通过采用管式微滤膜（TMF）对膜浓缩液进行预处理，考察了最适合的软化药剂种类、投加量和TMF对CODcr、总硬度的去除效果，研究了膜系统的运行特性。结果表明，NaOH适宜作为软化药剂，且pH应控制在11．5左右；TMF对纳滤膜后浓缩液总硬度的去除效果较好，钙镁离子的去除率都能达到95％以上，降低后浓缩液处理膜结垢风险；长时间使用TMF，会使膜通量下降，化学清洗能很好地恢复膜通量。

By using Microfiltration(TMF)membrane pretreatment concentrate investigated the most suitable types of softening agents, the dosage and the TMF for CODCr, total hardness removal, studied the operating characteristics of the membrane system. The results showed that, NaOH suitable as a softening agent, and the pH should be controlled at about 11.5; TMF after nanofiltration concentrate better total hardness removal, removal of calcium and magnesium ions can reach more than 95%after reducing concentrate treatment membrane fouling risk;prolonged use TMF, will decrease membrane flux, chemical cleaning can be a good resume flux.

介绍了数据分类的概念和意义、国际电信管理论坛(TMF)提出的一系列业内指导标准,包括NGOSS方法论、增强型电信运营图(ETOM)以及共享信息/数据(SID)模型通用框架;最后从设计原则、对指导体系的继承方法以及某运营商企业数据分类规划示例3个层面对电信运营商企业数据分类体系进行了阐述。

It presents the concept and meaning of data classification, describes a series of industry guidance proposed by TMF in detail, including NGOSS, ETOM and SID. Final y it expounds the telecom operator enterprise data classification system, mainly from the design principles, the inheritance approach for the guidance and some operator enterprise data classification example.

对直径为4 mm的Sn?0.65%Cd合金在行波磁场中进行定向凝固，结果发现其界面形貌是丰富多样的。在向上的行波磁场上，随着磁场强度的增大(B≤10.3 mT)，平界面和胞状界面交替转变。当加载向下的弱强度的行波磁场(B=3.2 mT)时，界面形貌由浅胞状向深胞状转变。当磁场强度进一步增大时，界面两侧呈现微弱的不一致，但是在强的磁场下界面形貌大致趋向于平界面(B≤10.3 mT)。这种界面的不稳定性可能归因于行波磁场驱动的流动。另外，在向上的行波磁场中界面形状几乎是水平的，但是在向下的行波磁场中界面形状是倾斜的。

The diversity of interface morphologies is observed for directionally solidified Sn?0.65%Cd alloy under a travelling magnetic field (TMF) in the 4 mm-diameter sample. Under an upward TMF, planar and cellular interface morphologies transform alternately with increasing magnetic flux density (B≤10.3 mT). The interface morphology transforms from shallow cellular to deep cellular morphology under a weak downward TMF (B=3.2 mT). When the magnetic flux density increases further, both sides of the interface morphology appear to be slightly inconsistent, but they roughly tend to be planar under a strong downward TMF (B≤10.3 mT). The interface instability may be attributed to the flow driven by the TMF. Moreover, the shape of interface appears to be almost flat under an upward TMF, but deflective under a downward TMF.

分别用频率修正法、拉伸迟滞能模型、三参数幂函数能量方法和能量法简化模型对三种镍基高温合金材料的热机械疲劳寿命进行预测,并对这些方法的热机械疲劳寿命预测能力进行了评估。结果表明,这些寿命预测方法都能在不同程度上适用于镍基高温合金的热机械疲劳寿命预测,其中能量法简化模型效果最好。热机械疲劳过程中起主导作用的损伤机制与等温疲劳具有一定程度的相似性。从模型寿命预测能力的定量评定可知,只考虑塑性形变的作用时,对反相热机械疲劳寿命的预测效果好于对同相热机械疲劳的预测效果。此外,与其他模型相比,能量法简化模型从能量守恒的角度来看具有一定的理论基础,且预测效果较好,适用于预测镍基合金的热机械疲劳寿命。

Frequency modified method ,Ostergren method ,the energy method of three parameter power function and the simplified energy method were chosen to predict TMF life in three nickel-base superalloys .And the prediction ability of them was assessed .The results indicat that the above methods could predict the TMF life of three nickel-base superalloys at some extent .The simplified energy method among the method was the best .The main damage mechanism of TMF was partly similar to isothermal fatigue .According to quantitative evaluation of life prediction ability to the model ,the effect of fatigue lifetime prediction on out-of-phase was better than in-phase only when the plastic deformation was considered .What''s more , the simplified energy method which was based on the law of energy conservation had the rationales . And the prediction capability of that method was better than the other methods .Therefore ,it was suitable to forecast the lifetime of TMF in nickel-based superalloy .

目的探讨改良颞肌瓣纠正传统颞肌瓣术后供区凹陷畸形的作用。方法回顾分析15例上颌窦恶性肿瘤患者，采用改良颞肌瓣修复肿瘤切除后的创面。结果所有患者随访12~54个月，均未发生改良颞肌瓣坏死，1例术后放疗过程中出现腭部颞肌瓣缝合口处裂开，放疗结束3个月后自行愈合。改良颞肌瓣术后4~6周上皮化，功能重建效果良好，与传统颞肌瓣方法相比，未见供区产生凹陷畸形。结论改良颞肌瓣与传统颞肌瓣一样，可以用于上颌窦恶性肿瘤切除术后巨大创面的修复，且供区未见凹陷畸形，患者满意度高。

Objective To evaluate the modified temporalis muscle flap (TMF) for correcting depressed deformity of donor site after surgery. Methods In this retrospective study, 15 patients with malignant maxillary tumor were involved. The modified temporalis muscle flap was used to repair the defect after tumor resection. Results All the patients were followed up for 12-54 months. All flaps were survived, except one case suffered from operative incision split and healed itself 3 months after radiotherapy. Epithelization of the fascia in oral cavity was completed in 4-6 weeks. Good functional reconstruction was achieved and no temporal deformity was observed. The cosmetic results were better compared with traditional temporalis muscle flap. Conclusion The modified TMF, the same as traditional temporalis muscle flap, can be served as the first-line reconstructive option for maxillary defects. And it can get better temporal cosmetic results with more satisfaction.