以丁二酸、丁二醇为原料,通过对不同端基的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)进行合成和降解,研究了羟基封端、羧基封端和等摩尔比的PBS在堆肥土土壤悬浮液中的降解情况。通过检测降解过程中失重率的变化及降解前后薄膜表面形貌的变化,得出不同端基结构PBS的降解性能。

Poly(butylene succinate) with different end-groups were synthesized by succinic acid (SA) and bu-tanediol ( BD) and were degraded with composting soil suspension.The polymers were observed by weight-loss rati-o and surface morphology.The results showed the degradation of PBS with different end-groups.

目的研究云厚朴醇提物中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚在贮放、浓缩、干燥工序中的降解规律。方法通过高效液相色谱法测定云厚朴醇提物中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚在不同贮放、浓缩、干燥条件下的含量变化,得出降解规律。结果云厚朴醇提液在室内常温下贮放20天,和厚朴酚、厚朴酚含量基本不变;云厚朴醇提液在60℃浓缩和干燥,厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的降解动力学符合零级反应,在100℃降解较快。结论云厚朴醇提液在室温下贮放20天基本稳定,但是不能长时间在高温条件下浓缩、干燥,以免有效成分损失,在100℃干燥时降解较快,制剂生产中应避免醇提液长时间高温干燥、浓缩。

Objective To study degradation law of magnolol and honokiol in the ethanol extraction of magnolia rostrata during storage , concentrating and drying .Methods To find the law of degradation , the contents of magnolol and honokiol were tested by high performance liquid chromatography under stor -age, concentrating and drying conditions .Results The content of magnolol and honokiol in the ethanolextraction remained almost the same within 20 days when kept indoors .The degradation reactions of magno-lol and honokiol were zero-order when concentrating at 60℃and drying .When drying at 100℃, the rate of degradation was faster .Conclusion Magnolol and honokiol in the ethanol extraction are almost stable within 20 days when kept indoors , but can not be dried and concentrated longer under higher temperature . The rate of degradation is faster when drying at 100℃.In order to ensure the preparation quality , higher temperature and longer time should be avoided during drying and conce

采用密闭微波技术对7种常见人参皂苷单体（Rb1,Rb2,Rb3,Rc,Rd,Re和Rg1）进行降解,通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析并与相同条件下非微波降解物对比,研究了密闭微波降解人参皂苷的产物在化学结构及组成上的变化规律,以期快速、高效地制备生物活性高的稀有人参皂苷.结果表明,密闭式微波降解法能够使常见人参皂苷基本降解完全,而相同条件下非微波降解法则基本不发生降解.原人参二醇型人参皂苷易水解掉C20位糖,并发生C20位构型变化,生成20（R）-Rg3和20（S）-Rg3,其中20-（R）为优势构型,C20位羟基进一步脱水产生稀有人参皂苷Rk1和Rg5.同时,20（S/R）-Rg3失去C3位的1分子葡萄糖转化为20（S/R）-Rh2,C20位羟基再进一步脱水生成了Rk2和Rh3.此外,人参皂苷C20位所连的糖种类与构型影响了降解产物中各稀有皂苷的组成与比例,但7种原人参二醇型人参皂苷密闭式微波降解产物中Rg5含量均为最高.密闭式微波降解对原三醇型人参皂苷的转化作用与原二醇型人参皂苷具有相似的规律,人参皂苷Re和Rg1的密闭式微波降解产物中Rh4含量均为最高.本文结果进一步说明在相同的降解条件下,密闭式微波降解法的降解效率远高于高温高压非微波降解法,密闭式微波降解可明显促进常见人参皂苷向稀有人参皂苷转

In order to prepare the rare ginsenosides which were considered to have higher bioactivities, con-fined microwave method to promote the degradation of 7 kinds of major ginsenosides ( Rb1 , Rb2 , Rb3 , Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1 ) to rare ginsenosides were adopted. Comparing with the degradation products of non-microwave method at the same condition, the rules of conversion about the structures and ingredients of degradation products were concluded by HPLC analysis. The results indicated that confined microwave method can com-pletely degrade all the major ginsenosides, while nearly no major ginsenosides can be degraded under the same condition of non-microwave method. Protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides were easily deglycosylated at C20, where the conformational changes would take place. It would generate 20 ( S )-Rg3 and 20 ( R )-Rg3 among which the R-type was the superior configuration. Dehydration effect of the hydroxyl at C20 made 20(S/R)-Rg3 convert to Rk1 and Rg5, meanwhile the losin

从生产乙草胺的农药厂排污口污泥中分离到-株乙草胺降解菌，命名为DC-6。根据形态特征、生理生化特性以及16SrDNA系统发育分析，初步鉴定其为鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas sp．）。该菌能够降解甲草胺、乙草胺和丁草胺，而对于异丙甲草胺、丙草胺和异丙草胺却没有任何降解效果，48h对丁草胺、乙草胺和甲草胺的降解率分别为76．7％、93．6％和98．6％，对甲草胺的降解效率最高，而对丁草胺的降解效率最低，表明侧链烷基长短影响着该类除草剂的降解速率，随着侧链基团碳原子的增加以及支链的增多降解效率呈下降的趋势。通过气相色谱-质谱鉴定了该菌降解乙草胺的代谢产物并分析了乙草胺的代谢途径，发现乙草胺首先N-脱烷基形成2-氯-N-（2-乙基-6-甲基苯基）乙酰胺（CMEPA），然后水解生成苯胺衍生物2-乙基-6．甲基苯胺（MEA），MEA能够进一步完全降解。但苯胺类化合物降解途径中的关键酶苯胺双加氧酶没有参与MEA降解代谢，表明菌株DC-6对MEA的降解不同于已报道苯胺降解途径。

An acetochlor herbicides-degrading strain, designated as DC-6, was isolated from activated sludge of the wastewater outfall of a factory from Kunshan City. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence, the strain was identified preliminarily as Sphingomonas sp.. Strain DC-6 could degrade alachlor,acetochlor and butachlor, but could not degrade metolachlor, pretilachlor and propisochlor. Within 48 hours of incubation, about 76. 7% of butachlor, 93. 6% of acetochlor and 98?6% of alachlor were degraded by strain DC-6, respectively. The degradation rates followed the order of alachlor >acetochlor > butachlor. These results indicated that the factors influencing the biodegradability of these herbicides were the length and complicated of amide nitrogen?s alkoxymethyl:the longer and more complicated the alkyl was, the slower the degradation efficiencies occurred. The pathway of acetochlor degradation was eluci

研究了云南滇池水华蓝藻细胞中微囊藻毒素(MCs)的分析和鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05在细胞水平和酶水平下对MC-YR、RR和LR的生物降解.结果表明,云南滇池水华蓝藻细胞中MC-YR、RR和LR的含量分别为0.16,0.96,0.47mg/g.在初始浓度分别为19.5mg/LMC-YR、79.5mg/L MC-RR和43.6mg/L MC-LR下,鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05在2d内可将上述3种MCs全部降解,鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05粗酶液可以以更快的速率对MC-YR、MC-RR和MC-LR进行高效酶催化降解,在10h内可以将初始浓度分别为14.8mg/L MC-YR、28.4mg/L MC-RR和19.5mg/L MC-LR全部降解.同时发现了MC-YR降解过程中的2个中间和1个最终代谢产物.

The contents of microcystins (MCs) in dry cyanobacterial cells taken from Dianchi Lake and the biodegradation of MC-YR, RR and LR by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 at the cellular and enzyme levels were studied. The contents of MC-YR, RR and LR in dry cyanobacterial cells were 0.16, 0.96 and 0.47mg/g, respectively. Initial concentrations of 19.5mg/L MC-YR, 79.5mg/L MC-RR and 43.6mg/L MC-LR were completely biodegraded by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 within 2d. Further studies indicated that MC-YR, RR and LR could also be biodegraded in more rapid rates by crude enzymes of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05, and initial MC-YR, RR and LR of 14.8, 28.4, 19.5mg/L were completely removed within 10h, respectively, and two intermediate and one final products were found during the biodegradation process of MC-YR catalyzed by the crude enzymes of USTB-05.