田间栽培的柑橘根毛少甚至无，高度依赖丛枝菌根替代根毛吸收养分，因而柑橘丛枝菌根的研究被广泛关注。本文综述了近20年国内外柑橘丛枝菌根的形态特征、根际丛枝菌根真菌的资源、丛枝菌根的生理和分子研究以及菌根功能的影响因子的最新进展，重点通过植株生长、营养吸收和抗逆性阐明丛枝菌根的生理功能。

Citrus plants possess less or no root hairs in the fields and thus highly depend on arbuscular mycorrhizas to replace the root hair for nutrient uptake from soil .Therefore,arbuscular mycorrhizas in citrus have been widely concerned .This paper summarizes the new advances in the research of morphology ,fungal re-sources in rhizosphere ,physiology and molecular studies of arbuscular my corrhizas in citrus ,and factors impac-ting mycorrhizal functionings .It clarifies the physiological functions of arbuscular mycorrhizas in terms of plant growth ,nutrient uptake and adverse tolerance .

随着森林生态系统的正向演替,植物物种多样性、群落结构、生产力以及土壤条件均会发生显著的变化,这些变化对菌根类型和多样性会产生不同程度的影响。为了探讨群落结构和功能的变化对菌根资源可能产生的影响,选择季风常绿阔叶林及其演替系列上的代表性森林生态系统为对象,对菌根化根系、菌根类型和菌根真菌孢子密度进行调查,并结合已有的群落信息和土壤养分状况,分析在森林演替过程中菌根资源的变化情况和可能的影响因素。结果表明：季风常绿阔叶林各演替阶段的森林生态系统中菌根化比例接近70%,但不同演替阶段森林的优势菌根类型存在明显的差异。处于演替初期的马尾松（Pinus massoniana）林以丛枝菌根为主,占菌根总数的78%;演替中期的针阔叶混交林中的外生菌根占有绝对优势,占75%,是丛枝菌根的3倍;演替顶级的季风常绿阔叶林中的外生菌根和丛枝菌根的比例相当。马尾松林的菌根真菌孢子密度最高,每20 g风干土壤中的孢子数量高达2 925个,是针阔叶混交林的2.5倍,季风常绿阔叶林的2倍。演替系列上的森林生态系统的菌根类型的差异与植物物种多样性和群落结构,尤其是林下的灌木、草本层密度存在一定的相关性,同时也受土壤养分状况的影响。马尾松林具有较丰富的草本植物和较高的草本层密度,并且该森林的土壤相对贫瘠,这些条件都有利于丛枝菌根真菌侵染草本植物的根系形成丛枝菌根并产生大量孢子。针阔叶混交林中外生菌根的优势主要受该森林中外生菌根植物在群落组成上的绝对优势影响。季风常绿阔叶林的物种丰富,群落结构复杂,因此该森林呈现了两种类型菌根优势相当的现象。该文的结果表明,随着季风常绿阔叶林演替的进行,菌根资源在类型上会出现较大的分异,而这种变化受植物物种数量、群落结构的影响,与土壤养分状况存在一定的关系,并且不同演替阶段森林生态系统影响菌根组成的因素存在差异。

Plant species diversity, community structure, productivity and edaphic factors varied significantly with forest succession, these variations may influence the diversity of mycorrhizae. To understand how forest structure and function impact on mycorrhizae at ecosystem level, three subtropical forests were chosen along a forest succession series in South China to investigate mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae ( ECM ), arbuscular mycorrhizae ( AM ), and mycorrhizal fungal spores in the top soil ( 0-20 cm depth ). Potential influences of forest structure on mycorrhizae were analyzed based on field census together with plant diversity and soil nutrients. The results showed that nearly 70% of fine roots less than 2 mm diameter in the top soil of each forest were colonized by mycorrhizal fungi, but dominate mycorrhizae types varied significantly in the three successional forests. AM accounted for 78% of total mycor-rhizae in the pine forest at early successional stage, ECM contributed to 75% of myc

为研究丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜苗期立枯病的防治效果和相关生理生化变化。以黄瓜品种中农16为材料，播种时接种丛枝菌根真菌，对20 d幼苗人工接种立枯丝核菌。结果表明，接种菌根真菌后能够显著提高黄瓜苗期对立枯病的抗性，降低发病率。黄瓜苗期人工接种立枯丝核菌后菌根苗和非菌根苗发病率分别为16．5％和52．0％，非菌根苗发病严重，病情指数为46．7，接菌病情指数为10，较非接菌苗下降了78．5％，接种菌根真菌提高黄瓜抗病性与改变相关酶活性有关，在病害发生前菌根真菌已经与寄主植物互利共生，提前启动了抵抗病害得相关机制，如提高了保护酶活性，促进植株生长，接种菌根真菌后菌根苗地上鲜质量和地上干质量分别比未接菌处理提高33．10％和25.93％。在病害发生过程中菌根真菌与病原菌互相竞争，抑制病菌对寄主的侵害，减轻细胞膜受损害程度。

The cucumber strain Zhongnong 16 were used to screen the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on seedling blight of cucumber in solar greenhouse , and related physiological and biochemistry changes were studied . The result indicated that when cucumber seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi it can significantly enhance the ability of cucumber resistance .After inoculated rhizoctonia solani incidence rates of AM cucumber seedlings and non A-M cucumber seedlings were 16 .5% and 52 .0%.The mean disease index of cucumber seedling inoculated with AMF was 78.5%lower than that of the control respectively ,moreover,there were most obvious the differences between the treatments and the control .Before disease occurrence the sysbiosis of AMF and host plant had formed and the relevant mechanisms of disease resistance had been started .The inoculation of AMF enhanced plant grewth and improved the activity of protect enzyme .During disease occurred AMF and pathogens compete with ea

为探明马缨杜鹃菌根真菌的种类，采用 rDNA-ITS-PCR分子生物学方法对分离的马缨杜鹃菌根真菌进行鉴定。结果表明：从马缨杜鹃菌根共分离出6种与杜鹃花类菌根真菌 Phialocephala sp （CK007137）、Oidiodendron sp（HM208742．1）、Oidiodendron sp．shylhs04（AY268186．1）、2个不同的 Ep-acris root associated fungus 类菌株和 fungal sp．R38亲缘关系十分密切的真菌。其中，前5种真菌与其他ERM 植物的菌根真菌同源或近缘，fungal sp．R38是 ERM 植物菌根真菌的新类型。

To explore the species of mycorrhizal fungi of R.delavayi,and provide technical reserves for cultivation and application of R.delavayi,the molecular biological method rDNA-ITS-PCR was employed to identify the isolated mycorrhizal fungi of R.delavayi.Results:six kinds of mycorrhizal fungi closely related to ERM were isolated, including Phialocephala sp (CK007137 ), Oidiodendron sp (HM208742.1 ),Oidiodendron sp. shylhs04 (AY268186.1 ), two kinds of different Epacris root associated fungus,which were the relatives of ERM and fungal sp.R38 which was a new type of ERM respectively.

以高油115和正大619为实验材料,分别通过盆栽和田间试验研究接种摩西球囊霉和地表球囊霉对玉米根系形态和根系内源生长素含量的影响。结果表明,玉米形成菌根后根系形态明显改变,根条数显著多于对照,并且接种处理与对照间的差异随菌根侵染率的上升而加大,差异极显著。生长60 d时,有菌根的玉米单株总根长度为788.61 cm,根系重量达8.26 g,均显著高于无菌根的对照。根系生长素含量随菌根侵染率上升而增加,并且显著高于不接种的对照。丛枝菌根真菌侵染可以促使玉米根内生长素含量上升,根条数增多,增加吸收面积,促进玉米生长。

Maize cultivar GY115 and ZD619 were used for experimental materials cultured in pot and field re-spectively.The effects of Glomus mosseae and G. versiforme on root morphology and root endogenous growth hormone content of maize(Zea mays) were studied. The results showed that the morphology of mycorrhizal maize roots signifi-cantly changed, root number increased after mycorrhization. Furthermore, the difference between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots increased with the development of mycorrhizal infection rate. When grew 60 days, mycorrhizal maize total root length per plant of 788.61 cm, fresh root weight per plant of 8.26 g, were significantly higher than non-mycorrhizal root. Growth hormone content in roots increased with mycorrhizal infection rate increasing, and the content of IAA in inoculation treatment was higher than control significantly. This study indicated that AM fungi can induce the growth hormone content increased in maize roots, enhance root number, and thereby inc