞；根系细胞内存在典型杜鹃花类菌根（ERM）结构---菌丝结；菌丝只在沿根系细胞壁分布的特殊细胞内贯穿分布。雷山杜鹃菌根真菌侵染率春季（75％）高于秋季（54％）。

The mycorrhiza morphology and fungus infection rate of wild R.leishanicum root system were studied in Spring and Autumn by the acid fuchsin method to explore the morphological structure characteristics and fungus infected rate in the natural habitat.The results showed that the surface of R.leishanicum root system is covered with monilioid hyphae and septate hypha without exogenous-hyphae;there is a typical ERM structure-hyphal knot in cells of the root system, and hyphae are distributed in the special cells along cell wall of the root system. The fungus infection rate of R.leishanicum mycorrhiza in Spring and Autumn is 75% and 54% separately.

采用形态特征观察、生理生化特性测定以及16S rDNA、gyrB基因序列测定,确定1株从核桃林地土壤中分离获得拮抗细菌菌株SDF-005的分类地位,并测定了该菌株对5种植物炭疽病的抑菌活性以及对核桃炭疽病的林间防治效果。经鉴定,该菌株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。SDF-005对5种植物炭疽病菌丝生长均具有较强的抑制作用,抑菌带直径均在12 mm以上,菌丝生长抑制率达75%以上,其中对葡萄炭疽病抑制作用最强,抑菌带直径为19.33mm,菌丝生长抑制率为83.06%。SDF-005对炭疽病菌的抑制作用主要表现为对菌丝的影响,SDF-005的各种代谢产物破坏病原菌菌丝壁结构,引起菌丝膨大、畸变、扭曲、菌丝壁消解。15亿/g SDF-005可湿性粉剂2个处理浓度田间防治核桃炭疽病效果均达75%以上。

Through morphological characteristics observation , physiological and biochemical characteristics measurement , as well as 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequence determination , we ascertained the taxonomic status of an antagonistic bacterial strain SDF-005 isolated from the soil of walnut orchard , and tested the inhibitory activity of this strain to 5 plant anthracnose diseases and its control efficacy against walnut anthracnose in orchard .Strain SDF-005 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.This strain had stronger inhibitive effect on the mycelial growth of 5 plant anthracnose diseases ( especially grape anthracnose disease ) , the inhibi-tion zone diameter ranged from 12.00 mm to 19.33 mm, and the inhibition rate reached 75.00%~83.06%.The inhibitive effect of SDF-005 against the pathogens of plant anthracnose was shown mainly by its effect on mycelia .The various metabolites of SDF-005 destroyed the structure of mycelial wall , and caused the expansion , distortion, warping and d