以C16‐18脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（O‐3、O‐5、O‐7、O‐10）、五氧化二磷等为原料，制备出了4种脂肪醇醚系列磷酸盐产物（O‐3P、O‐5P、O‐7P、O‐10P）等．并以体系中磷酸单酯和双酯含量为指标，探索了系列产物的制备工艺技术条件，以及研究了产物的表面活性．结果表明，最佳制备工艺技术条件是：物料配比为 n（O H ）∶ n（P2 O5）∶ n（H2 O ）＝2．5∶1∶1，醇解反应65℃和2．5 h ，水解反应70℃和40 min ．其中，O‐3P磷酸酯产物中磷酸单酯率最高可达69．8％；随脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中EO的加合数的增加，产物中磷酸含量逐渐增多，表面活性逐步提高，产物相应临界胶束浓度值分别为：CMCO‐3P值为0．094 g／L ，CMCO‐5P值为0．088 g／L ，CMCO‐7P值为0．072 g／L ，CMCO‐10P值为0．069 g／L ．

A series of aliphatic alcohol ether sodium phosphate O‐3P ,O‐5P ,O‐7P and O‐10P were prepared by C16‐18 aliphatic alcohol ether (O‐3 ,O‐5 ,O‐7 ,O‐10) and phosphorus pen‐toxide .We get the best reaction ratio and reaction conditions through the determination of phosphate monoester and diesters rate before neutralization .The results showed that the op‐timum preparation conditions is :n(OH)∶ n(P2 O5 )∶ n(H2 O) =2 .5∶1∶1 ,the alcoholysis reaction condition is 65 ℃ and 2 .5 h and the hydrolysis reaction is 70 ℃ and 40 min .The O‐3P phosphate products phosphate monoester rate up to 69 .8% ;T he ratio of the phosphoric acid and surface activity gradually increased along with EO in structure of aliphatic alcohol e‐ther .The corresponding critical micelle density CMCO‐3P is 0 .094 g/L ,CMCO‐5P is 0 .088 g/L , CM CO‐7P is 0 .072 g/L ,CM CO‐10P is 0 .069 g/L .

分别以层析硅胶和大孔Si O2为载体,制备了负载型P2O5-V2O5催化剂,通过透射电镜(TEM)、N2物理吸附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及X射线衍射(XRD)等分析表征了催化剂的形貌和结构,并在固定床微反实验装置上,研究了不同载体的催化剂对醋酸甲酯与甲缩醛合成丙烯酸甲酯的催化性能。结果表明:以大孔Si O2为载体的磷钒催化剂具有均匀有序的大孔和介孔结构;当催化剂活性组分磷钒原子比为1.03时,磷钒以(VO)2P2O7为主;磷钒原子比为2.60时,表面活性组分磷钒为无定形态,在V物种中明显增加了V5+的比例,有助于促进V4+和V5+的协同作用,对羟醛缩合反应具有很好的促进作用;在磷钒原子比为2.60:1的情况下,以大孔Si O2为载体的P2O5-V2O5催化剂比层析硅胶为载体的催化剂具有更好的催化性能。

The P2O5-V2O5 catalysts were prepared by using chromatography silica gel and macroporous SiO2 as carriers, respectively. The morphology and structure of the catalysts were characterized by transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of different carriers on the catalytic performance were studied by the synthesis of methyl acrylate from methyl acetate and methylal in a fixed bed reactor. The results showed that the P2O5-V2O5 catalyst with macroporous SiO2 as carrier possessed uniformly ordered macroporous/mesoporous structure, and the active component of V2O5-P2O5/SiO2 catalyst with molar ratio of phosphor to vanadium 1.03 was (VO)2P2O7; V2O5-P2O5/SiO2 catalyst was amorphous structure with molar ratio of phosphor to vanadium was 2.60, possessing more V5+, which promoted the synergistic action of V4+and V5+ and the aldol reaction. When molar ratio of phosphor to vanadium was 2

简要地分析了磷酸盐矿物的地质特征和结构特征,并详细分析了安哥拉罗安达水泥厂含磷石灰岩矿床的化学组成、磷和氟含量及其矿物特征和形貌。在此基础上,重点试验研究了P2O5对水泥生产和熟料性能的影响情况。试验结果初步显示:(1)含磷高的原料对熟料的烧成和产品性能影响很大,因P2O5既会影响水泥熟料矿物C3S的形成,还会阻碍水泥的早期水化,严重影响水泥的凝结和硬化过程;(2)熟料中当w(P2O5)2.0%时可以制备性能满足要求的水泥,在生产控制中要严格控制生料中w(P2O5)1.0%[石灰石中w(P2O5)0.8%]为宜;(3)在含磷熟料中,适量F-的存在[w(F-)0.35%]能降低P2O5的负影响。

The geological and structure characteristics of phosphate minerals were analysed in brief, and chemical composition,con-tents of phosphorus and fluorine and its mineral characteristics and morphology of phosphorus limestone mineral of Angola Luanda Ce-ment Plant were analysed in detail. On that basis, the effect of P2O5 on cement production and clinker property was laied stress on.And the results show as follow, (1) high phosphorus raw material has great impact on clinker calcination and production properties, as P2O5 can not only hinder the formation of C3S and delay cement early hydration which affect greatly cement setting and hardening process. (2) qualified cement can be produced when P2O5 content in clinker is less than 2.0%, and in real production, w(P2O5) in raw material should be controlled at less than 1.0%(in limestone, w(P2O5)<0.8%);(3) for phosphorus clinker, a proper amount of fluorine [w(F-)<0.35%] can mitigate the negative effect caused by P2O5.

应用D-饱和最优回归设计,通过氮、磷、钾配比田间试验,建立烤烟施用氮、磷、钾对烤烟产量、产值及施肥利润的效应函数。试验结果表明:产量极大值氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为N=-0.2858,P2O5=-0.0710,K2O=0.0906,此时的产量为3080.14 kg/hm2。产值极大值氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为N=-0.9552,P2O5=-0.0149,K2O=0.3683,此时的产值为39513.59元/hm2。最佳施肥利润的氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为N=-1,P2O5=-0.0248,K2O=0.2840,此时烤烟的产量为2956.48 kg/hm2,产值为38174.43元/hm2,施肥利润为36710.92元/hm2。综合分析得出最佳的施肥组合范围为N64.28 kg/hm2、P2O5144.3~148.95 kg/hm2、K2O 235.2~266.4 kg/hm2,即N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶(2.2~2.3)∶(3.6~4.1)。

The effects of N-P-K ratio on the yield and production value of flue -cured tobacco variety Yunyan 100, as well as the benefit of applying N , P, K fertilizer were studied through field test by using D -saturation optimum regression design .The results showed that the optimum N , P2 O5 , and K2 O application level for obtaining the highest yield ( 3080.14 kg/hm2 ) was-0.2858, -0.0710, and 0.0906 respectively.The optimum N, P2 O5 , and K2 O application level for obtaining the maximum pro-duction value (39513.59 yuan/hm2) was -0.9552, -0.0149, and 0.3683 respectively.The optimum N, P2O5, and K2O appli-cation level for obtaining the highest fertilization benefit (36710.92 yuan/hm2) was -1, -0.0248, and 0.2840 respectively.Un-der the highest fertilization benefit , the yield of flue-cured tobacco was 2956.48 kg/hm2 , and the production value was 38174.43 yuan/hm2 .By comprehensive analysis , it was concluded that the optimum application rate of N , P2 O5 , and K2 O was 64.28, 144.3~148.95,

采用五因素二次正交旋转组合试验设计,研究种植密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量和施钙量等5个栽培因素对春花生新品种莆花4号产量的影响。结果表明,五因子对花生产量影响的大小顺序为:种植密度﹥纯N﹥K2O﹥CaO﹥P2O5;莆花4号实现产量≥4000kg/hm2的最优农艺措施组合方案为种植密度26.91~27.27万株/hm2、纯N量134.04~138.51kg/hm2、P2O5量89.07~93.72kg/hm2、K2O量178.59~183.27kg/hm2和CaO量58.84~61.15kg/hm2。

Through experiment designed with the quadratic orthogonal rotation regression method of 5 factors (planting density , pure nitrogen, K2 O, CaO, P2 O5 ) , the rank showed: the rank of 5 factors influencing the yield of Puhua4 was planting density > pure nitrogen > K2 O > CaO ﹥ P2 O5 ;The best optimization grouping scheme which could make the yield of Puhua4 exceed 4000 kg /ha was the base seedlings of 26.91×10 4 ~27.27×10 4 /ha, pure nitrogen 134.04~138.5kg /ha, P2 O5 89.07~93.72 kg /ha , K2 O 178.59~183.27 kg /ha and CaO 58.84~61.15 kg /ha.