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双语推荐：谋生

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培养大学生创新能力是当今高等教育中重要内容和目标,也是实施素质教育的最终目标。作为新世纪的大学生,创新能力将会是他们谋生和发展的重要条件,同时,培养大学生的创新能力也对高素质人才的培养具有重要意义。
Cultivating students’ ability of innovation is the important content and goal in today’s Higher Education, Also the implementation of the target of quality education. As the new century college students, will the innovation ability is an important condition for them to make a living and development? At the same time, The importance of cultivating students innovation is to cultivate high-quality talent.

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中国现代文学史上的一些乡土小说作品不仅展示了农民对城市生活的渴望,也写出了他们在城市谋生的物质与精神生活的痛苦,体现了作家对进城农民的悲悯情怀和道德批判意识,直接影响了当下的农民工书写。
The present focus on migrant farmer writing is closely related to the tradition o modern Chinese native literature. A part of the literature not only shows the farmers'' desires of urban living but also reveals their suffering in material and spiritual lives in the city. They reflect those writers'' sympathy of migrant farmers and their consciousness of moral critique, which directly influence the migrant farmer worker writing.

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阻隔于东南沿海的地理位置和对台海防的战略地位，使温州远离其他大都市，且很少得到国家的政策扶持，形成了温州区域文化中不等不靠、自强不息的特性；一面向海，为温州人开创了海外谋生的便利，形成了面向世界、勇闯天下的精神；贫瘠艰涩的物产条件，逼生出温州人多行业并举的治生方式和困境谋生的杂草精神；持续的移民迁入，为温州区域文化中融入了务实、生存能力强、抱团等因子。上述因素在形成温州区域文化特性中优点的同时，也滋生了诸如：缺乏大局、协作意识，无政府状态、个人作用突出，投机性、冒险性，虚荣心强、爱面子，奢侈之风盛行，物质利益至上，狭隘、讲人情、小团体意识等区域文化中劣根性的一面。
The geographical location separated in southeast coastal and the strategic position of barrier makes Wenzhou away from other cities, and rarely get supports from government, which form the characteristics of unremitting self-improvement in the regional culture of Wenzhou. Facing the sea, it is more convenience for them to live overseas and thus cultivates the spirit of venturing bravely in the world;due to barren property conditions, it makes Wenzhou people learn to tenaciously survive in dilemma conditions; continuing immigration brought the culture factors of dealing with concrete matters, strong ability of survival, etc. Besides the above advantages, some disadvantage are also formed, such as:poor consciousness of cooperation, anarchy, speculation, materialism, etc.

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职业教育正从传统的"工具性"谋生型教育转向"发展性"的适应性教育,培养就业者的职业核心能力已成为职业教育的发展趋势。该文分析了我国中职生核心能力的现状,探讨了其成因,提出了中职院校应加强构建职业核心能力课程体系,以培养适应新时代要求的毕业生。
Vocational education is transformed from the traditional living-making instrumental type of education to the "developmental"adaptation type of education .Developing workers''core professional competence has become the development trend of vocational education .This paper analyzes the status quo of secondary vocational school students''core competency in China and probes into its causes .The paper proposes that secondary vocational schools should strengthen the curriculum of core professional competence so as to produce graduates who can adapt to the new era .

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目前，黑龙江省批发市场的发展面临着严峻挑战。主要原因是运营模式存在问题：批发市场经营理念落后，管理模式较陈旧，交易主体、客体规模小，组织化程度不高，布局不合理。黑龙江省批发市场谋生存求发展，必须创新运营模式：打造专业批发市场，发展规模经济，树立品牌意识，培育品牌，致力差异化建设，建立完善的网络系统。
The wholesale markets in Heilongjaing province now are encountering severe challenges, mainly caused by the current opera-tion mode. The management ideas and modes of the wholesale markets are lagging, trading participants are less organized, their size are small, the layout of the wholesale markets is unreasonable. In order to survive and make progress, the wholesale markets in Heilongjiang should create new operation modes. Specialized wholesale markets should be built, the markets should develop scale economy, foster brands with brand awareness, strive to the develop differently, and set up a sound network system.

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随着人们基本生存问题的解决，个人的生存质量受到更多关注。目前，我国职业教育过度强调教育的谋生功能而忽视了人存在于世的更多追求。职业教育树立“乐生”的价值取向，全面提升人的生活品质，才能符合时代发展要求，使人的个性充分发展、价值得以彰显，使人生充满意义。
@@@@With the basic existence problems solved,the quality of personal life is being paid more and more attention to.At present,China’s vocational education overemphasizes its function on making a living but ignores the other aspects of people’s life. Therefore,China’s vocational education needs to set up a “joyful life” value orientation and to promote people’s life quality,which can meet the requirements of social development,promote personality development, highlight the value and make people’s life meaningful.

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明清时期,中原的采矿活动日趋活跃。究其原因,这与中原的矿产富饶易采,采矿之禁逐渐松驰,百姓谋生与谋利的推动,以及晚清人们反掠夺护矿权的需要等因素密切相关。中原的采矿活动大多符合百姓的利益,它日趋频繁是社会发展的必然,并对当地社会产生了深远影响。
The mining activities were increasingly active in the Central Plains in Ming and Qing Dynasty . The reasons were closely related to the following aspects :mineral resource was rich and easy to mine in Central Plains ;the mineral ban gradually relaxed ;the people wanted to make a living and gain profit , the people resisted plundering and sareguarded the mineral right in Later Qing Dynasty ,etc .The mining activities in the Central Plains mostly conformed to people''interests ,and increasingly mining was the inevitable result of social development ,w hich profoundly influenced on the local society .

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受复杂因素的影响，滇越边民跨境通婚多为未经国家法律承认的非法事实婚姻关系，但在民间社区，这种跨境通婚获得了“合法性”承认，为通婚家庭提供了在当地社区谋生的空间，这一矛盾使国家对边境地区的治理遭遇挑战，需要在经济、国际合作等多方面探索解决路径，并最终落脚于法治的具体应对措施。
Affected from complex factors, cross-border marriages between Yunnan and Vietnam borders are mostly not recognized by state law and considered illegally, on the other hand, in the folk community, such cross-border marriages won the "legitimacy" ,so those intermarried families were provided a living space during the local community, this contradiction makes the governance of border areas face challenges that required solutions on economic, international cooperation and other aspects, which eventually settled on the specific response measures of law.

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明治政府推行的一系列改革措施不仅使日本走上了资本主义的发展道路,也在一定程度上改变了女性的社会地位。岛崎藤村在长篇小说《家》中描写了各种女性形象,具有明显时代特征的"贤良型"知识女性、"屈从型"传统女性、"谋生型"劳动女性、"卖身型"贫困女性。通过这些女性形象可以了解当时日本女性的生活状况与社会处境,进而了解她们的社会地位。
The Meiji Government carried out a series of reforms, which not merely made Japan embark on a path of capitalism, but also changed women’s social status to a certain extent. Shimazaki Toson described various female images in his novel Ie, including the virtuous and intellectual women, the traditional family women, the working women, as well as those poor women who had to sell their bodies. Through these female images we can understand the living conditions of Japanese women’s at that time, and further know their status in the society.

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阜新地区煤炭开采历史长达百年之久，是一个典型的资源型城市。这座因煤而兴的城市累计为国家贡献煤炭7亿吨，发电2000亿千瓦时。然而从1980年代开始，当地企业因资源枯竭陆续关闭矿井，年产煤量中高峰时期的16007J‘吨锐减到800万吨。政府失去了税源，大量矿工下岗失业，百姓谋生成为严重的社会问题。同时，
Fuxin, as a typical resource-based city, has a coal mining history of one hundred years. However from the 1980s, local businesses closed mines due to resource depletion, a large number of miners were unemployed and people＇ s livelihood became a serious social problem. As early as 2001, the country approved Fuxin city to be the first pilot city in the economic transition of resource-based cities in Chinese history.

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