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双语推荐：AVO

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为预测盐城凹陷含气砂岩的分布范围，利用AVO正演模拟和流体替换等工作取得本地区含气储层的AVO响应特征，并通过该地区关键产气井实际地震资料的AVO分析结果进行验证，再以Zoeppritz方程的Shuey近似表达式为基础，计算出P（截距）和G（梯度）等AVO属性，并通过PG属性进行含气储层的识别，刻画出该区含气砂岩横向和纵向展布特征，结果与实际情况相符。
To predict the distribution range of gas-bearing sandstone in Yancheng Sag,the AVO responding character-istics of gas-bearing reservoir were obtained by AVO forword modeling and fluid replacement.And the AVO analysis re-sults of the actual seismic data from the key gas producing wells were verified.Based on the Shuey approximate expression for the Zoeppritz equation,it was calculated that AVO attributes including P ( intercept) ,G ( gradient) ,and so on.Finally, based on identification of gas reservoirs by PG attribute,the lateral and longitudinal distribution characteristics of the gas-bearing sandstone were described in this area.

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常规AVO技术预测煤层气,一般需要炮检距大于1.5倍煤层埋深。通过对黄陵矿区常规地震数据进行AVO异常分析,发现黄陵矿区具备明显煤层气AVO异常,而且在最大偏移距为煤层埋度1.11倍、入折射平均角为29°左右时,该区二号煤层顶板反射界面反射系数对入折射平均角的梯度达到最大值(0.1680)。由此认为叠前地震资料的最大偏移距只要接近、等于或略大于目的层深度,就足以反映振幅随偏移距的变化特征,即足以满足该区煤层气AVO反演对地震资料偏移距的要求。通过对常规地震资料的精细处理,对该区煤层富集区进行预测。黄陵矿区AVO异常解释主要基于垂直反演剖面和顺层反演切片,以此圈出约1.6km2、呈近南北向条带状分布的煤层气(瓦斯)富集区。截至2013年底,在生产巷道掘进过程中,已发现14处瓦斯涌出点与预测结果一致。
Using conventional AVO to predict CBM usually needs the offset larger than 1.5 coal seam buried depth. To use conven-tional seismic data in the Huangling study area carried out AVO anomaly analysis, the area has obvious CBM AVO anomaly, under the maximum offset 1.11 coal seam buried depth, average incident refraction angle about 29o, while the gradient of coal No.2 roof reflect-ing interface reflectance to average incident refraction angle up to the peak value (0.1680). Therefore, only the maximum offset of prestack seismic data close to, equal to or slightly larger than target depth will be enough to reflect characteristics of amplitude vary with offset, enough to satisfy requirements of CBM AVO inversion on seismic data offset. Through conventional seismic data precise pro-cessing, carry out prediction of coal seam enrichment in the area. The AVO anomaly interpretation is mainly based on vertical inversion section and bedding inversion slice, on this account cycled out about 1.6km2 n

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建立薄互层地震物理模型，分别从低频和高频入射时地震记录的振幅谱形态、振幅、频率特征、AVO特征等方面入手，分析了入射频率对煤系薄互层模型地震响应特征的影响。结果表明：入射频率对薄互层层数变化反映敏感，高频入射时振幅谱形态可分辨的厚度比较小，分辨率较高；振幅谱幅值以及主频值的变化与薄互层的总厚度和波长之比有关，并且随着厚度的增加其变化规律符合薄层的振幅调谐规律与频率调谐规律；入射频率不同时，AVO曲线特征也不相同，在进行薄互层资料的对比解释及AVO分析时，要充分考虑入射频率所引起的差异。
Using seismic physical model and from the spectrum patterns, amplitude, frequency and AVO chara-cteristics of seismic records of low and high incident frequency, the paper analyzed the influence of incident frequency on seismic response characteristics for thin alternating layers in coal measures. It shows that the incident frequency is sensitive to the variation of the number of alternating layers, the amplitude and spectrum patterns of high frequency incidence can resolve small thickness and have higher resolution, the amplitude spectrum and frequency values are related to the ratio of the thickness of a thin alternating layer and wavelength, and with the increase of the thickness, its variation rule is in accordance with the tuning rule of the amplitude and frequency. For different incident frequency, the AVO curve characteristics are different. In seismic interpretation and AVO analysis of thin alternating layers, we should fully consider the differences caused by the inc

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The coal bed methane content (CBMC) in the west mining area of Jincheng coalfield, southeastern Qinshui Basin, is studied based on seismic data and well-logs together with laboratory measurements. The results show that the Shuey approximation has better adaptability according to the Zoeppritz equation result;the designed fold number for an ordinary seismic data is sufficient for post-stack data but insufficient for pre-stack data regarding the signal to noise ratio (SNR). Therefore a larger grid analysis was created in order to improve the SNR. The velocity field created by logging is better than that created by stack velocity in both accuracy and effectiveness. A reasonable distribution of the amplitude versus offset (AVO) attributes can be facilitated by taking the AVO response from logging as a standard for calibrating the amplitude distribution. Some AVO attributes have a close relationship with CBMC. The worst attri-bute is polarization magnitude, for which the correlation coeffic
The coal bed methane content (CBMC) in the west mining area of Jincheng coalfield, southeastern Qinshui Basin, is studied based on seismic data and well-logs together with laboratory measurements. The results show that the Shuey approximation has better adaptability according to the Zoeppritz equation result;the designed fold number for an ordinary seismic data is sufficient for post-stack data but insufficient for pre-stack data regarding the signal to noise ratio (SNR). Therefore a larger grid analysis was created in order to improve the SNR. The velocity field created by logging is better than that created by stack velocity in both accuracy and effectiveness. A reasonable distribution of the amplitude versus offset (AVO) attributes can be facilitated by taking the AVO response from logging as a standard for calibrating the amplitude distribution. Some AVO attributes have a close relationship with CBMC. The worst attri-bute is polarization magnitude, for which the correlation coeffic

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鄂尔多斯盆地苏西地区盒8段及山1段为辫状河沉积，其含气储层与围岩纵波阻抗相近，利用常规叠后资料不能有效识别含气储层；同时，山1段砂体为中—弱振幅不连续地震反射，其同相轴无法在全区进行合理追踪，难以预测砂体的平面展布特点。针对以上问题，根据辫状河地质沉积特点，建立辫状河地震响应模式。利用含气储层和围岩泊松比差异明显的特点，尝试应用叠前AVO资料来识别含气储层。借鉴地震沉积学理论和方法，提出将AVO属性体岩性化，以便于后续的岩性解释。采用切片方法合理获取山1段砂体地震反射等时面。研究结果表明：正演和生产实践均验证了AVO属性体岩性化这一方法的合理性和实用性。应用该方法对研究区盒8段和山1段含气储层进行了有效的识别，具有等时意义的地震切片属性准确地反映了含气储层空间发育及平面展布特点。
The He 8 and Shan 1 members belonging to braided-river deposition are pay zones of Sulige western region, Ordos basin. The ranges of P-wave impedance of gas-bearing reservoir and surrounding rocks of these two members are overlapping. The gas reservoir could not be feasibly recognized by conventional post-stack seismic data. Also,due to the discontinuous mid-weak amplitude of seismic reflection,the seismic event of Shan1 member can′t be picked in the whole work area,leading to difficulty in obtaining the plane view of its sandstone distribution. Attempting to solve the problems above, we established the seismic response characterization of braided-river according to its sedimentary model. As the difference of Poisson ratio of gas-bearing reservoir and surrounding rocks are distinct,the AVO seismic data were utilized to identify gas-bearing reservoir. The conception of lithological converting has been proposed with reference to the theory of seismic-sedimentology. The AVO att

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基于对AVO技术研究现状的深入调研,重点研究了基于叠前地震资料预测天然气饱和度的线性岩石属性变换的NI反演方法,探讨了如何对反演结果进行敏感性分析来正确预测有商业开采价值的天然气储层。实际应用结果表明,本文提出的天然气饱和度预测方法可行有效。
Based on probing into the research sta-tus of AVO technique,a NI inversion method oflinear rock-attribute transformation was emphati-cally researched,which can be used to predict gassaturation on a basis of prestack seismic data.Furthermore,it was discussed how to make thesensitivity analysis of the inversion results in orderto correctly predict commercial gas reservoirs.The practical applications have shown that thismethod to predict gas saturation is feasible and ef-fective.

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缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层存在强烈的空间非均质性,储层表征与评价难度极大。塔北隆起西部W区块奥陶系中统顶部发育稳定的台地相碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层。应用古地理坐标转换构造建模技术、测井储层分析方法,并结合缝洞型储层地震属性进行储层相研究,以储层相分析成果为基础建立双孔隙度模型,对缝洞型储层进行定量表征,最后结合AVO流体预测,进行综合评价。研究表明:该区碳酸盐岩储层类型主要为裂缝型、裂缝孔洞型,裂缝既是储集空间又是孔洞形成的诱导因素;本征值裂缝属性和地震波形分类属性对裂缝与孔洞响应较为敏感;储层含油饱和度提高之后,AVO现象更趋明显,叠前AVO反演的流体预测技术能对缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层流体进行合理预测、评价。
Fracture-cavity type carbonatite reservoir has strong dimensional anisotropism, and hence reservoir characterization and eval-uation are very difficult. The plateau facies carbonatite fracture-cavity reservoir is stably developed in Middle Ordovician strata in west-ern W block of northern Tarim uplift. Utilizing paleo-geographic coordinate transform, logging reservoir analysis and sensibility attribu-tor analysis of the fracture-cavity type carbonatite reservoir, the authors studied the reservoir facies. Based on reservoir facies research and utilizing stochastic method, the authors built the dual porosity model for fracture-cavity reservoir, and characterized the carbonatite reservoir. Finally, in combination with AVO inversion and reservoir characterization, the carbonatite reservoir was evaluated. It is proved that the reservoir pattern in the study area is mainly of the fracture and cavity type, with fractures acting both as hydrocarbon ac-cumulation space and as the factor for the

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目的 探讨氯喹对食管癌TE-1细胞系的放射增敏作用及其主要机制.方法 采用MTT法检测不同浓度氯喹对TE-1细胞的生长抑制作用.分别用单纯照射或照射前联合氯喹、照射后联合氯喹作用于TE-1细胞,作用6h后用Western blot测定自噬相关蛋白LC3和Beclin1的表达,用Lyso-Tracker Red DND-99/Hochest 33258进行荧光染色,并用荧光显微镜观察细胞内酸性囊泡(AVOs)的变化.克隆形成实验分析细胞增殖的改变,拟合剂量-生存曲线并计算放射增敏参数.结果 氯喹对TE-1细胞的生长抑制作用呈浓度依赖性.辐射显著诱导TE-1细胞LC3和Beclin1的表达,并促进LC3-Ⅰ转换为LC3-Ⅱ.与单纯照射及照射前加药相比,照射后加药显著降低TE-1细胞内AVOs的荧光强度(F=16.44,P＜0.05)和克隆形成率,照射前加药和照射后加药的SERD0分别为1.037和1.439(t =8.30,P＜0.05).结论 氯喹能增加食管鳞癌TE-1细胞的放射敏感性,其机制可能与抑制自噬作用相关.
Objective To investigate the possibility of chloroquine radiosensitization of esophageal cancer cell line TE-1 and its further mechanism.Methods Effect of chloroquine on cell viability of TE-1 cells was determined by MTT method.Expression of LC3,Beclin-1 and formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) were determined by Western blot,and fluorescence staining with Lyso-Tracker Red DND-99,respectively.Clonogenic survival of TE-1 cells was examined by clonogenic forming assay.Results Chloroquine showed dose-dependent inhibition of TE-1 cell growth,and its values of IC50 and IC10 were (72.33 ± 5.28) and (15.42 ± 3.33) μmol/L,respectively.The expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ markedly increased in irradiated TE-1 cells.The addition of chloroquine with IC10concentration significantly reduced the fluorescence and intensity of AVOs accumulation in the cytoplasm of TE-1 cells.Clonogenic survival fraction decreased obviously,in TE-1 cells with addition of chloroquine after ra

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最近几年里,页岩气已经进入商业勘探开发阶段,但是页岩气作为非常规油气,需要利用水平井及大规模压裂,获得较高产量.为了对页岩气藏的可改造性进行评价,从单井岩石物理分析入手,优选拉梅常数*密度参数指示页岩层脆性矿物含量,开展叠前AVO同步反演,预测页岩层脆性矿物含量,进而优选页岩气藏工程"甜点区".
In recent years,shale gas exploration and development has entered to the commercial stage,but as unconventional oil and gas shale gas requires the use of horizontal wells and large-scale fracturing,get a higher yield. In this paper,in order to transform the shale gas reservoirs can be evaluated,starting from a single well petrophysical analysis,preferably Lame constants*density parameter indicates brittle shale mineral content,to carry out pre-stack AVO inversion synchronization,forecasting brittle shale mineral content,and more preferably shale gas reservoir engineering“sweet zone”.

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对于非常规的储层,例如页岩气,它的储层区是脆性的。在描述不同岩石物理的参数中,杨氏模量E是衡量岩石的脆性的。计算杨氏模量E时,需要有效密度,而计算密度时需要的大偏移距地震资料通常是很难得到的。针对这种情况提出了一种新岩石物理参数E,即杨氏模量和密度的乘积,通过与属性的对比体现其在AVO叠前反演中的优势。
The discrimination of fluid content and lithology in a reservoir is animportant characterization that has a bearing on reservoir development and itsmanagement. Amongst the different petrophysical parameters, Young''s modulus (E) is a measure of their brittleness. But the densityis difficult to derive from seismic data, unless long offset information isavailable. Due to this, we propose a new attribute, E, which is the product of Young''s modulus and density, having some advantages in the AVO pre stack inversion by comparison with Mu Rhoattributes.

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