硫元素广泛存在于整个能源化工领域,脱硫是当今最普遍存在的环保问题。针对我国每年处理大量高含硫原油和天然气脱硫产生的含硫化氢酸性气,对各个含硫化氢酸性气治理技术进行分析,包括克劳斯技术、LO-CAT技术、电解制氢和硫磺技术、光催化分解硫化氢技术、硫化氢制酸技术和超重力反应器选择性脱硫技术。介绍各技术的工艺以及流程,分析各技术的特点。

The sulfur exists in the whole energy chemical industry,at present the desulfurization is the most common environmental problem. In this paper,aiming at treatment problem of acidic tail gas from desulfurization process of high-sulfur crude and natural gas,various acidic tail gas treatment technologies were introduced,such as Claus technology,LO-CAT technology,photocatalytic technology and so on. At last,process flow and characteristics of these technologies were analyzed and discussed.

针对输送高含硫天然气埋地管道在发生穿孔泄漏后的扩散过程迚行系统分析，建立了埋地天然气管道泄漏扩散控制方程，根据输送高含硫天然气管道在不同工况下的泄漏过程数值模拟，得出天然气中主要成分甲烷及高浓度硫化氢的扩散规律，研究高含硫天然气管道埋地后穿孔泄漏扩散规律的差异，为埋地高含硫天然气管道泄漏后避免意外事故发生及迚一步研究有毒气体扩散机理提供一定的理论基础。

The governing equations of the diffusion of the gas were presented based on the diffusion process of sour natural gas after the perforation leakage of the buried pipeline. Numerical simulation of the leaking process of the gas under different conditions was discussed, and the diffusion laws of hydrogen sulfide and methane were obtained. A systematic study on the difference of the diffusion laws was carried out, which could provide theoretical basis for the further study on the diffusion law of leaked hazardous gas.

针对高含硫气井井筒硫析出、硫沉积预测难题,建立了高含硫气井井筒多相流动和传热数学模型,给出了多场耦合井筒硫析出、硫沉积判别准则和计算方法。计算结果表明,高含硫气井从井底至井口硫溶解度逐渐减小,呈非线性变化规律;井筒中伴随有硫析出,析出位置及析出量主要受温度梯度、压力梯度和硫化氢质量浓度等影响;井筒中的硫沉积主要受气体携带能力和局部流场扰动的影响。温度、压力下降越大,硫析出越早;在同一流压下,产气量越高,硫析出越早,析出量越大。该研究模拟了气井生产动态,给出了高含硫气井中的硫析出、硫沉积、压力及温度分布规律,计算结果可用于指导现场进行开发方案调整、生产参数优化,为制定硫沉积预防方案提供依据。

In consideration of the difficulties of sulfur release and deposition prediction in wellbores with high content of sulfur, a mathematical model was built for multi-phase fluid flow and heat transfer in gas wells with high content of sulfur, and a discrimination rule and computing method were given for multi-field coupling sulfur release in wellbore and sulfur deposition. The computing results show that the sulfur solubility from hole bottom to wellhead in gas well with high sulfur content decreases gradually, showing non-linear variation; sulfur release occurs in the wellbore, and the precipitation location and amount are mainly affected by temperature gradient, pressure gradient and H2S mass concentration; and sulfur deposition in wellbore is mainly affected by gas carrying capacity and local flow field disturbance. The greater the temperature and pressure decrease, the earlier the sulfur precipitates; under the same flow pressure, the higher the gas production is, the earlier the sul

针对山谷地区埋地天然气泄漏问题，建立三维泄漏模型，将管道模型建立于土壤下，给出山谷地区风随海拔高度变化边界条件，在此基础上对山谷地区高含硫天然气泄漏问题进行六组模拟。结果表明：六组工况下硫化氢的危险区域全部大于甲烷的危险区域，突显出天然气泄漏问题中硫化氢的危害性之大。风速对危险范围的影响很大，在山谷地形条件下危险范围大小与风速大小成反比，且风速越大，危险范围越小。三个泄漏口方向中漏口斜向上45°时空气中泄漏气体的总质量分数最大，扩散的范围最大，但部分范围内并未达到泄漏气体的危险浓度，危险范围比实际扩散范围要小，漏口斜向下45°时危险区域是最大的，漏口水平介于中间。

Aiming at the problems in leakage and dispersion of buried gas pipeline in valley area, a three-dimen-sional leakage mode was established with building the pipeline model under the soil. The boundary conditions of wind changes with altitude in the valley area were given, on this basis, 6 sets of simulation were made on leakage of natural gas with high hydrogen sulfide in the valley area. The results showed that:the danger zones of hydrogen sulfide are all greater than those of methane in the 6 sets of conditions, which highlighted the dangers of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas leakage problem. Wind speed has much effect on the danger range, under the condition of valley terrain, the size of danger range is inversely proportional to wind speed, the larger the wind speed, the smal-ler the risk. In the three directions of leakage hole, when the direction of leakage hole is 45° oblique to upward, the total mass fraction of leaking gas in the air is the maximum, and the diffusion

土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸是一个高含硫化氢和二氧化碳的复杂底水块状碳酸盐岩气田。气田储层类型多样,非均质性严重,根据储层特征,实施了以常规酸与转向酸酸化相结合的增产措施。对现场24井次的酸化作业进行了系统的施工参数分析和技术评估。采用Paccaloni评估方法计算了酸化后表皮系数,根据曲线特征将施工曲线分为5类,分别为明显解堵型、明显漏失型、突破后漏失型、双层突破型和未明显突破型。通过表皮系数变化、曲线特征分析及措施效果对比对储层进行深入认识,进一步优化了对阿姆河右岸气田酸化措施的适用条件和施工参数,对提高气田二期开发的增产效果具有重要意义。

Amu Darya Right Bank gas ifeld, Turkmenistan is a complex faultblock gas ifeld with bottom water, high in hydrogen sulifde and carbon dioxide content. The reservoirs are diverse in types and strong in heterogeneity. According to reservoir characteristics, the stimulation combining conventional acidizing with diverting acidizing was developed and carried out. The operation parameters and technologies of 24 wells acidized were systematically assessed. Paccaloni evaluation method was used to calculate skin factor after acidizing, the treatment curves were divided into ifve categories according to the curve characteristics, namely, obvious plugging re-moval type, obvious loss type, loss after plugging removal type, double plugging removal type and non-obvious breakthrough type. The analysis of the skin factor variation, curve characteristics and comparison of stimulation effect gave better understanding on the reservoir. The applicable conditions and treatment parameters of acidizing in th