在设计太阳能真空玻璃谷物干燥装置的基础上,对其干燥工艺流程进行分析,建立谷物内部水分的流动模型,对谷物干燥循环过程中谷物的含水率进行模拟计算,试验研究与分析表明,干燥9个循环时间后,谷物的含水率达到14.036 8%,在12个循环之后,谷物含水率下降到12.974 1%,之后很难继续降低含水率。干燥效率最佳,谷物在仓内干燥最佳时间为2.57 h。

The paper introduces the process flow of solar energy and vacuum glass grain drying equipment. Research on the water flow model of inside grain. Calculate grain moisture content about each drying cycle. Researches show that grain moisture content falls below 14.036 8%after nine drying loops,and falling below 12.974 1%after twelve drying loops,and It is hard to continue to reducing the moisture. Calculated the dry-ing time is 2.57 hours.

谷物种子发芽过程中,会产生一系列生理生化变化,一些功能成分如γ–氨基丁酸、游离氨基酸、酚类物质的含量将会提高,从而提高谷物的功能活性。该文结合国内外有关发芽谷物的研究,分别对糙米、豆类、燕麦、薏米4种谷物在发芽过程中营养成分的变化进行综述,从而为谷物深度利用提供依据。

During germination process,cereal seed will produce a series of physiological and biochemical changes. Some function components such as γ-aminobutyric acid,free amino acids and phenols were increased,so the functional activities of grain were improved. According to the domestic and foreign studies on the germination of grains,we made a review on the changes of nutritional compositions in brown rice,beans,oats,coix seeds,respectively,during germination process,which will provide a basis for the depth using of grain.

根据UN COMTRADE数据库数据和WTO数据库数据,对1995—2012年中国谷物贸易及其国际竞争力演变趋势进行研究。分析结果表明:中国谷物贸易在1995一2008年以净出口为主,但从2009年起转为净进口且净进口量持续增加,各类谷物贸易近年来也都已处于净进口状态且净进口量也均在不断增加;中国谷物进口产品结构与出口产品结构均存在显著的阶段性变化特征,近年来,小麦、大麦和玉米是主要进口谷物,玉米和稻米是主要出口谷物;中国谷物进口市场主要集中于美国、澳大利亚、加拿大、泰国、越南和法国,出口市场主要集中于朝鲜、韩国、日本、中国香港、印度尼西亚和马来西亚等东亚国家和地区;中国谷物在2008年以前曾具有国际竞争力,但此后已不具有国际竞争力;中国小麦和大麦一直都不具有国际竞争力,玉米和稻米曾具有国际竞争力,而近年来也已不具有国际竞争力。

Based on the data from UN COMTRADE DATABASE and WTO DATABASE,this paper ana-lyzes the evolution tendency of Chinese cereals trade and its international competitiveness from 1995 to 2012.The result shows that,Chinese cereals trade is net export-oriented from 1995 to 2008,and net im-port-oriented from 2009 to 2012 and net imports of cereals continues to increase.In recent years,Chi-nese cereals trade has also been in a net importer status,and the import amount has been on the in-crease.The commodity structures of Chinese cereal import and export both show remarkable periodical variation;and in recent years,the main imported cereals are wheat,barley and maize,and the main ex-ported cereals are maize and rice.Chinese major cereals import markets are USA,Australia,Canada, Thailand,Vietnam and France,and export markets are East Asian countries/regions,including North Korea,South Korea,Japan,China Hong Kong SAR,Indonesia and Malaysia.Chinese cereals once had international competitiveness befo

对酒精勾兑白酒、非谷物原料白酒的发展历史进行了回顾;对涉及和关联酒精勾兑白酒、非谷物原料白酒的标准进行了分析。针对酒精勾兑白酒、非谷物原料白酒未来的发展趋势提出了见解。

The development history of alcohol-blending liquors and non-grain-produced liquors were reviewed. The standards related to alco- hol-blending liquors and non-grain-produced liquors were analyzed. And the development trend of alcohol-blending liquors and non-grain-pro- duced liquors were described in this paper. （Tran. by YUE Yang）

青稞是我国藏区特有的传统谷物资源，因其独特的营养成分和保健功能而获得广泛关注。随着全谷物食品在人类膳食结构中的重要性被重新认识，青稞全谷物食品研发的意义凸显。该文主要介绍了青稞中特有的功能因子、营养成分及保健功能的开发前景。

Tibetan hull–less barley is the traditional grain resources in Tibet area,gaining widespread attention becauseof its unique functionsof nutrition and health. With the importanceof whole grain foods in human dietary structure to be re-understood,the significanceof research and developmentof Tibetan hull–less barley as a whole grain food becomes more and more important.This article mainly introduced the unique function factors,healthy functionof Tibetan hull–less barley and its development prospect as a whole grain food.