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双语推荐:试样制备

电子背散射衍射试样制备质量对其成像效果有重要的影响。电子背散射衍射试样制备方法已由传统的机械抛光、机械化学抛光和电解抛光发展到离子减薄、聚焦离子束和最新的截面抛光等。介绍了工业纯铁和PbTiO3微米粉末电子背散射衍射试样制备方法。
The preparation quality of electron backscatter diffraction ( EBSD ) sample will exert a significant influence on the imaging effect .The methods of preparing EBSD sample have developed from conventional mechanical , mechanical-chemical and electrolytic polishings to ion thinning , focused ion-beam and cross section polishing .The examples of preparing EBSD samples of pure iron and micro-level PbTiO 3 powder were introduced .

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纯钛金相试样采用碳化硅切割砂轮切割,胶态氧化硅和过氧化氢的混合物作为抛光液,采用专用抛光布MD-Chem在斯特尔自动研磨机上进行抛光。与其它纯钛金相制备的过程相比,本文介绍的制备方法能明显地缩短金相试样制备时间,提高了制备成功率。为了不改变纯钛中氢元素的含量和分布,金相试样采用冷镶嵌方法。过度剧烈的切割和磨光能使α相产生形变孪晶。
The metallographic specimen was machined by the special silicon carbide cut-off wheels and the polishing solution was a mixture of colloidal silica and hydrogen peroxide.The specimen was polished on the Struers''automatic grinding miller with the special MD-Chem polishing cloth.Compared with the preparation of metallographic specimen of pure titanium made by others, the passage described the process of metallographic specimen of pure titanium that can obviously shorten the time and improve the successful rate of the preparation. The metallographic specimen can be mounted in cold resin in order not to alter the hydride content and morphology.Aggressive sectioning and grinding procedures could be leadα-alloy to deformation twinning.

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以Fe、Al元素粉末为原料,采用粉末冶金法,通过偏扩散/反应合成烧结,制备FeAl金属间化合物多孔材料。通过XRD、SEM、EDS等表征手段,研究多孔试样烧结过程中基础元素的挥发及孔结构变化行为,并进行室温状态下的抗水腐蚀实验。结果表明,在1 000~1 300℃之间,随温度升高,试样在真空烧结过程中的质量损失率升高,在最终烧结温度为1 300℃、保温4 h的条件下,质量损失率为10.5%;而试样在氩气氛烧结过程中,随温度升高试样质量几乎没有变化;氩气氛烧结条件下制备的FeAl多孔材料的抗水腐蚀性能明显优于真空条件下制备的多孔试样。氩气氛条件下烧结制备FeAl金属间化合物多孔材料能够避免真空烧结过程中Al元素的挥发,从而有效提高FeAl金属间化合物多孔材料的抗水腐蚀性能。
Porous FeAl materials were prepared by powder metallurgy through partial diffusion and reactive synthesis using Fe、Al mixture powder as raw materials. The evaporation behavior of element and pore structure changes of porous FeAl were characterised by the XRD、SEM、EDS, and the experiments of water-corrosion-resistant were carried at the room temperature. The results show that the mass loss rate increases with increasing final sintering temperature from 1 000 ℃ to 1 300 ℃ under the vacuum sintering;the mass loss rate is 10.5%at the final vacuum sintering temperature of 1 300 ℃ and holding for 4h;However,the mass loss rate of porous FeAl little change with increasing final sintering temperature under argon atmosphere sintering. The water-corrosion-resistant properties of the fabricated porous FeAl under the argon atmosphere is better than those under the vacuum atmosphere. The evaporation of Al element of porous FeAl materials can be restrained successfully in the process o

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以La2 O3、CeO2和Sm2 O3为原料,采用高温固相反应法制备了Sm2 O3部分掺杂La2 Ce2 O7热障涂层陶瓷材料,其化学式为(SmxLa1-x)2Ce2O7.采用X射线衍射法研究了试样的物相结构,并通过对比各实验条件下制备试样的X射线衍射图谱,对试样的掺杂比例、烧制温度及烧制时间进行了探究.结果表明,所制备试样为萤石结构,当掺杂摩尔比Sm:La为1:2或1:3时试样均能保持良好的相结构,以掺杂摩尔比Sm:La=1:2制备的( Sm0.33 La0.67)2 Ce2 O7材料在1600℃下具有良好的相稳定性,且其最佳制备条件为1550℃下烧制10 h,该材料是一种很有潜力的新型热障涂层陶瓷材料.
Sm2 O3 partly doped La2 Ce2 O7 ceramic materials for thermal barrier coatings were prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction using La2O3, CeO2 and Sm2O3 as raw materials. Their chemical formula is (SmxLa1-x)2Ce2O7. The phase composition of the samples was studied by X-ray diffraction ( XRD) . The doping ratio, firing temperature and firing time were investigated by an XRD pattern contrast analysis of the samples made in different conditions. It is found that the sample with fluorite structure has been prepared, and it can maintain its phase structure when the doping molar ratio Sm:La is 1:2 or 1:3. As the doping molar ratio Sm:La is 1:2 at the firing temperature of 1550℃ for 10 h, the prepared ( Sm0. 33 La0. 67 ) 2 Ce2 O7 has a good phase stability at 1600℃. This material can be potentially used as a new material for ceramic thermal barrier coatings.

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目的:探讨不同制备条件对EH复合型骨水泥抗弯强度的影响。方法分别选择EH复合型骨水泥的不同粉/液比、不锈钢模具内充填后使用/未使用冲压器固定、试样加热/不加热3种不同条件制备试样,随后进行抗弯强度测试。结果不同的粉/液比中,6/4和10/7两组间的抗弯强度差异无统计学意义(P=0.05),其余组别之间有显著差异(P0.05)。结论当粉/液比为10/7、且使用冲压器固定条件下制备的EH复合型骨水泥试样,其抗弯强度可达到最大;对试样进行热处理,抗弯强度的变化不显著。
Objective To evaluate the effect of different preparation condition on the bending strength of EH composite bone cement. Method Three kinds of methods were used to prepare the EH composite bone cement:1) the samples were made by different ratio of powder/liquid;2) the samples were filled into the stainless steel mould and then fixed with/without the punch device;3) the samples were heated/not heated. And then, the bending strength of all samples were measured. Result In the case of different Powder/Liquid ratio, there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.05) in the bending strength between the 6/4 group and 10/7 group, while there were obvious differences (P 0.05) in bending strength between the sample with/without heat-treatment. Conclusion When the ratio of Powder/liquid agent was 10/7 and punch machine was used to fix the metallic mould, the EH composite bone cement had the best effect on the bending strength. More-over, heat-treatment had no obvious change on

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现在,金相分析在破坏性物理分析(DPA )和失效分析试验中的应用已越来越广泛。金相试样制备的质量直接影响着金相分析试验结果是否准确,在极端情况下,不正确的操作可能得到的并不是“真实界面”,从而得到错误的结论。所以,论文对隐藏在金相试样制备技术之后的科学展开研究。
Nowadays ,Metallographic analysis is widely used in the destructive physical analysis(DPA) and failure anal‐ysis .The quality of sample preparation directly affects the test results .In extreme cases ,incorrect operation may result in false interface ,so as to get the wrong conclusions .Therefore ,the science behind sample preparation is researched .

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制备了沥青质量分数分别为0.60和0.70的阳离子乳化沥青试样。采用旋转黏度计测定了不同温度和剪切速率下试样的表观黏度,拟合了试样的表观黏度与温度的关系,计算了试样流动的表观活化能。结果表明,在试验条件下,乳化沥青试样为假塑性流体,表观黏度与温度的关系可由幂律关系描述,表观活化能分别为22.607 4kJ/mol和31.363 7kJ/mol。
Cationic emulsions with asphalt concentration 0.60 and 0.70 in mass were prepared respectively.Shear viscosity of the emulsions was obtained at different temperature and shear rate by using a rotating viscometer.Relation between apparent viscosity and temperature data was fitted by functional relation,and the apparent activation energy was calculated based on the apparent viscosity measuring at different temperature.The results showed that the emulsions presented a pseudo-plasticity behavior.The relationship between apparent viscosity and temperature could be described by a power law relation.Apparent activation energy of the two emulsions was 22.607 4 kJ/mol and 31.363 7 kJ/mol,respectively.

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本文通过对齿科标准的理解,并且结合实际检测经验,重点介绍在齿科材料检测中应注意的几点问题,主要包括温湿度、环境光线、工装夹具、试样制备试样处理等。对规范齿科材料检验过程具有重要指导意义。
Through the understanding of dental standard, and combining with actual testing experiences, This paper focuses on some problems that should be paid at ention to in the dental material testing, mainly includes the temperature and humidity, ambient light, ifxtures, sample preparation, sample processing, etc.This paper has an important guiding signiifcance for the inspection process speciifcation of dental materials.

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以赣南稀土尾砂为主要原料,通过高温固相反应烧结制备了低膨胀堇青石陶瓷材料,研究了烧成温度对其物相组成、显微结构、烧成收缩、气孔率和体积密度、热膨胀系数和抗弯强度等的影响。结果表明,在1240-1340℃保温3h烧成可制备出多孔结构的堇青石陶瓷材料,其中1270℃烧成制备试样表现出最大气孔尺寸和气孔率及最小的体积密度。烧成温度提高有利于促进低膨胀的堇青石晶相合成,降低试样的热膨胀系数。烧成温度从1200℃提高到1240℃以上时,试样的抗弯强度明显降低。在1240-1340℃保温3 h烧成制备的多孔堇青石陶瓷材料的热膨胀系数和抗弯强度分别为3.1~3.6×10-6/℃和22.6-37.5 MPa。
Low expansion cordierite ceramic materials were prepared by high temperature reaction sintering, using rare earth tailings from South Jiangxi as the main raw materials. The inlfuences of sintering temperature on the phase composition, microstructure, linear shrinkage, porosity and bulk density, thermal expansion coefifcient (TEC) and lfexural strength of prepared cordierite ceramics were investigated. Results show that porous cordierite ceramic materials can be obtained sintered at 1240-1340℃for 3 h, and the sample sintered at 1270℃ has the maximum pore size and porosity and minimum bulk density. The increase in sintering temperature contributes to the synthesis of cordierite phase and thus lower TECs. The lfexural strength of prepared samples decrease signiifcantly with the sintering temperature increased from 1200℃ to more than 1240℃. The cordierite ceramic sintered at 1240-1340℃ for 3 h exhibit the TEC of 3.1-3.6×10-6/℃ and the lfexural strength of 22.6-37.5 MPa.

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提出一种新的激光焊接接头剪切强度测试方法:即将现有的两块板材、一条焊缝的试样制备方法,改变为四块板材、四条焊缝的试样制备方法。选取透明聚丙烯(PP)和不透明PP板条试样进行了验证性试验,按照两种塑料焊接强度测试方法在万能材料试验机上试验观测,对测量结果和数据进行和分析证明:双搭的焊接剪切强度测试方法因为没有附加力矩的作用,不会改变焊接面受力状态,因此在拉伸剪切过程中没有角度偏转,而单搭的测试方法存在附加力矩带来的角度偏转;在相同能量密度区间,测试得到的双搭剪切断裂强度值高于单搭焊接的试样的值。这是因为单搭焊接焊缝的断裂的是不同步的,而双搭焊接断裂是同步的。
An improved tensile shear strength testing method for plastic of laser transmission welding(LTW)is pro-posed.The single-lap weld with two sheets and one seam is changed into double-lap weld with four symmetrical sheets and four seams.Transparent Polypropylene (PP)and the opaque Polypropylene (PP)are jointed together by two methods,single-lap joint and double-lap joint.The tensile shear strength of the resultant samples is examined respec-tively.The comparative testing results show that,there is no deflection distortion in the weld seam of double-lap spec-imen without additional bending moments,while there is certain deflection distortion angle in single-lap joint,due to the additional bending moments in the tensile shearing test process.The test value of shearing strength of double-lap joint specimen is generally higher than single-lap joint in the same energy density range,because the single-lap joint seam fractures in the un-synchronous way,while the double-lap joint seam fractures i