食用菌产业是我国农业优势产业,食用菌工厂化生产是食用菌产业发展的必然要求。阐述食用菌工厂化生产的含义,介绍我国食用菌工厂化生产现状,并分析其发展趋势,为我国食用菌产业的更快、更好、可持续发展提供参考。

The mushroom industry is a superiority industry in china''s agriculture field. Edible fungus industrialized production is an inevitable requirement for the development of edible fungi industry. This article explains the meaning of mushroom factory production, examines the current situation of edible mushroom factory production in China, and analyzes its development trend in a bid to provide reference for a faster, better, and sustainable development in the edible fungus industry in China.

RNA沉默技术有效地避免了食用菌遗传操作中同源重组率低的缺点,应用于食用菌分子遗传学研究中有诸多优势,正在发展成为食用菌基础研究中必不可缺的遗传操作技术。本文综述了食用菌中的RNA沉默相关途径与相关基因的研究进展以及RNA沉默技术在食用菌基因功能研究中的应用,并探讨了RNA沉默技术在食用菌应用中的优缺点与应用前景。

RNA silencing technology avoids the shortcomings of low homologous recombination rate in the mushroom genetic manipulation,and has many advantages in the molecular genetics research of mushroom. RNA silencing is developing into essential genetic manipulation techniques in edible fungi research.This paper reviews the RNA silencing pathways in mushrooms,RNA silencing related genes,applications in gene function studies of mushroom,advantages and disadvantages of RNA silencing technology and its potential applica-tions.

回顾人们对食用菌认识和利用的历史，阐述中国食用菌产业发展状况，并分析中国食用菌产业的发展，得知中国食用菌产业趋势将是生产方式规模化，从业人员专业化，产品向北方及西部扩展，产品种类增加等。

The history of understanding and utilization on mushroom is reviewed. This paper elaborates the developmental trend of China''s mushroom industry in recent years. The developmental trends of China''s mushroom industry are analyzed. It shows that development trends of mushroom industry will become production scale, practitioners with more specialization, and productions expended to the north and the west, and the more plentiful kinds of productions.

随着贵州武陵山区食用菌产业的迅猛发展,运用化学制品调控食用菌菌丝的生长、子实体分化发育、产量形成以及减小外界不利条件对食用菌生长的影响已经逐渐成为食用菌生产中不可缺少的重要措施.从香菇、木耳生产中使用化肥、生长调节剂、消毒剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂等化学制品的种类、作用、研究进展、使用概况及对人体健康和环境造成的危害等方面进行综述,以期规范使用食用菌生产中的化学制品,促进贵州山区食用菌的安全生产和产业的可持续发展.

@@@@With the rapid development of mushroom industry in Wuling district, Guizhou Province, it is a usual measure that chemicals are used to regulate mushroom mycelial growth, differentiation and development of fruiting bodies, yield formation and reduce the adverse conditions that affect the growth of edible fungi. This paper summerized the research progresses on not only chemical fertilizers, growth regulators, disinfectants, pesticides, fungicides and other chemicals used in mushrooms, but also focused on harms of the chemicals to human health and environment. The purpose of this paper was to regulate the use of chemicals in mushroom production, promote the safe production and sustainable development of the edible fungi industry in Guizhou Province.

湖北省随州市是全国重要的食用菌生产基地．其香菇、木耳等在湖北省食用菌产业中占有举足轻重的地位，干香菇年产量更是常年位居全国第一。基于对随州市三里岗镇的实际调查，客观评估了随州市食用菌产业发展的基本状况。调查分析认为，培植林木资源、以企业为载体加强科技推广、实行标准化栽培、加强龙头企业和市场建设、强化品牌效应等措施有助于食用菌产业的健康发展：而菌林矛盾日益突出、食用菌产品质量参差不齐、技术服务体系不完善则成为制约食用菌产业进一步发展壮大的主要因素。对此，必须采取强有力的对策措施予以科学应对．以不断推进随州食用菌产业健康有序发展。

Suizhou city is an important production base of edible fungus in China, where the production of shiitake mushroom, Auricularia auricular and so on plays a vital role in the mushroom industry of Hubei, and the annual production of dried shiitake mushroom has ranked the first place for years in our country. Then, based on field investigations in Sanligang, a major mushroom production town of Suizhou, we objectively assessed the status of mushroom industry in Suizhou in this paper. The results showed that, many practical measures were helpful for the healthy development of mushroom industry, such as cultivating forest resources, strengthening science and technology promotion based on enterprise, implementing standardized cultivation, constructing leading enterprises and markets, strengthening the brand construction. Meanwhile, there existed several major constraints restricting the expansion and further development of the local mushroom industry, including increasingly prominent