目的：了解致病性问号钩体螺旋体（简称钩体）脂多糖（ L-LPS）和外膜蛋白（ L-OMP）诱导J774A．1小鼠巨噬细胞死亡及其与Fas/FasL相关性。方法分别采用酚水法和Triton X-114法从问号钩体黄疸出血群赖型赖株中提取L-LPS和L-OMP。采用流式细胞术检测紫外线灭活前后问号钩体赖株、多黏菌素B（PMB）处理前后L-LPS、蛋白酶K（PK）作用前后L-OMP诱导J774A．1细胞凋亡及坏死情况。采用siRNA沉默J774A．1细胞Fas或FasL基因并用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测靶基因沉默效果。采用流式细胞术测定L-LPS或L-OMPs诱导Fas或FasL基因沉默J774 A．1细胞凋亡的作用。结果紫外线灭活前后问号钩体赖株可引起相似的J774A．1细胞早期凋亡率（55．6％和47．1％）和晚期凋亡/坏死率（7．9％和7．6％）。100 ng L-LPS或100μg L-OMP作用1×105 J774A．1细胞4 h后，早期凋亡率和晚期凋亡/坏死率分别为40．4％和34．0％、7．5％和6．9％，但等量PMB预处理L-LPS或PK预处理L-OMP诱导细胞凋亡或坏死的作用消失。 Fas或FasL基因沉默后，L-LPS诱导的J774A．1细胞早期凋亡率均显著下降（P＜0．05），L-OMP仅使Fas基因沉默J774A．1细胞早期凋亡率有所下降（P＜0．05）。结论 L-LPS和L-OMP可诱导Fas/FasL相关巨噬细胞凋亡，从而有利于问号钩体在宿主体内建立有效感染。

Objective To investigate the role of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans lipopolysaccha-ride (L-LPS) and outer membrane proteins (L-OMP) in the apoptosis of mouse macrophages (J774A.1) and their association with Fas/FasL pathway .Methods Phenol-water extraction and Triton X-114 phase separation were used to extract L-LPS and L-OMP from L.interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai strain Lai, respectively.Polymyxin B ( PMB) and protease K ( PK) were used to treat L-LPS and L-OMP, respectively.J774A.1 cells were stimulated by L.interrogans strain Lai with or without ultraviolet inactivation.In parallel, the cells were stimulated by extracted L-LPS and L-OMP with or without PMB and PK treatments .The apoptosis and necrosis of J 774 A.1 cells before and after treatment were detected by flow cytometry.The siRNAs were used to silence the expression of Fas or FasL gene in J 774A.1 cells and their inhibitory effects were further validated by using real-time fluorescent quantitative RT

目的：研究在正畸治疗中内收及压低上颌前牙时牙根吸收的情况。方法40例上颌前突的AngleⅠ类或AngleⅡ类1分类错牙合畸形的病例，其中20例采用单纯直丝弓治疗（直丝弓组），另外20例在内收前牙阶段配合应用高位J钩压低上前牙（直丝弓配合高位J钩组）。矫治前后拍摄全颌曲面断层片，分别测量两组治疗前后的上前牙牙根吸收等级。结果两组病例矫治后均有牙根吸收，两组治疗后牙根吸收等级差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）；每组治疗前后的牙根吸收等级比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论在正畸治疗内收上前牙中配合高位J钩较易引起前牙的牙根吸收。

Objective To investigate the root resorption during orthodontic treatment with retracting and intruding the anterior teeth. Methods There were 40 cases of Angle Class Ⅰor Angle Class Ⅱcrossbite of maxillary protrusion. Among them, 20 cases were treated by straight wire along (straight wire group), and the other 20 cases were treated by additional high pull J hook headgear (HPHG) to assist anterior teeth retraction. Panoramic radiographs were taken before and after the orthodontic treatment, and were used to evaluate the degree of root resorption of upper anterior teeth. Results Root resorption occurred in both groups, and the difference of the degree of root resorption between the two groups had statistical significance (P<0.01). There were differences of the degree of root resorption in each group before and after the treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion The combination of HPHG and straight wire in orthodontic treatment can lead to easy root resorption of anterior teeth.

目的 利用三维有限元方法探讨J钩高位牵引辅助压低并内收上颌前牙的生物力学机制,以期为临床治疗提供参考.方法 在ANSYS 14.0软件中建立包括上颌牙列、牙周膜、直丝弓矫治器及上颌骨的三维有限元模型.模拟J钩施加1.5 N力量压低内收上前牙,A组加载于侧切牙近中,B组加载于侧切牙远中.牵引方向与矢状面保持30°不变、与(牙合)平面的角度在20°～ 60°之间,每间隔5°设置1种工况,两组共18种工况.分析上前牙位移及牙周膜应力情况.结果 随着牵引角度增大,上前牙位移趋势逐渐由舌向移动为主伴压低的顺时针旋转移动,变为整体压低、内收移动,最后变为压低伴唇向倾斜的逆时针旋转移动.在侧切牙近中以35°加载或在侧切牙远中以45°加载时,上前牙出现相对均匀一致的整体压低、内收移动,整体无旋转的趋势.结论 对于唇倾度正常的上颌前牙,J钩高位牵引加载于侧切牙近中更有利于前牙的整体压低和内收,临床上应根据个体情况和治疗目标调整牵引角度.

Objective To investigate the biomechanics of J-hook headgear in En mass intrusion and retraction of maxillary anterior teeth and provide guidance for clinical treatment.Methods A three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary teeth,periodontium,straight wire appliance and maxillary bone was established in ANSYS 14.0.En mass retraction of anterior teeth with force of 1.5 N through J-hook headgear was stimulated.Force was applied mesial to lateral incisor in group A and distal to lateral incisor in group B.The force direction was 30° to the sagittal plane and 20° to 60° to the occlusal plane.Force direction to the occlusal plane was changed every 5°and 18 cases were calculated.Displacement of upper anterior teeth and stress distribution in the periodontium were analyzed.Results As the degrees of force direction to the occlusal plane increased,the moving pattern of upper anterior teeth changed from clockwise rotation(lingual movement with intrusion) to bodily retraction

目的：探讨经皮肾镜一期治疗继发性上尿路狭窄合并肾结石的可行性与临床疗效。方法回顾分析我院2006年7月～2013年7月97例继发性上尿路狭窄合并肾结石的临床资料。建立F24标准经皮肾镜操作通道，超声联合气压弹道将结石击碎并吸出体外，应用自制电钩或钬激光直视下将狭窄段切开。放置F5双J管2枚内引流。结果93例一期手术成功，手术时间30～180 min，平均75 min。1例因输尿管管腔完全闭塞，改开放手术；2例穿刺出脓性尿液，肾镜下碎石取石后，放置肾造瘘，二期内切开术；1例碎石时间较长，改二期内切开术。93例一期手术成功者术后随访3个月～3年，平均12个月。治愈84例，有效6例，无效3例。结论经皮肾镜一期治疗继发性上尿路狭窄合并肾结石，临床效果较好，手术创伤较小，术后恢复好、快，安全，具有可重复性的优点。

Objective To investigate the feasibility and the efficacy of one-stage percutaneous nephroscopy in the treatment of secondary upper urinary stricture combined with renal calculi. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on clinical data of 97 patients with secondary upper urinary stricture complicated with renal calculi from July 2006 to July 2013. Percutaneous nephroscopy was performed through the F24 standard approach.The renal stones were broken and sucked out by the combination of pneumatic and ultrasonic measures.The ureterostenosis segment was opened by using endoscopic incision with monopolar or holmium laser.Two F5 D-J stent were placed after the operation. Results The operation was successfully accomplished in one session in 93 patients.The operation time ranged from 30 to 180 min, with a mean of 75 min.Conversion to open surgery was required in 1 patient because of complete ureteral occlusion.Two patients with renal stones were accompanied with pyonephrosis,