当前广大情报工作者大多还未认识到逻辑推理失误的存在及其严重后果,这极大地损害了情报分析的质量。阐述了逻辑推理在情报分析中的作用,探讨了情报分析中存在的主要逻辑推理误区及其产生原因。在此基础上从教育、制度、资源整合以及历史借鉴等4个方面提出了克服逻辑推理误区的针对性建议,以期提高情报分析工作中逻辑推理的质量。

Under the influence of many factors, now most intelligence analysts are still not aware of the existence of logical reasoning er-rors and their severe consequences, which would severely damage the quality of intelligence analysis. This paper clarifies the roles of logi-cal reasoning in intelligence analysis, and explores the main logical reasoning errors existing in intelligence analysis and the main reasons. On this basis, it puts forward some suggestions to avoid logical reasoning errors from the aspects of education, institution, resource integra-tion, and implications from intelligence failures, so as to improve the quality of the logic reasoning in intelligence analysis.

公务员应该具备良好的逻辑推理能力,逻辑推理有多种,而针对词语关系的类比推理是其中较为重要的一种。测试这种推理能力的题型大致有两种：一组完整词语和两组缺省词语。词语之间的关系可能体现在逻辑层面,也可能体现在语言层面,还可能体现在常识对应层面。解题技法主要有遣词造句法和纵横对比法。

Civil servants should have a good ability of logical inference ability.There are many types of logical reasoning,but the analogical reasoning for the relationships between words is one of the more essential.There are probably two varieties of item type examining the category of inference ability:One complete set of words and two sets of missing words.The words relationship may be reflected in the logical level,or be manifested in the language level and be expressed in the corresponding level of common sense.There are primarily two methods of solving examination problems:other method is combining words and making sentences and the other is making comparisons in longitudinal and horizontal level.

在已有文献的基础上,将某些逻辑推理问题化为线性方程或线性不等式,利用线性代数知识进行求解,得到了一些有用结果,有利于求解过程的简化.

Based on the existing literature,some logical reasoning problem into linear equations or linear inequalities, is solved by using the knowledge of linear algebra.Some useful results is obtained,and the solving process is simplified beneficially.

到目前为止，填空等试题的计算机评分方法，基本上是利用评分关键字与考生的答案匹配进行评分，评分结果并不理想。由于考生的答案多种多样，存在着不一致（inconsistent）或不确定（uncertain）的问题。R．Reiter 缺省逻辑（default logic）推理可以有效地解决在不一致或不确定的情况下进行逻辑推理的问题。在 N．D．Belnap 四值逻辑的基础上，可将经典缺省逻辑推理推广到四值逻辑的双格结构上。将四值缺省推理应用到填空等试题的评分方法中，可使填空等试题的评分结果更加准确和科学。

So far,the grading methods of filling in the blanks and other topics are almost by matching keywords of grading with answers of examinee,and the results of grading are not satisfactory.Due to the answers of examinee with diversity, there are inconsistent or uncertain problems.The default reasoning by R.Reiter can effectively solve the problems of rea-soning in the case of inconsistency or uncertainty.On the basis of four -valued logic by N.D.Belnap,the classic default logical reasoning can be extended to four -valued.The default reasoning based on four -valued can be used to grade filling in the blanks and other topic,so as to make the results of grading more accurate and scientific.

本文采用文献资料法、逻辑推理法,对江苏省高中生体育锻炼现状进行深入研究分析。已见研究成果主要集中在高中体育锻炼体育锻炼目的、体育锻炼项目、参加锻炼的频度和时间与体育锻炼态度行为及相关因素等几个方面。

This article uses the literature material method, logic method, in- depth research and analysis about the present situation of jiangsu province high school students physical exercise. Research results are mainly concentrated in the high school physical training purpose physical exercise, physical exercise program, to participate in the exercise frequency and exercise attitude and time behavior and related factors in such aspects as, for jiangsu province high school students to lay a good foundation for the further study of the physical exercise.