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多巴胺是脑内关键的神经递质,它通过与多巴胺受体的作用及其下游的一系列反应来影响基因表达、神经调节和行为活动.在成年鸣禽中,中脑多巴胺能神经元投射到X区、HVC和RA等鸣唱相关核团,释放多巴胺的量受一定社会情境的影响,从而表现出directed song和undirected song等不同鸣唱行为.获得斑胸草雀脑中多巴胺受体的表达情况,为与社会情境有关的鸣唱行为及其他和多巴胺相关的行为活动的神经机制探究提供了基础,并可促进行为学、电生理等方面的研究.我们发现D1受体在斑胸草雀脑中的分布与其mRNA的分布基本一致:在脑的绝大部分区域都有分布;主要鸣唱核团HVC和RA有表达,与其周围区域差异不明显;LMAN中表达量较少;DLM中的表达量较高,并与其周围区域差异明显.但是纹状体内的表达与其周围区域的差异性没有mRNA明显;GCT中的表达量较多,与周围区域差异明显.

Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in the brain ,it influences the gene expression ,neural regulation and activities ,through a series of reaction of dopamine receptors .In adult songbirds ,dopa-mine neurons in the midbrain project to song nuclei as X area ,HVC ,RA ,the amount of released do-pamine is influenced by the social context-dependent behaviors ,directed song and undirected song .In order to know the distribution of dopamine receptors in the zebra finch brain ,we use immunohisto-chemistry method .We found that the distribution of D1 receptor in the zebra finch brain is consistent with the distribution of mRNA .D1 receptor distributed in most areas of the brain .The vocal nuclei X area ,HVC and RA have expressed .The expression of LMAN is lower ;the expression of DLM is higher .However ,the difference expression of mRNA in the striatum and the surrounding region is not obvious ;more expressed in GCT ,and the difference with surrounding region is obvious .

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BK通道,即钙离子激活的大电导钾离子通道,它通过产生快速的后超极化(fAHP)来控制动作电位的持续时间、发放频率.为研究BK通道在鸣禽鸣唱学习中的作用提供形态学依据,用免疫组化法观察了BK通道在成年雄性斑胸草雀脑中的分布.证实了其在端脑、基底节纹状体、中脑、小脑等脑区都有广泛的表达,其中RA、HVC、LMAN、X区、DM等与鸣唱系统相关的核团都有显著的表达.这暗示了BK通道可能与鸣禽鸣唱信息整合、听觉反馈、鸣曲可塑性和稳定性以及呼吸调节都有密不可分的联系.

BK channels ,large conductance calcium activated potassium channels ,w hich can generate fast after-hyperpolarization (fAHP) ,to control the duration and firing frequency of action potentials . To provide morphological basis for studying the role of BK channels in songbird vocal learning ,distri-bution of BK channels in the adult male zebra finches brain were observed with immunohistochemical method .The results showed that BK channels have a wide range of expression in the telencephalon , midbrain ,cerebellum ,basal ganglia striatum and other brain regions ,including RA ,HVC ,LM AN ,X , DM and other related song nuclei .The results suggested that BK channel may be related to voice in-formation integration ,auditory feedback ,song plasticity and stability as well as the regulation of res-piration .

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应用免疫组织化学的方法,对斑胸草雀端脑发声控制核团内速激肽1型受体(NK1R)的表达进行初步研究.结果显示,NK1R在高级发声中枢(HVC,proper name)、巢皮质巨细胞核外侧部(lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium,LMAN)和弓状皮质栎核(robust nucleus of the arcopallium,RA)均有大量的免疫阳性标记,但前脑基底神经节X区(Area X)仅有少量的表达,X区内的P物质和NK1R分布密度具有不一致性.结果表明:NK1R广泛分布于斑胸草雀发声控制核团中.提示NK1R可能参与鸣唱学习相关的重要生理过程.

Distribution of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R)in song-control nuclei in male zebra finches was studied by immunohistochemistry. Numerous NK1R-immunopositive soma were found in HVC, lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (LMAN),robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA).In sharp contrast to the dense distribution of NK1R ligand substance P,there was only low level NK1R expression in zebra finch Area X.These data suggest that NK1R is involved in physiological process in vocal learning and maintenance.

双语推荐：鸣唱相关核团

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