岩石质量指标(RQD)是评价岩体破碎程度的一个重要参数,但在RQD的应用过程中往往忽略测线长度和测线方向的影响,给岩体质量的评价造成一定的误差。笔者通过从野外岩石露头这个二维平面上得到的RQD或节理参数,推导得到在三维空间中任意方向测线的RQD,进而研究RQD随测线方向的变化规律。结果表明,RQD不但在平面上具有各向异性,在空间也具有各向异性。笔者提出了假定测线起于节理的N-ARQD计算模型,使理论论证更加严密。此外,利用蒙特卡罗模拟产生随机值代表节理间距,随机值服从负指数分布的参数不同代表节理发育的密集程度不同,通过T-T、N-A、A-A和A-A-S 4种RQD计算模型来研究RQD均值及标准差随测线长度的变化规律,可以得出:测线越长,所得RQD值越精确;测线较短时,A-A-S模型所得的RQD值与其他3种模型相比更精确;布置较长的测线在节理较发育的地方可获得更可信的RQD值。

Rock quality designation (RQD)is the key parameter to evaluate the degree of fracturing of rock masses.There is error in rock mass evaluation when such factors as the scanline length and the scanline orientation are ignored.RQD or joint parameters is obtained on the field two-dimensional rock outcrop,RQD of any scanline orientation in three-dimensional space is derived,and the variation of RQD with the scanline orientation is studied.It shows that the RQD is anisotropy both in the space or and plane.The authors put forward the NA RQD calculate model that makes theoretical arguments more closely and the model assumed that the scanline from joints.Moreover,the Monte-carlo simulation is used to generate random values. Random values obeyed the negative exponential distribution with different parameters and were taken as the fracture spacings under varies of fractures development intensive degree.Then,the variation of mean and standard deviation of RQD values with the scanline length was st

岩体变形模量是岩体工程设计最重要的参数之一。相比原位测试法，运用建立在原位测试、相关岩体地质特征和室内岩石力学试验基础上的经验关系方法来确定岩体变形模量则显得更为方便快捷，更适合于中小型工程实际应用。本文探讨了采用极易获取的钻孔岩芯RQD来估算岩体变形模量的可行性，以山东某核电基地为实例，在Zhang和Einsten估算公式的基础上，对RQD在0～60％区间内，提出了预测变形模量的估算公式，改善了Zhang和Einsten估算公式在此RQD区间样本数据较少的缺陷，结果表明两种公式具有较好的一致性；最后利用实测的岩体不同方向变形模量，探讨了不同方向变形模量比值与RQD的关系。

The deformation modulus of rock masses is one of the most important parameters applying to the design of rock engineering . Compared with the in-situ testing method, the empirical relationship method which bases on the in -situ testing result, the related rock masses’ geological characteristics and the interior rock mechanics laboratory test is much more convenient in the process of estimating the deformation modulus of rock masses and more suitable for small and medium sized engineering projects .In this paper , the feasibility of using the RQD of drill core to estimate the deformation modulus of rock masses was discussed .Taking a nuclear power plant base in Shandong province as an example , a new estimation formula to predict the deformation modulus for RQD in the range from 0 to 60%was proposed on the basis of Zhang and Einsten ’ s estimation formula , and the new estimation revised the shortcoming of Zhang and Einsten for the less sample data of RQD in this range .The

大采高工作面煤壁片帮冒顶严重影响工作面的产能和效能，通过分析大采高开采煤壁破坏典型的受拉破坏特征，得出了大面积片帮的板状失稳机理；采用线弹性能准则、脆性准则以及RQD指标来对大采高开采时煤壁的稳定性进行了评价；还探讨了割煤高度与煤壁片帮的关系，得出了特定煤层赋存条件下开采的临界稳定高度计算依据，提出了预防煤壁片帮的技术措施。

Coal-wall slide and roof fall seriously influence output and efficiency of mining face .By analyzing tension failure characteris-tic of coal-wall in large-mining-height mining, tabular instability mechanism of large-sized coal-wall slide was obtained.Applying linear-elastic energy principle , crisp principle and RQD index to evaluating coal-wall stability in large-mining-height mining , discussing the relationship of mining coal height and coal-wall slide , critical stability height calculation basis was obtained for specific coal -seam oc-currence condition and technical measure of preventing coal-wall slide was put forward .

新疆拜什塔木铜矿矿体破碎,节理裂隙较为发育,由于其自身原因与采矿方法技术参数运用不当,造成矿山生产过程中矿房垮塌,巷道变形严重等问题;为解决此种问题,在现场展开了工程地质调查;通过结构面产状调查与岩体取芯测RQD,结合矿房安全跨度理论得出该矿体的安全跨度约为4m;通过RMR岩体评价得出其值为43,岩体质量为一般,采用目前的采矿方案与技术参数,采空区稳定时间为1~3d,难以保证矿石回采率与出矿安全性,故应对现有采矿方法进行优化。

The orebody of Baishitamu Copper Mine in Sinkiang is broken, and its joint fissure is developed. Due to its own proper-ties and improper use of technical parameters of mining method, the room collapsed and the roadway deformation was serious during the mine production process. In order to solve this problem, engineering geological survey was launched on the spot. By using structural plane occurrence investigation, calculating RQD, and combining mine safety span theory, safe span of the deposit is about 4 m. Re-sults show that the RMR rock mass evaluation is 43, and rock mass quality is ordinary. Under current mining scheme and technical pa-rameters, the gob stability time is 13 days, which can not ensure the ore recovery rate and mining safety. So the existing mining method is ought to be optimized.

岩体变形模量确定方法有室内外试验法、数值分析法、反分析法、岩体分类法等。上述方法均存在很大缺陷，而神经网络法的日益完善使通过建模预测岩体参数成为可能。以溪洛渡水电站的88组数据为基础，考虑岩石质量指标RQD、RMD、Vp等因素，建立了基于模式搜索法的改进RBF神经网络模型，并用该模型预测岩体变形模量。为了验证模型的准确性，将西藏如美水电站岩体的17组数据代入，将其预测结果与BP神经网络模型结果及原位数据作对比。结果表明，改进RBF模型更适于硬岩岩体变形模量的预测。

The deformation modulus of rock mass can be determined by in-situ and indoor test, numerical analysis, back a-nalysis and rock mass classification methods etc. These methods have limitations, but the improvement of the artificial neural net-work ( ANN) method makes it possible to predict the rock mass deformation modulus accurately. On the basis of 88 sets of test data of Xiluoda Hydropower Station and by consideration of several rock quality index such as RQD, RMD and Vp, an improved RBF ( Radial Basis Function) neural network model is established to predict the deformation modulus of rock mass, in which, the pattern search method is used to solve the optimal SPREAD value. For verifying the correctness of the model, 17 sets of data of Rumei Hydropower Station, Tibet, were put into the model and the results were compared with the measured data and the results obtained by BP neural network respectively. It is concluded that the improved RBF neural network model is more suitabl