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双语推荐：雌虫

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应用飞行磨检测和记录空心莲子草叶甲的飞行速度和持续时间,结果显示所测定的空心莲子草叶甲Agasicles hygraphila多数只作短时间的反复飞行(1s至3min),仅3%的雌虫和1%的雄虫飞行持续时间大于3min,最长可达1.51h。雌虫飞行持续时间显著长于雄虫。雄虫的飞行速度为27.72cm·s-1,雌虫的飞行速度为23.07cm·s-1,雄虫飞行速度显著快于雌虫。
The flight performance (speed and duration) of adult alligator flea beetle (Agasicles hyraphila) was studied by applying the flight mill .Our results showed that there is only a short period ( 3 min) .Meanwhile ,the flight duration of female adults was longer than that of males and the longest was recorded at 1.51 h by a male adults .Furthermore ,the average speed of female and male was 23.07 cm · s-1 and 27.72 cm · s-1 respectively .Our results indicate that the flight speed of males is faster .

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为研究交配对扶桑绵粉蚧雌虫发育及产卵的影响，比较了不同交配条件下扶桑绵粉蚧雌虫的寿命、产卵习性和产卵量。结果表明，交配对扶桑绵粉蚧雌虫的卵巢发育和产卵有促进作用。与延迟交配的扶桑绵粉蚧相比，正常交配的扶桑绵粉蚧雌虫卵巢内总产卵量、孕卵期、产卵期和首次产卵量均显著提高；而未经交配的雌虫体内的卵细胞不能受精。延迟交配的雌虫可以通过对营养的重新分配延长自身寿命，一旦发生交配，体内生理发生重导向可再次产卵，产卵量显著低于正常交配雌虫。
To study the effects of mating status on development and oviposition in female mealybugs, Phenacoccus so-lenopsis.We compared the longevity, ovarian development and number of eggs laid in Phenacoccus solenopsis under different mating status.The results showed that in Phenacoccus solenopsis, mating stimulated ovarian development and oviposition.Mated Phenacoccus solenopsis females had higher total number of eggs laid, duration of gestation, duration of reproduction and number of eggs laid in the first clutch compared to delay-mated females.When grown into oviposi-tion period, unmated females could not develop into the embryonic phase and laid few eggs.Delay-mated females could make a trade-off between maintenance and reproduction by a nutritional rearrangement, which indicated that females would resorb the resources from eggs for a longer survival when they couldn''t get mated.Once mated, females would lay eggs, and their physiological state got reset, but the number of eggs l

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在3个不同水稻品种上，研究江西南昌晚稻田内两索线虫对不同翅型和性别褐飞虱的寄生能力。结果表明：在同一水稻品种上，两索线虫对不同类型褐飞虱的寄生率之间存在显著差异，其寄生率的大小顺序为：短翅型雌虫＞长翅型雌虫＞短翅型雄虫＞长翅型雄虫。其中，在短翅型雌虫体内，最高寄生率达45.16%；而在长翅型雄虫体内，最低寄生率仅为2.15%。在水稻品种株两优120上，两索线虫对短翅型雌虫的寄生数量达3头的占9.68%，对短翅型雌虫和长翅型雌虫寄生有2头的分别占6.45%和8.33%；在丰华占和合美（丰）上，对短翅型雌虫寄生数量最多为2头，寄生率分别为5.25%和4.35%；对不同类型褐飞虱的寄生数量为1头的均较高。可见，两索线虫对田间褐飞虱种群具有较强的寄生能力，可有效抑制褐飞虱的发生与危害。
The parasitic capacities of Amphimermis sp. to Nilaparavata lumens (Stal) were investigated into three kinds of rice varieties planted in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. The results showed that the parasitic rates of different wing types and genders of N. lumens had significant difference at each rice variety, and that the order of the parasitic rates showed as follows:brachypterous females (BF)>macropterous females (MF)>brachypterous males (BM) > macropterous males (MM). Among them, the highest parasitic rate of BF was 45.16%, but the lowest parasitic rate of MM was only 2.15%. The parasitic rate of BF with 3 nematodes in body was 9.68%, and those of BF and MF with 2 nematodes were 6.45%and 8.33%, respectively, at the rice variety Zhuliangyou 120, but the parasitic rates of BF with 2 nematodes were 5.25%and 4.35%at the rice varieties Feng hua zhan and He mei zhan, respectively. Generally, the parasitic rate with just l nematode was higher than that with 2 or 3 nematodes. All the data abov

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[目的]尽管一雌多雄在瓢虫科中常见,但各研究中获得的数据不足以解释雌虫多次交配和一雌多雄的一般适应性意义或适合度后果.本研究以温度为胁迫因子,旨在评价一雌多雄的某些益处(如增加的适合度)是否可传递给后代.[方法]本研究检测了黄斑盘瓢虫Coelophora saucia(Mulsant)3种交配处理中的适合度:一雌一雄(与同一雄虫交配5次,1次/d),先后一雌多雄(与5头不同的雄虫依次交配5次,即每天与新的雄虫交配1次),以及同时一雌多雄(放进5头雄虫,任由雌虫选择雄虫,交配5次,1次/d).观察了各交配处理不同温度下(25,27和30℃)繁殖力、卵的育性、后代发育和存活.[结果]结果表明,经历一雌多雄然后进行交配选择或竞争的雌性的繁殖能力最强,后代能在更广温度范围内最好地适应发育和存活.但先后一雌多雄交配的雌性与一雌一雄交配的雌性的繁殖能力相似.[结论]结果说明,在无交配选择或雄性竞争的条件下,一雌多雄的益处不明显.这可能是由于在依次射精的雄性间存在精子竞争,或由于雌性的隐性选择.据我们所知,本研究中观察发现的无交配选择时不表现一雌多雄的益处的现象,之前在昆虫中未观察到过.
[Aim] Although polyandry is common among Coccinellidae,the data attained in various studies are insufficient to explain the general adaptive significance (or fitness consequences) of female remating and polyandry.Temperature was used as a stressor in the study.This study aims to evaluate whether certain benefits of polyandry in terms of increased fitness are also passed on to the progeny.[Methods] The present study examined the fitness consequences of three mating treatments in Coelophora saucia (Mulsant) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):monandry (five matings with same male; one mating/ day),sequential polyandry (five matings with five different males with one mating/day with a new male),and simultaneous polyandry (five matings with five males introduced together allowing female to select male to mate; one mating/day).Changes in fecundity and egg fertility,and offspring development and survival of the different mating treatments under different temperatures (25,27 and 30℃) were o

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为了探明视觉因素对云斑天牛（Batocera lineolata Chevrolat）成虫选择寄主颜色和寻偶行为的影响，采用室内色卡选择和视频轨迹捕捉系统（EthoVision 3．1）自动记录分析相结合的方法，对云斑天牛成虫的视觉选择进行了研究。色卡选择试验表明，在自然光下未交配雌虫对玄武石灰色（18．89％）、未交配雄虫对深黄色（14．44％）、已交配雌虫对绿松石绿（15．56％）的选择率最高；在人造光下未交配雌虫对褐齐墩果色（16．11％）、未交配雄虫对深黄色（14．44％）、已交配雌虫对绿松石绿（14．44％）的选择率最高。行为仪分析结果表明，当雌虫或雄虫被遮眼后，相应的搜寻时间、距离、头部转动角度和仰起次数都显著增加（P＜0．05）。研究结果为云斑天牛行为控制技术的研究提供基础科学数据。
In order to search the visual cues of the adults of Batocera lineolata Chevrolat to host color and mating behavior,we studied the color card selection of B .lineolata adults by laboratory observation in combination with automatic recording and analysis through video tracking capture system (EthoVision 3.1).The test results by color card selection showed that the selection rates of unmated females to basalt grey (18.89%),unmated males to saf-fron yellow (14.44%),and mated females to turquoise green (15.56%)were the largest in the natural light;while the selection rates of unmated females to black olive (16.11%),unmated males to saffron yellow (14.44%),and mated females to turquoise green (14.44%)were the largest in the artificial light.The test results by behavior instrument showed that the search time,distance,angle of head rotation and number of head rearing of B .lineolata were increased significantly (P <0.05),when the female or male was blindfold.The results of this study

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微孢子虫是母蛾检疫的唯一对象，为探明家蚕微孢子虫感染雄蛾交配对雌蛾的影响，了解其对蚕种生产的危害性，用患微粒子病的家蚕雄蛾与未患病雌蛾（各50只）进行交配试验，并统计分析交配后的感染率。结果表明：患有家蚕微孢子虫的雄蛾，能通过雌雄蛾交配把微孢子虫传给雌蛾，雌蛾微孢子虫检出率为66％，其交配传染率达78．57％，增加了各级蚕种因母蛾检测有微孢子虫而淘汰的风险系数。因此，蚕种生产过程中防微病工作很重要，必须贯彻预防为主、综合防治的方针，切断幼虫期食下感染的途径，减少因雄蛾感病通过交配而传给雌蛾的概率，减少蚕种损失。
Micropsoridia is the only target on the quarantine of female silkworm moth.In order to clarify the influence of microsporidium on the female silkworm moth after mating of the female and male silkworm,and understand the harmfulness of silkworm egg production.The authors conducted mating test of infected male silkworm moth and uninfected female silkworm moth.And the infection rate was analyzed after mating.The result indicated that the microsporidian spores,N .bombycis,can be transmitted from infected male silkworm moth to uninfected female silkworm moth by mating.The detection rate and mating infection rate reached 66% and 78.57% respectively,and increased the elimination rate of silkworm eggs because of the Pebrine mother moth.So,the work of prevention to pebrine is very important in the process of the silkworm eggs production.The principle of prevention first,comprehensive control must be executed.In order to cut off the way of food transmission of infection,reduce the infec

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采用直流刺吸电位仪EPG（direct current electrical penetration graph,EPG）技术分析西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis雌雄虫在4种寄主植物上的取食行为,探讨西花蓟马雌雄虫取食行为差异及与寄主适合性的相关性。结果表明：（1）西花蓟马在辣椒上的非取食刺探次数显著少于其他寄主植物。雌虫在辣椒、番茄、曼陀罗和矮牵牛上的非取食刺探分别为231.1,328.9,361.0和304.4次,雄虫在辣椒、番茄、曼陀罗和矮牵牛上的非取食刺探分别为152.7,277.2,221.4和196.8次。西花蓟马在矮牵牛上的短取食刺探显著高于番茄,雌虫在番茄和矮牵牛上的短取食分别为68.8和144.4次,雄虫在番茄和矮牵牛上的短取食分别为15.9和80.9次。西花蓟马在矮牵牛上的长取食刺探次数少于在其他寄主植物。（2）雌虫比雄虫产生更多的非取食刺探和短取食刺探,雄虫的长取食刺探显著高于雌虫。在矮牵牛上,雌虫的非取食刺探次数和非取食刺探总时间为雄虫的1.5倍。在番茄上,雌虫的短取食次数和短取食总时间分别为雄虫的4倍和2倍;雄虫的长取食次数和长取食总时间分别为雌虫的2倍和7倍。由此可见,西花蓟马的取食行为与寄主适宜性之间无显著的相关性。
The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the feeding behavior and the suitability of host plants for Frankliniella occidentalis, and was to demonstrate the difference of feeding behavior for males and females on the same host plant .The feeding behaviors for western flower thrips ( WFT ) on tomato, pepper, stramonium and petunia were recorded using the direct current electrical penetration graph (DC-EPG).The results showed as follows:(1) The noningestion probes for WFT on pepper were significantly less than that on other host plants.The number of noningestion probes for females on pepper , tomato, stramonium and petunia was 231.1,328.9, 361.0 and 304.4, respectively.The number of noningestion probes for males on pepper , tomato, stramonium and petunia was 152.7 , 277.2 , 221.4 and 196.8 , respectively .Compared with tomato , the short-ingestion probes for WFT was significantly greater on petunia .The number of short-ingestion probes for females on tomato and

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为扁角豆芫菁的人工规模化养殖提供参考,对其繁殖习性进行了观察。结果表明:扁角豆芫菁的性行为包括求偶和交配2个阶段;成虫羽化后4~5d有求偶行为,求偶成功后便开始交配,雄虫一生可交配2~4次,雌虫1~3次,交配适宜温度为27.6~30.5℃,相对湿度为72.4%~86.3%;雌雄比例为1∶2时雌虫平均交配次数最多,达2.3次;交配后4~6d开始挖穴产卵,交配1次产卵1次。雌虫一次产卵45~110粒,产卵间期为7~10d。
The reproductive habit of E.impressicornis was observed to provide a reference for artificial large scale breeding of E.impressicornis.The sexual behavior of E.impressicornis includes two stages of courtship and mating.The adult has the courtship behavior 4~5 d after emergence and begin to mate after successful courtship.The mating times of the female and male adults are 2~4 and 1~3 respectively.The optimum mating temperature and relative humidity is 27.6~30.5℃ and 72.4%~86.3% separately.The average mating times of female adults reaches 2 .3 (the highest)when the proportion of female/male adult is 1∶2.The female adults begin to lay eggs 4~6 d after mating.One mating provide one oviposition and the egg number is 45~110.The oviposition interval is 7~10d.

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为了探究杨十斑吉丁虫的基本飞行能力,本试验利用飞行磨吊飞结合野外测定,探究了性别、光照对杨十斑吉丁虫飞行能力的影响并对杨十斑吉丁虫野外单次飞行距离和活动场所进行了研究。吊飞结果显示:雌、雄虫的平均飞行距离之间存在显著差异,平均飞行时间、平均最大飞行速度之间差异不显著,杨十斑吉丁虫个体之间飞行能力差别较大,其中,雌虫的平均飞行距离为2.6172 km,平均最大飞行速度为2.0108 km/h,平均飞行时间为1.7674 h;雄虫的平均飞行距离为2.1385 km,平均最大飞行速度为1.7801 km/h,平均飞行时间约为1.8732 h。个体飞行能力最强为雌虫,其飞行最远距离为5.2 km,飞行最大速度为2.91 km/h,最长飞行时间约为2.9 h。野外研究结果显示:杨十斑吉丁虫主要在树木的树干部位进行活动,单次飞行距离最远可达18.3 m。结果表明:杨十斑吉丁虫有较强的飞行能力,且在光照条件下杨十斑吉丁虫的飞行能力要显著高于黑暗条件下。
In order to explore the light capacity of Melanophila picta Pallas,the influences of its gender and light were studied by using the flight mill,and its single flight distance and activity places were anaG lyzed outdoors as well,in this paper.The results showed that there were significant differences in average flight distance between the female and male but there were no obvious differences in average flight duration and average maximum flight speed.The average flight distance,average maximum flight speed and average flight duration of the female reached 2.6172 km,2.0108 km/h and average duration was 1.7674 h,respecG tively,while the average flight distance of female was 2.1385 km,most flight speed was 1.7801 km/h and average flight time was 1.8732 h of the male.Female individuals had the stronger flight capacity,and their maximum flight distance,speed and duration were tested as 5.2 km,2.91 km/h and 2.9 h,respectively. The main activity palce of Melanophila picta Pallas was around the

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通过比较不同消毒方法对相似穿孔线虫的消毒效果和对其活力的影响,筛选出5种消毒方法,再通过接种胡萝卜愈伤组织繁殖线虫的方法,测定了这些消毒方法对相似穿孔线虫繁殖量的影响.结果表明:供试的5个相似穿孔线虫种群,用硫酸链霉素进行消毒后的雌虫平均繁殖量最大,用次氯酸钠处理后的雌虫平均繁殖量最小,而用氯化汞、洗必泰+氯化汞和硫酸链霉素+氯化汞进行处理后的雌虫平均繁殖量介于上述两者之间,综合消毒效果和对繁殖量的影响2个因素,其中洗必泰+氯化汞是最合适的消毒方法.
By comparing the sterilizing effects of different surface-sterilizing methods and their impacts on the vitality of Radopholus similis ,five were chosen to study their influences on the reproduction of R. si-milis cultured on carrot disks .The results showed that of the 5 similar nematode populations used for sur-face sterilization ,the one sterilized with streptomycin sulfate had the greatest average reproduction amount per female and that sterilized with sodium hypochlorite had the smallest ,and the average reproduction a-mount per female in the populations sterilized with mercuric chloride ,hibitane plus with mercuric chloride or streptomycin sulfate plus mercuric chloride appeared in between .Thus considering the two factors of sterilizing effects and influences on the reproduction amount ,hibitane plus with mercuric chloride is the most appropriate sterilizing method on R. similis .

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