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双语推荐：Carbon

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结合二氧化碳-甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯(dimethyl carbonate,DMC)的研究现状和二氧化碳-甘油合成甘油碳酸酯(glycerol carbonate,GC)的研究现状展开论述与讨论分析。形成二氧化碳-甲醇-甘油体系直接合成甘油碳酸酯联产碳酸二甲酯的思路,并探讨其实施的可能途径和潜在的影响因素。
In this paper,the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide with metha-nol and the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from carbon dioxide with glycerol were reviewed. The research progresses of these two processes were discussed and analyzed,and then a di-rectly synthesis of glycerol carbonate via dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide,methanol and glycerol reaction system was established.In addition,the possible approach for imple-mentation and the potential influencing factors were described.

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The superlative mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes make them the filler material of choice for composite reinforcement. Carbon nanotubes have been considered to be one of the most researched materials of the 21st century. In this paper, carbon nanotubes reinforced Kevlar composite and its application in personal armor has been analyzed as well as the processing cost being evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of the nanocomposite for the application were shortlisted. Current and future developmental trends for this application were discussed.
The superlative mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes make them the filler material of choice for composite reinforcement. Carbon nanotubes have been considered to be one of the most researched materials of the 21st century. In this paper, carbon nanotubes reinforced Kevlar composite and its application in personal armor has been analyzed as well as the processing cost being evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of the nanocomposite for the application were shortlisted. Current and future developmental trends for this application were discussed.

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总结了大肠杆菌中C源分解代谢(carbon catabolite repression,CCR)现象的原理及特点,综述并分析了如何通过对宿主菌进行基因工程改造以解除碳代谢抑制,以实现大肠杆菌利用多种C源。
The recent development in carbon catabolite repression( CCR) and its effect on carbon resource utilization are summarized.Meanwhile, the co-utilization of the mixed carbon sources in engineered Escherichia coli are analyzed and prospected.

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In this paper,SmCo6.9Hf0.1as-cast alloys and ribbons with the addition of either graphite(C)or carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were prepared by arc melting and melt-spinning,respectively.The effects of adding carbon on the structure and magnetic properties SmCo6.9Hf0.1were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),magnetic force microscopy(MFM)and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).It was found that the microstructure and magnetic structure of SmCo6.9Hf0.1ribbons were changed obviously due to the introduction of C or CNTs,although their crystal structure was characterized as the same Sm(Co,Hf)7single phase,no matter carbon was added or not.As a result,the magnetic properties of carbon-contained ribbons were enhanced in a certain degree.This was considered to be related to the refined equiaxed grains,small domain size and the pinning effect of C or CNTs-rich regions.The magnetic properties of SmCo6.9Hf0.1(CNTs)0.05ribbo
In this paper, SmCo6.9Hf0.1 as-cast alloys and ribbons with the addition of either graphite (C) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by arc melting and melt-spinning, respectively. The effects of adding carbon on the structure and magnetic properties SmCo6.9Hf0.1 were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It was found that the micro-structure and magnetic structure of SmCo6.9Hf0.1 ribbons were changed obviously due to the introduction of C or CNTs, although their crystal structure was characterized as the same Sm(Co,Hf)7 single phase, no matter carbon was added or not. As a result, the magnetic properties of carbon-contained ribbons were enhanced in a certain degree. This was considered to be related to the refined equiaxed grains, small domain size and the pinning effect of C or CNTs-rich regions. The magnetic properties o

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carbone、 silylone、germylone、stannylone和plumbylone是近年新出现的化学术语，尚无确定的中文名。建议将其分别译为卡本、硅卡本、锗卡本、锡卡本和铅卡本。
Carbone, silylone, germylone, stannylone and plumbylone are new terms in molecular chemistry. Their corresponding Chinese translations are suggested in this paper.

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Advanced zinc-cerium redox flow battery(ZCRFB) is a large-scale energy storage system which plays a significant role in the application of new energy sources. The requirement of superior cathode with high acitivity and fast ion diffusion is a hierarchical porous structure, which was synthesized in this work by a method in which both hard template and soft template were used. The structure and the performance of the cathode prepared here were characterized and evaluated by a variety of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), cyclic voltammetry(CV), linear sweep voltammetry(LSV), and chronoamperometry(CA). There were mainly three types of pore size within the hierarchical porous carbon: 2 μm, 80 nm, and 10 nm. The charge capacity of the cell using hierarchical porous carbon(HPC) as positive electrode was obviously larger than that using carbon felt; the former was 665.5 mAh with a coulo
Advanced zinc-cerium redox flow battery (ZCRFB) is a large-scale energy storage system which plays a significant role in the application of new energy sources. The requirement of superior cathode with high acitivity and fast ion diffusion is a hierarchical porous structure, which was synthesized in this work by a method in which both hard template and soft template were used. The structure and the performance of the cathode prepared here were characterized and evaluated by a variety of techniques such as scan-ning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltam-metry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and chronoamperometry (CA). There were mainly three types of pore size within the hierarchical porous carbon:2μm, 80 nm, and 10 nm. The charge capacity of the cell using hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) as posi-tive electrode was obviously larger than that using carbon felt;the former was 665.5 mAh with

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目的 观察侧卧折刀位对动脉血-呼气末二氧化碳分压差[difference of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery and end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide,P(a-ET)CO2]的影响. 方法 36例择期手术患者分为两组(每组18例)∶对照组(C组)为择期行腹部手术患者,术中一直为仰卧位;实验组(L组)为择期行肾脏切除术、输尿管切开取石术或肾上腺囊肿切除术等患者,术中需要仰卧位变为侧卧折刀位.两组患者均采用全凭静脉麻醉,气管插管后机械通气,设置呼吸频率15次/min,吸呼比1∶1.5,维持呼气末二氧化碳分压(end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide,PETCO2)在30 mmHg～35 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)之间.两组患者在PETCO2稳定(波动不超过1 mmHg)(T0)后15 min时(T1)和35 min时(T2)行动脉血气分析,期间不调整呼吸参数.L组于T1时仰卧位改为侧卧折刀位,而C组仰卧位不变.术中常规监测心电图、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度、有创血压、潮气量、气道峰压、分钟通气量、PETCO2等. 结果 L组T2时PETCO2、动脉血二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery,PaCO2)和p(a-ET)CO2分别为(28.4±2.3)、(35.7±3.3)、(7.2±3.0)mmHg,而L组T1时分别为(32.2±1.8)、(34.2±2.0)、(2.6±2.8)
Objective To observe the effects of lateral position plus jacknife position on difference of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery and end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide[P(a-ET）CO2].Methods Thirty-six patients undergoing elective surgery under total intravenous anesthesia were involved.Patients were divided into two groups (n=18):control group (group C) and experimental group (group L).Patients undergoing abdominal surgery were at supine position in group C.Patients undergoing nephrectomy,ureterolithotomy surgery or adrenal cyst resection were at lateral position plus jacknife position.Patients were endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation,respiratory rate was 15 rpm,inspiratory/expiratory ratio was 1∶1.5.End-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide(PETCO2) was stable between 30 mmHg-35 mmHg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).Blood gas analysis was done at 15 (T1),35 min (T2) and PETCO2 was stable (T0)(the fluctuation was less than 1 mmHg).The ventilator parameters were not bee

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2014年国际碳会议（Carbon2014）于2014年6月29日-7月4日在韩国济州举行。会议主办方为韩国碳索学会，并得到了韩国KOFST的大力支持。来自35个国家和地区的859位学者参加了这次会议，与会代表人数排名前10位的国家和地区分别是：韩国、中国、日本、美国、法国、德国、英国、西班牙和哈萨克斯坦。中国大陆地区来自清华大学、北京大学、中国科学院金属研究所、北京化工大学、西北工业大学和中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所等单位的119名学者参加了会议。本次会议共收录729篇摘要，围绕碳科学的研究现状和热点共设置了7个主题，其中大会报告（Plenary Lecture）5篇，分会主题报告（Keynote lecture Talk）10篇，分会邀请报告（Invited Lecture Talk）46篇，其它口头报告273篇，墙报展示395篇。
The 2014 Annual World Conference on Carbon (Carbon 2014), hosted by the Korean Carbon Society, was held in Je-ju, Korea, June 29-July 4, 2014. 859 attendees from 35 countries/regions participated in the conference, and 729 papers were ac-cepted for presentation, including 5 plenary lectures, 10 keynote talks, 46 invited lectures, 273 oral presentations and 395 posters, covering 7 topics:graphene;carbon nanotubes and related carbon nanomaterials;carbon precursors, carbon fibers and composites;industrial graphites, carbon industry news, and carbon blacks;porous carbons, carbon for health and environmental protection;car-bons for sustainable energy conversion and storage, carbons for energy saving;analysis, characterization, computation and modeling of carbons. Research on and development of nanocarbons are quite active and in particular, graphene received tremendous interest. Rapid progress has also been made on the electrochemical properties, energy conversion and energy stora

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在全球变暖步伐不断加快、环保意识不断提升的背景下,如何降低全球碳排放量变得十分迫切。碳捕捉与封存技术（Carbon Capture and Storage,简称CCS技术）通过对碳的捕获、存储能有效阻止CO2向大气排放,具有较大的碳减排潜力,受到了许多国家的青睐。美国作为煤炭燃烧的大国,十分重视对CCS技术的研发。基于PEST分析模型从政策、经济、社会、技术等方面对美国CCS技术发展环境进行全面地分析,进而探讨对我国CCS技术发展的有益启示。
How to reduce global carbon emissions becomes urgent under the background of global warming and environmental protection consciousness rising, CCS(Carbon Capture and Storage)prevents CO2 emissions into the atmosphere effectively by Carbon Capture and Storage, which has great potential of Carbon reduction and gets the favor of many countries. As a country depending much on coal burn-ing, the United States pays great attention on promoting development of CCS technology. This paper analyzes current situation of CCS in US from the aspects of policy, economy, society, technology based on the PEST analysis model. For the purpose of understanding devel-opment environment of CCS technology in US systematically, this paper then provides beneficial enlightenments of CCS technology devel-opment for China.

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嵌入式碳足迹(Embedded Carbon Footprint,ECF)是居民消费的产品或服务在其生命周期过程中所产生的碳排放,测量比较困难。居民消费产生的碳排放已经成为我国碳排放增长的重要因素,从消费者角度研究碳排放及其驱动因素对节能减排有重要的现实意义。通过构建碳排放投入产出模型对城镇居民嵌入式碳足迹(ECF)进行测算,并运用LMDI因素分解模型分析中国城镇居民嵌入式碳足迹的影响因素。结果表明:生活水平效应较大,为正效应,对总ECF的贡献度是233%;碳排放强度为负效应,对总ECF的贡献度是133%;消费结构为正效应,对总ECF的贡献度是9%。因此,政府应倡导居民节约消费,大力发展低碳产业,注重交通项目的减排。
Embedded Carbon Footprint (ECF) is a sort of carbon emissions produced by consumer products or services in the life cycle, which is difficult to measure. Because carbon emissions embedded in residential consumption is a major growth point of carbon emissions in China, the research on the factors driving carbon emissions needs to be further investigated from the perspective of residential consumption. In this paper, a carbon emission input-output model was built to calculate the Embedded Carbon Footprint (ECF) of Chinese urban residents. In addition, this paper aims to investigate the factors affecting carbon emissions from the perspective of residential consumption based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). The results show that: Firstly, the effect of per capita consumption expenditure is positive, contributing to 233% in the total ECF. Secondly, the effect of carbon intensity is negative, contributing to-133%in the total ECF. Finally, the effect of consumption structure is posit

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