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双语推荐：记忆效应

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为了提高AH模型的建模精度,该文在AH模型的带记忆弱非线性模块中引入滞后包络项和超前包络项,用于仿真功率放大器的滞后包络效应和超前包络效应,从而构建出广义改进型Hammerstein模型(GAH)。通过实验比较了GAH模型和AH、记忆多项式、分数阶记忆多项式以及广义记忆多项式模型的建模精度和模型复杂度。实验结果显示GAH模型能在很低的计算复杂度下很好地表征功率放大器的记忆效应。
In order to improve the modeling accuracy of the AH model,this paper introduces some lagging envelope terms and leading envelope terms to the weak nonlinear module with memory in the AH model to simulate the lagging and the leading envelope effects of the broadband RFPA. In this way, a Generalized Augmented Hammerstein (GAH) model is proposed. This paper experimentally compares the modeling accuracy and model computational complexity of the GAH, AH, memory polynomial, fractional-order memory polynomial and generalized memory polynomial models. The experimental results illustrate that the GAH model can characterize the memory effects of the RFPA well with low computational complexity.

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地应力信息储存于开挖后的岩石中,变形率变化法(DRA)是基于岩石变形记忆效应测量地应力的方法,正确的机制是认识变形记忆效应与推广、改进DRA法的基础。传统推测的机制并不能解释低应力区存在变形记忆效应及失忆性等现象。首先进行火山沉积岩试样的物理试验,证明低应力区仍然存在变形记忆效应,记忆信息可同时采用侧向应变及轴向应变测量,两者精度一致。提出在低应力区,岩石变形记忆效应机制为微裂纹接触面及颗粒接触面的摩擦滑动。基于此机制,采用弹性元件、黏性元件和圣维南体构建相应的轴对称理论基本单元模型及多接触面理论模型。进行不同放置时间下的单轴循环压缩试验。结果表明,由轴对称理论模型可以得到低应力区岩石变形记忆效应、侧向DRA曲线与轴向DRA曲线准确度一致且在记忆信息处向上弯曲等、并对失忆性现象进行了初探。理论模型与物理试验结果一致,由此证明微裂纹接触面及颗粒接触面的摩擦滑动可以得到低应力区岩石变形记忆效应。同时,理论模型及物理试验结果为提高DRA法的测量准确度提供了依据。
The information of the in situ stress is stored in the rocks after excavation. The deformation rate analysis (DRA) method is used to determine the in situ stress based on the rock deformation memory effect(DME). Cracks generation and propagation under the previous load was initially assumed to be the mechanism of the rock DME. However, this mechanism can not explain many phenomena in the rock DME. The lack of a theoretical model prevents the correct interpretation of experimental data and improvements of the DRA method. The physical experiment is firstly performed on a volcanic sediment sample. It is showed that the in situ stress in the low stress region can be determined by both the axial strain and the lateral strain, while the DRA curves by these two kinds of strain are same. Then, the frictional sliding over the crack interfaces and grain boundaries in rocks are proposed as the mechanism of the rock DME in the low stress region. Based on this mechanism, a theoretical model using e

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本文主要介绍了形状记忆合金的形状记忆效应和超弹性的原理分析。
This paper has mainly described the principle analysis of shape memory effect of shape memory alloys and super-elasticity.

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以两类具有不同负性情绪强度值的高频汉语双字词为材料，采用项目法定向遗忘范式，探究负性情绪词语在外显和内隐记忆测验中是否存在定向遗忘效应。结果显示，（1）在外显记忆测验中，强、弱负性词均出现了显著的定向遗忘并且弱负性词的定向遗忘效应大于强负性词；（2）在内隐记忆测验中，只有弱负性词出现了显著的定向遗忘，而强负性词则无。可见，内隐记忆测验中的定向遗忘效应对负性信息比外显记忆测验更加敏感。
The experiment examined the directed forgetting effect of negative memories in explicit and implicit test by means of word method. We used two kinds of negative emotional words, negative ones and more negative ones, as materials. The results showed: 1) In the explicit memory tests, there was significant directed forgetting effect. And, the directed forgetting effect appeared in the negative emotional words was greater than that in the more negative ones. 2) In the implicit memory tests, there was also significant directed forgetting effect observed, but only in the negative emotional words. Accordingly, implicit memory test was more sensitive to the valence of the negative words than the explicit memory test.

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情绪记忆增强(Emotionally Enhanced Memory, EEM)效应受到刺激的唤醒度和效价的影响。Kensinger 等人提出依赖于唤醒的 EEM 效应与自动加工相联系,依赖于效价的 EEM 效应与控制加工相联系。然而现有研究并不能为这一假设提供充分的证据。本研究的三个实验采用学习--再认范式和 DA 范式(divided attention paradigm)相结合的方法,分别考察了在两种注意条件下依赖于唤醒和依赖于效价的EEM 效应在编码阶段的加工机制。结果发现,中性词、正性非唤醒词、负性非唤醒词在集中注意条件下的记忆再认成绩显著高于分散注意条件下的记忆再认成绩；正性唤醒词在集中注意条件下的记忆再认成绩也显著高于分散注意条件下的记忆再认成绩,但负性唤醒词的记忆再认成绩在两种注意条件下不存在显著差异。这表明依赖于效价的 EEM 效应与控制加工相联系,而依赖于唤醒的 EEM 效应并不总是与自动加工相联系,其加工还受到情绪效价的调节,对于负性刺激,依赖于唤醒的 EEM 效应与自动加工相联系；对于正性刺激,依赖于唤醒的EEM效应则与控制加工相联系。
The valence and arousal of emotional stimuli are thought to be the main factors affecting emotionally enhanced memory (EEM). A large body of neuroimaging evidence has indicated that there is a distinction between arousal dependent amygdala?hippocampal network implicated in automatic encoding processes and valence dependent prefrontal cortex (PFC)?hippocampal network implicated in controlled encoding processes. In a study, Kensinger and Corkin (2004) found that distinct cognitive and neural processes contributed to the enhancement of emotional memory for arousing versus valenced, nonarousing information. However, positiveemotional stimuli were not included in their experiments. Accumulating evidence has shown that negative and positive stimuli can involve different cognitive and neural processes, it is therefore that, more evidence, especially about the memory for positive emotional stimuli, is needed to make stronger claims about this hypothesis. Previous studies have proved that atten

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综述了光敏形状记忆聚合物的研究进展.主要关注了结构和形状记忆效应之间的关系.光敏形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆效应主要与聚合物的链结构、生色团的种类、生色团的含量、生色团的位置及聚合物体系所处的相态等因素有关.分别介绍了生色团位于聚合物侧链的光敏形状记忆聚合物、生色团位于主链的光敏形状记忆聚合物以及含生色团的有机小分子和聚合物经共混制得的光敏形状记忆聚合物体系.另外还介绍了一种新的光敏形状记忆聚合物体系,液晶弹性体.
The advances in photosensitive polymer and its shape memory effects are reviewed. The photoisomerization reaction of the photosensitive polymer and some factors that influence the shape memory effects, such as: the type of the Chromophore Group(CG),the chain structure of the polymer, the content of the CG, the position of the CG and the phase state of the polymer, are introduced. A novel photosensitive shape memory polymer, Liquid-Crystalline Elastomer is also introduced.

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在氚的在线监测过程中,为实现对氚化水蒸气的甄别测量和高浓度时记忆效应的消除,本文研制了一种用于实验现场的氚监测系统。该系统采用模块化设计,主要由弱电流测量模块、数据处理模块、氚化水蒸气甄别模块和记忆效应消除模块等组成。性能测试结果表明,系统稳定性满足使用要求,且具备较高的氚化水蒸气甄别能力和彻底的记忆效应消除能力。
During on line monitoring for tritium ,in order to monitor both HTO and HT ,and eliminate the memory effect at high concentration ,the system was developed for monitoring tritium at tritium experimental site .The system was modular in design , and mainly consisted of a weak current measurement module ,a data processing module , a tritiated water discriminating module and a memory effect eliminating module .The performance test show s that the stability of the system meets the requirement , the capacity for discriminating HTO is good and it can completely eliminate the memory effect .

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利用维氏四棱锥压痕方法，通过温度控制在NiTi合金中获得凸起?平整的双程形状记忆效应表面。通过研磨剥层法，发现随着消除深度的增加所获得的凸起高度和直径减小，在消除160μm深度后，表面凸起现象消失，并从理论上定量分析该深度所对应的临界应变大小。实验表明：双程形状记忆效应是通过对形状记忆合金进行温度?应变循环变形而获得。因此，可能存在一定的临界应变，在低于该应变时，材料不能表现双程形状记忆效应。
Two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) surface in NiTi was obtained using Vickers four-sided pyramidal indentation method, namely, the switchable surface between protrusions and flat state controlled by temperature. By gradual grinding off the deformed layer after indenting, the diameter and height of the protrusions decrease as increasing the removal layer. It is found that no protrusions are observed after 160 μm thick layer was removed. The critical microstrain at this depth is further theoretically calculated. It shows that TWSME can be obtained by means of thermomechanical training in shape memory alloys. Thus, there probably exists a critical microstrain, below which no TWSME will occur.

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记忆的自我参照效应实验范式，常被用来探讨自我概念长时记忆表征问题。不同于以往研究，本研究将作为记忆材料的人格词汇区分为两种性别特征，以此来探讨自我概念长时记忆表征的性别化问题。实验设计为2（被试：男性与女性）×2（编码方式：自我参照编码与语义编码）×2（记忆项目类别：男性特征人格词汇与女性特征人格词汇）的混合因素设计。首先，实验结果进一步验证了自我参照效应的存在。其次，研究发现男性被试对于男性特征人格词汇的自我参照效应，显著高于女性特征人格词汇；女性被试的情况正好相反。实验结果表明，自我概念长时记忆表征系统对那些与自我性别相一致的人格特征词汇有比较好的组织编码形式，反映出自我对性别的认同。
Using a memory paradigm, an experiment were conducted to investigate potential gender differences in the self-ref-erence effect, and to test whether the nature of representation of the self within long-term memory is different between two gender groups. The experiment was a 2 (subject) ×2 (material) ×2 (processing task) factorial design. The results of the experiment showed that the recall performance of self-reference task was significantly higher than that of semantic pro-cessing task, thus confirming the self-reference effect of memory processing. In the two encoding conditions, the recall performances about masculine and feminine traits have an interaction, that is, in the self-reference condition, men′s recall performance about masculine traits was more than that about feminine traits, women′s recall performance about feminine traits was more than that about masculine traits; while in the semantic processing condition, no matter for men or women, the recall performan

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为了研究时间对岩石应力记忆的影响,利用岩石试验机和SDAES数字声发射检测仪对2次加载时间间隔分别为2,7,15,30和45 d的片岩进行单轴压缩条件下的声发射Kaiser效应试验。试验结果表明:首次加载7 d后再次加载Kaiser效应明显,30 d后还可以观察到Kaiser效应,而45 d后Kaiser效应已难以辨认;随着首次加载与第二次加载间隔时间的增长,岩石Kaiser效应逐渐衰退;首次加载的应力水平影响岩石Kaiser效应的消退,介于岩石强度的30%~80%之间,岩石记忆先前应力的能力最好。
In order to study the influence of time on rock stress memory , an experimental study has been performed to investigate the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission on schist at time interval of 2 days, 7 days, 15 days, 30 days and 45 days between the first and second loading under the condition of uniax-ial compression, by making use of rock testing machine, as well as a testing apparatus of AE, SDAES. The test results show that with the increase of time interval between two loading cycles, Kaiser effect in rock gradually disappears and the effect is well-pronounced at time interval of 7 days and remains de-tectable within 30 days, while it is hard to be detected after more than 45 days. The stress level of the first loading affects the fade of Kaiser effect in rock, and rock’s memory ability of precious stress is the best when the stress level of the first loading is of between 30%to 80%of rock strength.

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