火山喷发的多期性是导致凝灰岩潜山纵向多期风化壳（带）发育的重要原因。从地球化学、测井响应特征和岩石学证实了二连盆地凝灰岩潜山多期风化壳（带）的存在及其特征：（1）哈31井凝灰岩地层在1062~1080 m和1165~1179 m两个井段表现为K，Na，Ca等元素淋滤，CIA指数较大，而Al，Fe，Mn，P等元素相对富集，S/A指数变小；（2）这两个层段测井响应表现为风化壳的特征，而且其测井曲线在纵向上具旋回特征并有连井上的可对比性；（3）不同喷发期次形成的凝灰岩结构、组分以及粒度不同。凝灰岩潜山多期风化壳（带）的存在对潜山油气藏的形成具有重要作用，成藏效应主要表现在储集层垂向分带性、风化壳油藏（晚期风化壳中）和内幕油藏（早期风化壳中）纵向叠置和复式油气聚集成藏模式等3个方面。文中对多期凝灰岩古风化壳的认识扩展了火山岩潜山的勘探深度，为火山岩潜山内幕油气勘探提供了理论依据。

Multiple episodes of volcanic eruptions lead to the development of multiple layers of weathering crust vertically in tuff buried hill. Geochemical, petrologic and logging data jointly demonstrate the existence of multiple episodes of weathering crust in the tuff buried hill. For well Ha-31, weathering crusts were developed at 1062~1080 m and 1165~1179 m and show K, Na, Ca leaching, larger CIA index, smaller S/A index, and relatively rich Al, Fe, Mn, P, etc content which are in accordance with the response to conventional well logging. Additionally, for singe well in logging, it shows some degree of cyclicity vertically, and this kind of cyclicity can be correlated among multi-wells. Moreover, tuffs originated from different eruption periods show different structures, composition, and sizes. From above, we can conclude that tuffs were formed in multiple episodes and multiple weathered crusts were developed vertically. The effects of multiple episodes of paleo-weathering crusts of tuff b

广西波塘地区的稀土矿为我国南方花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床,成矿母岩为华力西期,印支期的黑云母花岗岩岩类,原岩稀土含量211×10^-6-354×10^-6.笔者主要介绍了波塘矿床的基本特征、稀土元素配分,认为有利的成矿母岩是稀土含量〉200×10^-6的黑云母花岗岩类.广泛分布的黑云母花岗岩类,有利于风化壳形成保留的温暖潮湿气候条件,丘陵浅山的地理环境是华南花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿成矿的主要条件.

REE deposits in Botang area of Cenxi are ion-adsorption type REE deposits in weathered crust of granite in South China,and the mother rock is Variscan-Indosinian biotite granite rocks,with rare earth con-tent in protolith of 21 1×10 -6 ~354×10 -6 .This paper introduced the basic characteristics and REE assemblage of Botang deposits,and it believed that the favorable mother rock is biotite granite rocks with REE content of above 200ppm.The widely distributed biotite creates a favorable warm and humid climate condition for the forming of weathered crust,and the environment of shallow hills is the prevailing condition of ore-form-ing of ion-adsorption type REE deposits in weathered crust of granite in South China.

新联稀土矿区莲塘花岗岩体形成于中侏罗纪,属于燕山期岩浆岩。该花岗岩体富Si、Na、K、Hf,贫Fe、Mg、Ca、P、Ni、Co、Cu、Zr、Sr、Ba、Ta,为过铝质高钾钙碱性系列S-I过渡型花岗岩;稀土总量的平均值为185.39×10-6,高于中国花岗岩均值147.80×10-6。轻重稀土的平均比值为6.75,表现为富集轻稀土。该花岗岩体的风化壳发育,由于风化程度不同,造成稀土元素的富集程度存在较大的差异。稀土矿层主要以离子吸附形式赋存于花岗岩全风化层中部及半风化层上部。该区稀土矿化与高丰度稀土含量的岩体、低山丘陵地貌条件及气候、风化壳保存程度等影响因素密切相关。

Liantang granite mass of Xinlian rare earth mining area is formed in the Middle Jurassic.The gra nite mass is rich in Si,Na,K and Hf,but poor in Fe,Mg,Ca,P,Ni,Co,Cu,Zr,Sr,Ba and Ta,and it falls into the category of peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline series S-I transition type granite.The total rare earth averages at 185.39 × 10 -6 ,which is higher than the average Chinese granite of 147.80 ×10 -6 .The average ratio of LREE/HREE is 6.75,which indicates the enrichment of light rare earth.The weathering crust of granite mass is well developed.The different degrees of weathering result in different degrees of en-richment of rare earth elements.Rare earth ore bed occurs in the form of ion absorption within the middle part of completely weathered granite and upper part of semi-weathered granite.The rare earth mineralization is closely related to abundant rare earth content rock body,landform of low mountains and hills and climate, and the degree of weathering crust preservation.

选择印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛Kolonodale地区和中国云南省元江地区的2个超基性岩红土风化壳为研究对象,对比研究不同气候环境下超基性岩在红土风化过程中REE的地球化学特征及其演化机制.研究发现,印尼Kolonodale和中国元江剖面的REE分布型式具有一定的共性规律,都表现出显著的REE表生富集效应(相对于基岩的最大富集系数分别达44.21和236.19)、不均一的轻重稀土分异(分异程度随剖面深度加大而降低)以及剧烈的Ce异常正负转换现象(风化壳上部是正Ce异常,风化壳下部是负Ce异常).2个剖面中REE最大富集段的产出位置明显错位,表现在Kolonodale剖面中REE最大富集段出现在腐岩层,而在元江剖面中REE最大富集段出现在红土层.质量平衡计算指示,REE在超基性岩红土化过程中发生了显著的迁移和分异现象,其地球化学行为受红土剖面pH值环境与有机质(O.M.)含量的制约.案例对比分析表明,气候环境对超基性岩红土化过程中REE的地球化学演化具有重要影响.在热带雨林环境的印尼Kolonodale剖面中,风化壳中REE主要继承于基岩,在高强度的红土化作用下,REE经历了强烈的重新分配和垂向分异.而在亚热带季风气候环境的中国元江剖面中,风化壳中的REE具有更复杂的物源背景,除继承基岩外还可能叠加了风尘沉积物的影响.元江剖面的红土化程度偏弱,导致REE在表生演化中未发生强烈的淋滤和次生富集作用.

To understand the characteristics and evolution of REE during the process of the ultramafic laterization under different climate conditions,two outcrops Kolonodale in Indonesia and Yuanjiang in China are chosen for comparision.It is found that the contents of REE from the laterite crusts are higher than those from the bed rocks in both places (enrichment factor being 44.21 and 236.19 respec-tively).The indices of differentiation between the LREE and HREE decrease with profile downward toward,and the indice of Ce anom-aly shows a shift from the positive Ce anomaly in the upper segment to negative Ce anomaly in the lower part.The difference between the two profiles lies in the distribution of the highest REE enriched segment.The laterite layer represent the most REE enriched for the Yuanjiang,whereas the saprolite layer for the Kolonodale.The evaluation of the mass balance shows remarkable migration and differen-tiation of REE in the ultramafic laterization process,which were constrained

颖壳不闭合水稻专用肥是一种生物有机-无机复合肥料，采用腐殖酸（粉状风化煤）包膜，轻质碳酸钙、骨粉进行扑粉，同时喷淋微生物菌液进行吸附，从而完成微生物与颗粒肥料的复合一体化处理。经大田试验验证，颖壳不闭合水稻专用肥可以大幅降低水稻的颖壳不闭合现象，与普通复合肥（15-15-15）相比，水稻可增产13．8％，具有显著的经济和社会效益。

The special fertilizer for rice glume abnormality is a biological-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, coated with humic acid(powder weathered coal), powdered with light calcium carbonate and bone meal, at the same time, sprayed with microorganism solution for adsorption, the integration process of microorganism and granulated fertilizer is completed.Field test has verified that the special fertilizer for rice glume abnormality can reduce significantly the phenomenon of rice glume abnormality, compared with normal compound fertilizer ( 15-15-15 ) , yield of rice is increased by 13.8 %,having remarkable economic and social benefits.