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双语推荐：LNA

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这里首先简单介绍了低噪声放大器(LNA)电路的设计理论,然后介绍了数字对讲机中LNA的设计指标.基于这些指标,使用了HP公司提供的芯片AT-41511,详细阐述了基于ADS仿真的适用于数字对讲机中LNA的主要设计步骤.最后在ADS仿真软件下通过S参数及谐波平衡仿真得到设计出的LNA的各项性能参数,在400~470 MHz频率范围内噪声系数小于0.8 dB,带内增益大于15 dB.仿真结果表明,该设计的LNA可以完全满足所给的性能指标要求.
@@@@The designing theory of LNA is described first, then the design index of low noise amplifier in digital walkie presented. Based on these indexes and with AT-41511 from HP company, LNA in digital walkie based on ADS simulation is designed, and the main design procedures are also explained. Finally, from the simulation on S parameters and harmonic balance, the performance indexes of the designed LNA are obtained, and the noise figure is less than 0.8 dB, and in-band gain more than 15 dB in the frequency range of 400~470 MHz. The simulation result shows that the design could meet the performance requirement.

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结合MMIC低噪声放大器(LNA)设计技术,探讨了线性无源二端口网络在MMIC LNA设计中的相关特性.为了实现MMIC低噪声放大器指标的精确设计,首先由无源二端口网络的散射参数矩阵推导了其相关特性,然后结合法国UMS公司的PH25工艺,提出了一种MMIC低噪声放大器拓扑结构的设计方法,验证了这些特性在MMIC低噪声放大器设计中的作用.
In this paper,the relevant characteristics of passive two?port network are discussed in combination with the de?sign technology of MMIC Low?Noise Amplifiers(LNA). To achieve the precise design of MMIC LNA specifications,some rele?vant characteristics are deduced from the scattering parameter matrix of passive two?port networks. A design method of topologi?cal structure of MMIC LNA topology is proposed by means of UMS′s PH25 process. The function of these characteristics in MMIC LNA design was validated.

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实现了一款超宽带低噪声放大器( UWB LNA)。该UWB LNA由输入级、中间级和输出级组成。在输入级,采用两个共栅配置构成了噪声抵消技术,减少了噪声,在此结构基础上进一步采用了跨导增强技术,提高了增益。同时插入的电感Lin提高了LNA在宽带范围内的增益平坦度。中间级放大器,在漏极并联电感产生零点,提高了LNA的带宽。输出级为源极跟随器,较好实现了LNA的阻抗匹配。基于0.18μm TSMC CMOS工艺仿真验证表明,在4 GHz~10 GHz频带范围内,电压增益( S21)为(19.2±0.3)dB,噪声系数(NF)介于2.1 dB~2.4 dB之间,输入、输出反射系数(S11、S22)均小于-10 dB。在9 GHz时,输入三阶交调点(IIP3)达到-7 dBm。在1.8 V的电源电压下,功耗为28.6 mW。
An ultra-wideband low noise amplifier ( UWB LNA) was presented. The UWB LNA is composed of input stage,intermediate stage and output stage. At input stage,noise cancellation structure constructed by two common-gate configuration is utilized to decrease noise figure,Gm-boost structure is used to enhance gain,the inserted inductor Lin improves the gain flatness of the LNA within the wideband. At intermediate stage,the bandwidth is broaden due to the zero generated by shunt inductor at the drain of amplifier. The output stage is a source follower which provides a good output matching easily. Based on 0.18μm standard CMOS process,the LNA is verified. The voltage gain( S21 ) main-tains 19.2 dB± 0.3 dB,noise figure(NF)swings from 2.1 dB to 2.4 dB,input reflection(S11)and output reflection (S22)are less than -10 dB within the range of 4 GHz~10 GHz. The input intercept point(IIP3)is-7 dBm at 9 GHz. The LNA consumes only 28.6 mW from a 1.8 V voltage.

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设计了一款超宽带低噪声放大器(UWB LNA).采用Cascode-共基极电流复用结构,直流通路时能有效降低功耗,交流通路时增加了电路的增益,并且保持了Cascode结构高反向隔离性的优点.采用有源电感替代输出级的螺旋电感,减小了芯片面积,并且通过改变有源电感等效电感值的大小,实现UWB LNA增益的调节功能.基于Jazz 0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺,利用射频/微波集成电路仿真工具ADS对该UWB LNA进行了验证.结果表明:在3.1~10.6GHz频段内,增益大于14.1dB,噪声系数小于4.0dB,输入与输出反射系数均小于-10dB,频率为7GHz时输入三阶交调点为-11dBm,功耗为19.75mW.
An ultra‐wideband low noise amplifier (UWB LNA) was presented .A Cascode‐common base configured current reuse topology was employed ,and the power consumption could be effectively reduced for direct current ,w hile the gain of the circuit could be increased for alternating current ,and simultaneously the current‐reused topology kept the advantage of Cascode high reverse isolation .The spiral inductor of the output stage was replaced by active inductor and the die area of UWB LNA was reduced ,and furthermore ,the gain of UWB LNA could be tunable by adjusting the effective induct‐ance of the active inductor .Based on Jazz 0 .35μm SiGe BiCMOS technology ,UWB LNA was verified with radio frequency and microwave integrated circuits simulation tools ADS .Results show that the improved UWB LNA exhibits the following performance in the frequency range of 3 .1~10 .6 GHz :the gain is larger than 14 .1 dB ,the noise figure is lower than 4 .0 dB ,the input and output reflections are

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提出了一种基于低Q值匹配网络的超宽带低噪声放大器(LNA)的设计方法。该方法将LC滤波电路加入偏置电路中,以降低系统噪声同时调节匹配网络Q值;通过选择合适的反馈回路,提高LNA的带宽并调节匹配网路Q值;利用匹配电路结构及优化的Q值,解决了放大器频带窄、噪声高、增益低的问题。测试结果表明,在频段1.5 GHz~2.5 GHz内,其纹波特性低于1 dB,增益达到25 dB。将实测结果与仿真结果相比较,验证了该设计方法的合理性,与传统LNA设计方法相比,采用低Q值匹配网络的设计方法结构简单、性能优越,具有广泛的应用价值。
A novel LNA ( Low Noise Amplifier ) is proposed by using low Q value of matching network. The LC filtering circuit is merged in biasing circuit in order to reduce the noise of system and to monitor the Q value of the matching network in the design;By choosing the suitable feedback loop to raise the bandwidth of the LNA and to adjust the Q value of the matching network;By taking advantage of the structure of matching circuit and the optimization of the Q value,a few problems of Amplifier is settled down,such as the narrow bandwidth,the high noise and the low gain. The LNA is measured under the bandwidth of 1. 5 GHz ~2. 5 GHz, the ripple wave characteristic is lower than 1 dB,moreover the gain is 25 dB. The measured result is compared with the simulation result,it can be verified the design is reasonable. And the structure of the design method is simple and the performance is more superior,meanwhile the application is wide.

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为探究生产一线所使用的实用饲料对养殖草鱼体组织脂肪酸组成的影响，试验对两种草鱼育成期商品饲料（CY1和CY2）及该饲料饲喂草鱼的肝胰脏、腹腔脂肪组织、肾脏、肠道、脾脏、肌肉、鳃、眼、脑9种组织的脂肪酸组成进行了检测和分析、结果显示，CY1和CY2饲料亚油酸（LA）含量分别为35．13％和35．07％，亚麻酸（LNA）含量分别为4．93％和9．01％，花生四烯酸（ARA）含量分别为1．10％和10．88％，n=3高不饱和脂肪酸（HUFA）含量分别为2．12％和0．80％饲料与组织脂肪酸组成相关性分析显示，腹腔脂肪组织和肠道组织的脂肪酸组成与饲料脂肪酸组成相关系数最高，脑组织最低、为了判明脂肪酸的组织沉积特征，对组织重要脂肪酸含量与饲料相应脂肪酸含量的比值进行散点分析，发现脂肪酸离散程度由高到低依次为HU—FA、L｜A和LNA、饱和脂肪酸（sFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（MuFA）、组织及饲料SFA、MUFA、HUFA比值大于1，LA、LNA比值小于1，不同组织器官相比较，腹腔脂肪组织的SFA、HUFA比值最低，MUFA、LA、LNA比值较高；相反，在脑组织中，HUFA比值较高，而LA、LNA比值最低研究表明，两种商品饲料LNA的添加水平较低LA的添加水平较高鱼体组织的脂肪酸组成基本反映了饲料脂肪酸组成，但脂肪酸的组织沉积模式存在差异，分析可能与不同类型脂肪酸的利用与转化特点不同有关建议生产中有针对性地选择饲料油脂，以满足草鱼生长及维护健康状态的脂肪酸需求、
Two kinds of practical grass carp feed (CY1 and CY2) and 9 tissues (hepatopancreas, intraperitoneal fat, kidney, intestine, spleen, muscle, gill, eyes and brain) of the fish fed with the two kinds of feed were collected to evaluate the influence of practical diets on tissue fatty acid composition in reared grass carp. The results showed that LA content in diet CY1 and CY2 were 35.13% and 35.07%, respectively, LNA content were 4.93% and 9.01%, respectively, ARA level were 1.10% and 10.88%, respectively, and n-3 HUFA proportion were 2.12% and 0.80%, respectively. Intraperitoneal fat and intestine showed the highest correlation coefficient between tissues and dietary fatty acid composition, while the brain showed the lowest correla-tion coefficient. Important fatty acid content of the tissue and corresponding dietary fatty acid content ratio were analyzed with scatter diagram to justify the feature of tissue fatty acid deposi-tion. Dispersion degree from high to low was HUFA, LA and LNA,

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采用TSMC公司的0.18μm CMOS工艺,设计了一款具有带外抑制功能的超宽带低噪声放大器(UWB LNA),电路基于窄带PCSNIM LNA拓扑结构,并利用二阶切比雪夫滤波器和带外抑制电容代替传统输入匹配网络。电路由1.8 V直流电源供电,功耗约为11.5 mW。仿真结果表明,在3 GHz~5 GHz的超宽带频段内,平均正向增益约为13.9 dB,输入、输出回波损耗S11和S22分别小于-13 dB和-15 dB,最小噪声系数仅为0.997 dB,三阶交调点IIP3均值为5.40 dB。此外,反向隔离度S12和稳定性StabFact1等性能指标也取得了不错的仿真效果。
A Ultra-Wideband Low Noise Amplifier(UWB LNA) with out-band suppression function is designed by using the TSMC 0.18μm CMOS process. The circuit is based on narrow-band PCSNIM LNA topology, and a second-order Chebyshev filter and out-band suppression capacitor are used to replace the traditional input matching network. The consumption of LNA is about 11.5 mW at 1.8 V DC power supply. In the 3 GHz-5 GHz UWB frequency band, the simulation results are showed in the forward gain about 13.9 dB, the input reflection coefficient S11, output reflection coefficient S22 are below-13 dB and-15 dB, respectively;the minimum noise figure only 0.997 dB;the third-order intercept point IIP3 averages at 5.40 dB. In addition, some other satisfactory results are obtained in the reverse isolation S12 and the stability StabFact1 etc.

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采用0.13μm CMOS工艺设计了一种应用于CMMB的可变增益的低噪声放大器(low noise amplifier,LNA).LNA工作于2.635~2.66GHz,采用低增益和高增益两种控制模式,其中高增益为主要工作模式.设计使用cadence软件进行前仿真和后仿真,随后对其进行了流片和封装测试.测试结果显示,在高增益时,S21为9.25~9.42dB,NF为1.99~2.26dB,IIP3为1.25dB.使用1.2V电源供电,直流功耗为7.38mW.低增益时S21为-5.85dB到-5.70dB,NF为7.90dB到8.99dB,IIP3为14.19dB.
A variable gain low noise amplifier (LNA) has been implemented in 0 .13μm CMOS technology to support CMMB standards .This LNA works from 2 .635 GHz to 2 .66 GHz ,and is divided into low gain mode and high gain mode which is mainly used .With the help of cadence software ,pre-simulation and post-simulation was done .And then the chip was taped out and packaged before being measured .Chip measurement shows that ,in the mainly used high gain ,S21 is from 9 .25 to 9 .42 dB ,NF is from 1 .99 to 2 .26 dB ,IIP3 is 1 .25 dB .Power dissipation is 7 .38 mW with while the power supply is 1 .2 V .In the low gain ,S21 is from - 5 .85 dB to - 5 .70 dB ,NF is from 7 .90 dB to 8 .99 dB ,IIP3 is 14 .19 .

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利用差示扫描量热法(DSC),获得了含能材料1-甲基-3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑(MDNT)热分解的特征参数,利用热重法(TG)得到MDNT热分解各阶段的失重量及对应的温度、反应深度、最终残渣量等参数。分别运用Kissinger法和Ozawa法对MDNT热分解动力学数据进行了分析,同时运用Satava-Sestak法研究了MDNT的热分解机理。结果表明MDNT的热分解有两个阶段:热分解第1阶段为相边界反应机理,表观活化能E=99.96 kJ·mol-1,指前因子lnA=20.19 s-1,热分解第2阶段是三维扩散过程,符合"三维扩散"的Z-L-T方程,表观活化能E=116.10 kJ·mol-1,指前因子lnA=22.15s-1。
ThermaI decomposition and kinetics of 1-methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole (MDNT)were studied by using DSC and TG-DTG.Mass loss in two stages and corresponding temperature,reaction depth,final residual quantity were obtained by thermogravimetry(TG).The kinetic parameters were analyzed by means of Kissinger and Ozawa method, respectively,and the thermal analysis data and Satava-Sestak method were applied for the thermal decomposition research of MDNT.The results show that the thermal decomposition of MDNT has two steps.The first step of the thermal decomposition is controlled by the processes of phase boundary reaction, the apparent activation energy E is 99.96kJ·mol-1,the pre-exponential factor lnA is 20.19s-1.The second step of the thermal decomposition is controlled by the process of three dimensional diffusion, the apparent activation energy E is 116.10kJ·mol-1, the pre-exponential factor lnA is 22.15s-1.

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建立了应用TaqMan-LNA的荧光定量RT-PCR和反转录-环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)技术检测猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的两种方法。根据对NCBI中CSFV E2基因序列进行分析,设计了CSFV E2基因的引物和探针,并以E2基因为模板构建了重组质粒。通过梯度稀释阳性标准品进行试验表明荧光定量RTPCR和RT-LAMP检测下限分别为102拷贝/μL和101拷贝/μL;特异性试验表明,两种方法对于其他5种病毒不能检出,具有良好的特异性。临床样本检测同样表明两种方法都具有良好的特异性和灵敏度。说明所建立的Taq Man-LNA荧光定量RT-PCR和RT-LAMP可应用于CSFV的检测。
Classical swine fever virus is one of the worldwide causative agent for the disease of pigs and causes heavy loss every year.In this study,a TaqMan-LNA based real-time RT-PCR assay and a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)assay were established.The detection limits were 102 copy/μL and 101 copy/μL for the real-time PCR and LAMP assay.Two methods both showed good specificity.Futhermore,two methods were analysed with clinical samples,and they exhibited high sensitivity and specificity.The real-time RT-PCR and RT-LAMP assays will provide useful tools for the detection of CSFV.

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