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双语推荐：AquaCrop

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介绍了AquaCrop模型的原理及基本参数,从模型的校验与应用两方面阐述了该模型的研究进展。指出目前仍缺乏实测数据验证AquaCrop模型对蒸发及蒸腾的模拟效果;AquaCrop模型在严重水分及盐分胁迫下模拟结果精度较差;已开展的模拟研究地域范围窄;由于缺少更复杂的生理子模块,AquaCrop模型不能很好解释水分胁迫对光合产物向籽粒运输分配过程的影响。为了提高模型的模拟精度并进一步延伸模型的应用范围,应完善模型水分及盐胁迫模块,并在较广范围内获取丰富的实测数据对模型开展进一步的校验研究。
The theory ,parameters and characteristics of AquaCrop model were introduced and its research progress was reviewed from the viewpoints of validation and application of the model .It was pointed that :the measured data of e-vaporation and transpiration were still lacked for the validation of simulating results of AquaCrop model ;the performance of AquaCrop model was poor under severe water and salt stress conditions ;The locations for model study were not di-verse;Because of lacking of the move complicated plant physiological submodel ,AquaCrop model was not able to account for water stress impact on biomass partitioning into yield .In order to increase the accuracy degree of AquaCrop model and extend its application range ,it is necessary to get abundant data measured for diverse locations and perfect the module of water and salt stress .

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利用作物生长机理模型---AquaCrop 模型，建立作物生长环境要素(气象、土壤水分等)与产量之间的定量关系，以此构建农业旱灾损失定量评估模型，并对云南省曲靖市沾益县一季中稻的旱灾损失进行了实例计算。结果表明， AquaCrop 模型能够客观地评估农业因旱损失，为旱灾风险分析计算提供灾损数据支撑。
T he AquaCrop model, based on t he mechanism of crop growth process, was introduced to develop the quantitative rela-tionship betw een crop environmental factors( w eather, soil moisture, etc) and crop yields, and t hen to construct a quantitat ive e-valuation model of the agricultural drought losses. The model w as applied to calculate the agricultural drought losses of season rice in Zhanyi County of Qujing City in Yunnan Province. The results showed that the AquaCrop model can assess the agricul-tural drought losses objectively and provide data support for drought risk analysis.

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为应用 AquaCrop 模型模拟覆膜玉米水分利用与产量形成过程，该文根据玉米发育阶段生长度日恒定原理，利用地积温对气积温的补偿效应，改进AquaCrop模型对覆膜玉米的气温计算方法，并根据2011年的生育期、耗水量和产量实测数据对改进模型参数进行校正，依据2012年与2013年的冠层覆盖度、土体贮水量、产量与水分利用效率试验数据对改进模型验证。结果表明，玉米地膜覆盖地积温对气积温的量化补偿系数（Cm）：播种-出苗为1.356，出苗-抽雄前为0.635；校正改进的AquaCrop模型能够较好地模拟覆膜与裸地玉米生育天数、作物耗水量、籽粒产量，相对误差（Pe）、模型效率（CE）、残差系数（CRM）变幅分别为：-4%0.88， CE>0.87,0.09AquaCrop模型对覆膜与裸地玉米产量的模拟要好于水分利用效率。总体上改进的 AquaCrop 模型模拟覆膜玉米既具有良好的机理性，又具有良好的适用性。本研究可为气候变化条件下开展覆膜玉米生产潜力及限制产量的水温因素等研究提供参考依据与技术支撑。
Model simulated crop growth and productivity has been a widely accepted and powerful tool for assessing agricultural production in response to weather, soil, water and nutrients management. A water-driven AquaCrop model recommended by FAO can evaluate the various crops growing across climate, soil, water deficit and irrigation management conditions apart from surface soil mulching process. In this study, AquaCrop model for simulating maize (Zea mays L.) canopy growth, soil water utilization and grain yield formation of mulching maize with plastic film was developed in the northwest semi-arid region of Liaoning province, China (121.70°E, 42.11°N). Based upon invariance of growing degree days (GDD) principle, we modified mean daily air temperature calculation method of AquaCrop model for maize with plastic film mulch according to compensatory effect of cumulative soil temperature to cumulative air temperature, and calibrated this developed model using measured experimental da

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为将AquaCrop模型应用于华北平原夏玉米水分研究中,于2011-2012年在中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站进行了夏玉米水分处理试验,在参数率定与模型验证的基础上对华北平原水量平衡及水分利用效率的现状进行了分析。结果表明,AquaCrop模型能够较好地模拟夏玉米的产量、生物量、冠层发育过程以及表层土壤水储量的动态变化。从生物量角度来看,夏玉米的水分利用效率在8月中旬达到最大,可达10 kg/m3左右,其整个生长季水分利用效率为4.9-5.8 kg/m3;从产量角度来看,水分利用效率为2.3-3.0 kg/m3,且在整个生长季土壤水储量呈增加趋势。研究阐明了AquaCrop模型在华北平原地区有较好的适用性,可以应用于夏玉米耗水与水分利用效率方面的研究。
To evaluate the applicability ofthe A quaC rop m odelforthe w aterconsum ption ofsum m erm aize in the N orth C hina Plain (NCP),a field experim entw asconducted in 2011-2012 in Luancheng A griculturalEcosystem Experim ental Station of the C hinese A cadem y of Sciences.A fter the param eter calibration and the m odelvalidation,the m odelw as then applied to analyze the w ater balance and w ater use efficiency of the sum m er m aize cropping system in NCP.O ur sim ulation results show thatthe A quaC rop m odelw as capable ofsim ulating the yield,biom ass,canopy developm entand surface soilw atercontentofsuch a cropping system .The biom ass-scaled w ateruse efficiency w as estim ated as 4.9-5.8 kg/m 3 during the grow ing season, and reached a peak of 10 kg/m 3 in m id-A ugust, w hile the yield-scaled w ater use efficiency ranged from 2.3 to 3.0 kg/m 3. B esides, the soil w ater content increased during the w hole grow ing season. O verall,the A quaC rop m odelperform ed w ellto sim ulat

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