我国耕地土壤酸化程度和面积呈上升趋势。介绍了土壤酸化的概念、危害以及成因，从施肥和栽培方式两个方面分析了土壤酸化的预防措施，最后提出了治理土壤酸化的一系列方法。

Degree and area of acidify-ing arable land in China show the trend of increase in the recent years. Concepts, damages and causes of soil acidification were introduced, preventive measures for soil acidification were analyzed from the perspective of fertilization and cultiva-tion, a series of measures for controlling soil acidification were proposed.

介绍了大庆油田酸化技术的发展史和技术现状,对大庆油田几年来酸化液腐蚀性检验中出现的问题及现象进行介绍和分析,对缓蚀剂用量不合理和点蚀的危害性进行阐述,同时介绍了目前常用单一型和复配型缓蚀剂、缓蚀剂适用酸化液类型及缓蚀剂适用井别,并对缓蚀剂用量、酸化液添加剂的选用、酸化液配制及监督等提出几点建议。对进一步提高大庆油田的酸化液产品质量,减少对地层造成的二次伤害,提高施工设备和管柱的使用寿命,减少施工事故,提高酸化液产品的性价比等,具有一定的指导意义。

After an introduction to the developing history and technological status of acidifying technology in Daqing Oilfields, an analysis focuses on the problems and phenomenon existing in the corrosive inspection of acidifying fluid in Daqing oilfields in the past few years. While explaining the irrational usage of inhibitor and the hazard of pitting corrosion, the paper also introduces the current commonly-used single type and mixed type of inhibitors, the acidifying fluid types that inhibitor adapts to and the well kinds that inhibitor adapts to. Then several suggestions are put forward about the dosage of inhibitors, the selection of acidifying fluid addi- tives, the mixing of acidifying fluid and supervision. This study is of instructive significance in improving the quality of acidifying fluid products, reducing the second hazard caused by the stratum, increasing the service life of construction device and pipes,cutting down the construction accidents and raising the performance price r

对物理选矿和化学选矿得到的两种稀土粗精矿进行低温酸化工艺研究，通过正交和单因素实验研究酸矿比(浓硫酸与稀土精矿的质量比)、酸化时间、酸化温度以及液固比对稀土浸出效果的影响。结果表明，酸矿比、酸化时间和酸化温度对稀土粗精矿稀土浸出率的影响显著，最佳条件如下：酸矿质量比1.8：1(精矿Ⅰ)和0.9：1(精矿Ⅱ)，酸化时间2.0 h(精矿Ⅰ)和3.0 h(精矿Ⅱ)，酸化温度150℃。在优化的酸化和浸出条件下，稀土的浸出率分别为90.42%(精矿Ⅰ)和91.35%(精矿Ⅱ)。为研究影响稀土溶出的因素，采用MLA工艺矿物学自动检测系统对优化条件下两种粗精矿酸化浸出后的残渣进行矿物组分的定性分析，证明稀土与硫酸钙形成了复杂难溶硫酸复盐，这是影响稀土浸出率的关键因素。

A decomposition process for two rare earth rough concentrates obtained by physical and chemical floatation at low temperature was investigated. The effects of ratio of acid to concentrate (mass ratio of sulfuric acid to RE concentrate), acidification duration, acidification temperature and liquid-to-solid ratio on the leaching rate of rare earth concentrates were investigated by the orthogonal test and single factor test. The results show that mass ratio of concentrate to acid, acidification duration and acidification temperature have significant effects on the leaching rate of the rare earth concentrates, and the optimum conditions are as follows:mass ratio of concentrate to acid of concentratesⅠandⅡare 1.8:1 and 0.9:1, respectively, durations of concentratesⅠandⅡare 2.0 and 3.0 h, respectively, temperatures are both 150 ℃. Under the optimized leaching conditions, the rare earth leaching rates of concentrates Ⅰ and Ⅱ are 90.42%and 91.35%, respectively. The process min

为研究酸化油生物柴油作为车用柴油机代用燃料的可行性,对高压容器内酸化油生物柴油的碰壁现象进行了试验研究,分析了碰壁距离和碰壁角度对酸化油生物柴油碰壁过程的影响。试验结果表明:酸化油生物柴油碰壁后油束形态与柴油相似,与柴油相比,酸化油生物柴油的扩散直径和卷吸高度略大;随碰壁入射角的增大,酸化油生物柴油雾注上游半径减小,下游半径增大,卷吸高度变化不大,近壁区油气卷吸运动加强;随着碰壁距离的增加,酸化油生物柴油喷雾体的扩散直径和卷吸高度有所减小,近壁区油气卷吸运动减弱。

In order to study the feasibility of using acidic oil biodiesel as the alternative fuel for vehicle diesel engine ,the im‐pingement phenomenon in high pressure vessel was researched and the influences of impingement distance and angle on impinge‐ment process were analyzed .The results show that the fuel beam of acidic oil biodiesel has the same shape as that of diesel after impingement .Compared with diesel ,the diffusion diameter and entrainment height of acidic oil biodiesel are slightly larger . With the increase of impingement incidence angle ,the radius of spray upstream and downstream for the acidic oil biodiesel de‐crease and increase respectively and the mixture entrainment near the wall strengthened with little change of entrainment height .With the increase of impingement distance ,the spray diffusion diameter and entrainment height decrease and the mix‐ture entrainment near the wall weakens .

将多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）进行酸化处理并填充到环氧树脂（EP）／玄武岩纤维（BF）复合材料中，制备了一种新型酸化MWCNTs填充EP／BF复合材料。研究了酸化MWCNTs对EP／BF复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析了MWCNTs酸化前后表面官能团的变化，使用摩擦磨损机测试了酸化MWCNTs填充EP／BF复合材料的摩擦磨损性能，并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合材料的磨损表面的微观形态进行了表征。结果表明，酸化MWCNTs能够有效地提高EP／BF复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。在EP／BF复合材料中填充质量分数为1．5％的酸化MWCNTs，能够使EP／BF复合材料的摩擦系数降低28．57％，磨损率降低51．37％。

Multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNTs) were treated by acid mixtures and then filled in epoxy resin(EP)/basalt fiber(BF) composites,a novel EP/BF composites filled with acid treated MWCNTs was prepared to investigate the effects of acidified MWCNTs on the friction and wear properties of the composites. The changes of surface properties of MWCNTs were investigated using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),and the ring-on-block type wear tests were performed to evaluate the frictional and wear properties of the composites,then the surface fracture morphology of the composites were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Results show that MWCNTs can improve the wear resistance and reduce the friction coefficient of the composites. The mass fraction of acidified MWCNTs is 1.5%,the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites are reduced by 28.57%and 51.37%comparing with that of pure EP/BF composites respectively.