针对二次雷达的通用处理要求,采用流行的FPGA和DSP结构的处理机,并且合理设计处理流程和算法,有效地整合二次雷达接收、发射、信号处理、点迹处理的功能,并适于FPGA流水处理和DSP事务处理。该处理机结构简单、紧凑,功能强大。经测试,能有效处理AC模式和S模式应答信号,实施S模式询问管理及相应功能。

Aiming at the universal processing requirement of secondary surveillance radar,the signal processor with framework of FPGA-DSP was adopted,and the processing flow and approriate algrithm were designed,in which the functions of reception, transmission,signal processing and tracce point processing of the secondary surveillance radar were integrated. It is suitable for FPGA flow processing and DSP transection processing. It has a simple and compact structure,which can effectively handle the respond signal of AC mode and S mode which executes interrogation management and corresponding fuctions.

航管二次监视雷达也称为空中交通管制雷达信标系统(ATCRBS)。它是空中交通管制系统的一个重要组成部分。本文主要分析意大利AMS(ALENIA MARCONI SYSTEM)公司SIR-S型二次雷达系统组成及工作原理。该系统基于分布式结构和开放式系统标准，在硬件和软件上都具有很大的扩充和升级能力。该系统包括了两个通道，每个通道包含有电源分配单元，回答处理和通道管理单元，S模式发射机，单脉冲接收机和旁瓣抑制接收机，每个通道安装在一个机柜，两个机柜并排放置，在机柜上方是通道转换单元。本地操作控制面板采用商用电脑，安装AMS公司相应软件。天线采用ALE-9型大孔径垂直阵列天线，使用双电机驱动方式。雷达头处理器使用了两台康柏阿尔法DS10服务器。另外该系统还配置了雷达维护监控电脑和本地控制监控系统。该系统具有较高的可靠性，重要单元均进行了冗余配置，主备单元均为在线和热备份工作方式。系统采用技术也较为先进，设备采用了单脉冲技术，本身在硬件上已具备S模式工作能力，需要在软件上进行升级即可，系统内各设备间采用了以太网连接，方便设备连接和加快了信息交流。

Secondary Surveillance Radar, also called Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System(ATCRBS), is one important part of the Air Traffic Control System. SIR-S type Secondary Radar System made by Italian AMS (ALENIA MARCONI SYSTEM) Company is introduced in this paper. The system, based on the distributed structure and open system standard, has great ability of expansion and upgrading both on the hardware and software. There are two channels in the system. Each channel includes the power distribution unit, reply processing and channel managing unit, S mode transmitter, monopulse receiver and RSLS receiver. Besides, each channel is installed in a cabinet, the two cabinets are put side by side, and above the cabinet is the changeover unit. Local control panel adopts the commercial computer, in which is installed AMS Company''s corresponding software. The antenna adopts the ALE-9 type large-aperture vertical-array antenna by the way of dual electrical machinery driving. The radar head

1090ES广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)是国际民航组织(ICAO)推荐的一种监视模式。给出了ADS-B对目标飞机位置进行简洁位置报告(CPR)编解码的算法机理,仿真实现了报文收发的过程,并对收发的数据偏差进行了统计。同时,本文还通过建立接收模型,模拟仿真了二次雷达(SSR)A/C模式和S模式干扰信号以及本机接收距离对成功接收ADS-B报文的影响。研究结果表明,CPR算法对目标飞机位置编解码具有很高的有效性和准确性,减少同频干扰数以及缩短目标飞机和本机之间的距离,都能有效提高成功接收报文的概率。

1090ES Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a surveillance mode recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The algorithm mechanism of CPR encoding and decoding to the target aircraft position is presented by the ADS-B. The process of messages receiving and sending is simulated, and the receiving and sending data is counted. Meanwhile, an ADS-B receiving model is established to simulate the influence on successful receiving ADS-B message when the mode A/C and mode S interferences in Second Surveillance Radar (SSR).The results show that the CPR algorithm has the high validity and accuracy to the encoding and decoding of target aircraft position message, and that the reduction of co-channel interferences and decrease of the distance between target aircraft and local aircraft can effectively improve the probability of successful receiving ADS-B message.

大尺度粒子图像测速（LSPIV）是一种新兴的非接触式瞬时全场流速测量技术。以LSPIV为基本原理，针对现场条件下特有的水流示踪物、复杂的光学成像环境及受限的测点布设方式，通过对流场图像采集、水面背景抑制、运动矢量估计、时均流场重建、水面流场定标及断面流量估计等技术方法的集成创新，建立一套完整的河流水面成像测速（RSIV）工作模式。为评价RSIV的性能并提出研究需求，在现场开展与流速仪法和雷达法的比测试验。结果表明，RSIV法的时均流速测量精度可以达到0.5 mm/s以内，相比流速仪法具有更高的时空分辨率。当流速系数和断面划分方式选择合适时，流量估计值和雷达法的一致性较好。试验初步验证河流水面成像测速方法用于河流流速、流量测量的可行性。

Large Scale Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) is an emerging non-contact technique for measuring whole-field velocities instantaneously. Aiming at the specific flow tracers, complex optical environment and limited site deployment under field conditions, a complete operating mode of River Surface Imaging Velocimetry (RSIV) is built based on the fundamental principles of LSPIV and the integrated innovation of image acquisition, background suppression, motion vector estimation, time-average flow field reconstruction, flow field calibration and discharge estimation. To evaluate RSIV and propose research needs, comparative field experiments are conducted with current meter method and radar method. Results show that the accuracy of RSIV can achieve 0.5mm/s for time-averaged velocity measurement, the spatial-temporal resolution of which is higher than that of the current meter method. The estimated discharge is consistent with the measurement of radar method when choose the proper velocity

现代雷达要求雷达信号处理机中的电路系统具有信号处理能力强、体积小、工作模式灵活多样等特点,而当前雷达工作模式切换方式无法满足这种要求.为此,利用FPGA的动态可重构技术,提出了一种动态可重构的雷达工作模式切换方法,并以SOPC方式进行系统实现.实现结果表明,该切换方法与其他三种方法相比,减小了设备硬件资源,提高了切换的实时性,满足了雷达信号处理的需要.

The circuits and systems of signal processor in modern radar systems are required to be of high signal processing ability, small volume, flexible operational modes and etc., while the current switching ways of radar operational modes are unable to meet this requirement. This paper proposes a switching way of radar operational modes with dynamic reconfiguration using the FPGA dynamic reconfiguration technique, and carries out the system implementation by way of SOPC. Implementation results show that the switching method can reduce the hardware resource of the equipment, boost the switching in real time and meet the demand of radar signal processing, compared with the other three methods.