隐喻被传统的语言学认为是一种语言形式的修饰,语言装饰的手段,根据心理学和认知语言学的研究,隐喻不仅仅是语言形式的修饰,它还是认知的映射和概念的反映。人们通过隐喻能更加清楚得理解抽象概念,表达其真实含义。本文从认知语言学与语言和隐喻的关系出发,研究隐喻认知的本质并分类阐释了隐喻语言,进而说明隐喻语言在生活中的重要作用。

Metaphor is regarded as a rhetoric of language forms and a means of rhetorical language by traditional linguistics.According to the researches of cognitive linguistics and psychology,metaphor is not only a rhetoric of language forms but a reflection on languge cognition and concepts.Humanbeings could understand the abstract concepts and express their right meanings easierly by using metaphor languages.This paper starts from the relations between cognitive linguistics and language and metaphor to study on the nature of metaphor.It also explains the metaphorical language according to its classification to emphasize the important functions of metaphorical languages in our daily life.

人体隐喻是隐喻的一种方式，是人类认识和感知世界的一种重要途径。人体隐喻通常隐藏于人类认知和思维的背后，是深处认知思维在词汇层面上的具体体现。从隐喻的定义和认知本质出发，考察了人体隐喻的特点及其认知本质，比较了英汉两种语言中人体隐喻的映射方式，并结合英汉语料，考察了英汉人体隐喻的映射情况和对应程度。

As one type of metaphors,human body metaphor is an important way for human beings’ cognition and perception of the outside world.Body metaphorized words are the concrete lexical reali-zation of thoughts of human vividly hidden in the depths of their mind.This article first investigates the characteristics and cognitive nature of body metaphor and then compares the mapping mode of hu-man body metaphors in English and Chinese,finally it studies the mapping situation and relevance of body metaphor in English and Chinese with linguistic data.

隐喻翻译认知体验论立足隐喻认知性质,强调隐喻生成的心理基础和理解的心理机制,认为隐喻翻译即源喻认知体验的确证,社会、文化、文本语境和译者认知能力决定翻译策略。修辞同一理论却认为,隐喻翻译是通过同一劝说受话对象参与合作的修辞行为。文章根据修辞同一理论,从同一角度考察隐喻创造性把握歧义、晦涩、矛盾的方式,和隐喻创生新知识、推进新认识、诱发新行动的修辞功能,提出隐喻认知体验的确证仅是译者修辞同一的一种选择,引导合作才是最终目的,因此,隐喻翻译应采取修辞同一视角。

The rhetorical theory of identification views metaphor translation as a rhetorical persuasion of participation and cooperation by means of identification. From this perspective, this article discusses the creative ways in which metaphor deals with ambiguity, paradox and irony, explores its rhetorical functions of creating knowledge, promoting understanding and inducing cooperation, and proposes that cooperation-induction ultimately determines strategy choices, cognitive-experience confirmation being but one possibility of the translator’s identification. It concludes that metaphor translation should adopt the rhetorical approach.

钱钟书的隐喻理论中有不太为我们所注意的一面,他认为,隐喻具有十分重要的认知功能,人类赖以思维的范畴、概念,都建筑在隐喻之上;我们对于世界的认识,不过是一种比喻、象征的、像煞有介事的(als ob)、诗意的认识。这一认知隐喻观无疑是我国认知隐喻思想的滥觞。德国思想家费英格《虚构哲学》(Philosophie des Als Ob)中的隐喻观对钱钟书认知隐喻思想产生了直接的影响。

Some points in Qian Zhongshu’s metaphor theory have not been the central focus of study .According to Qian Zhongshu ,metaphor has very important cognitive functions ,on which man’s thinking categories and concepts are based .Our understanding of the world is actually a metaphoric ,symbolic ,Als Ob poetic cognition .The cognitive view of metaphors is the origin of Chinese cognitive metaphoric thoughts .The metaphoric view in Philosophie des Als Ob by the German thinker ,Vaihinger has a direct impact on the cognitive metaphoric thought of Qian Zhongshu .

作为人类的一种思维方式和认知手段，隐喻普遍存在于人类语言中。本文简要地介绍了隐喻的认知机制，提出了事物之间的相似性是隐喻产生的关键，然后从人类认知的视角对网络流行语中的隐喻进行了简析，以使人们能更好地理解和运用隐喻。

As a mode of thought and cognition, metaphor exists in human language prevalently. With the aim of having a better understanding of metaphor, this paper aims to introduce briefly its cognitive mechanism, pointing out that the similarity between different things is the key to its existence, and give a brief analysis on it in internet slangs from the perspective of human cognition.