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双语推荐：VM)

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血管生成拟态(VM)一种存在于恶性肿瘤的血液供应模式,乳腺恶性肿瘤VM的形成机制十分复杂.肿瘤细胞的可塑性和多种分子的调节在VM形成机制中起重要作用,同时缺氧微环境及微小RNA(miRNA)与VM的发生和发展具有相关性.缺氧微环境及miRNA与乳腺恶性肿瘤VM关系尤为密切,将有望成为乳腺癌临床研究中重要的诊断及判断预后的指标.
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is one of the blood supply patterns in malignant tumor,and the molecular mechanism of breast malignant tumor VM is complicated.The plasticity of tumor cells and variety of molecules regulation play important roles in the mechanism of VM.At the same time,the hypoxic microenvironment and microRNA (miRNA) are associated with the occurrence and development of VM,especially in breast malignant tumor,and they are expected to become important diagnostic and prognostic indicators in breast cancer.

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目的 探讨胃癌细胞SGC7901在体外血管生成拟态(VM)的形成过程中,自噬特异性基因Beclin-1的表达情况及其对VM形成的影响.方法 分别将ShRNA整合质粒载体和空白质粒载体转染到胃癌细胞SGC7901中,采用RT-PCR及Western blot法检测SGC7901细胞中Beclin-1表达情况;并在体外构建VM模型,观察不同转染细胞中VM形成能力的差异,同时检测VM形成前后细胞中VM形成基因Notch-1的表达情况.结果 胃癌SGC7901形成VM过程中,Beclin-1及Notch-1 mRNA和蛋白表达均明显升高(均P＜0.05).与转染空白质粒的SGC7901细胞相比,转染ShRNA整合质粒抑制Beclin-1后,VM形成的细胞管状结构的数目[(15.4±1.1)个比(37.8±1.9)个,P＜0.05]、长度[(316.8±24.6) mm比(385.1±14.2) mm,P＜0.05]和交点数[(11.6±1.1)个比(27.2±1.1)个,P＜0.05]明显减少,同时Notch-1表达亦明显下降(P＜0.05).结论 Beclin-1通过维持胃癌细胞VM调节基因的稳定表达促使VM形成,抑制Beclin-1为胃癌的基因治疗提供了一个可能的新靶点.
Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of autophagy specific gene Beclin-1 in gastric cancer cell SGC7901 on vasculogenic mimicry (VM) forming ability.Methods Plasmid vectors with and without integrated shRNA were transfected respectively into SGC7901 cell line (Beclin1-inhibited group and negative control group).Simple SGC7901 cell line was used as blank group.RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to examine the expression of Beclin-1 in 3 groups.Culture was used to construct the VM model in vitro.Different VM forming ability was measured and genes (beclin-1,notch-1) expression of each group was detected before and after VM formation.Results Beclin-1 and notch-1 expression increased significantly in the process of VM forming.When beclin-1 was inhibited,the formation of VM was limited and VM formative genes expression decreased.As compared to cells of negative control group,those of Beclin1-inhibited group had less number of VM forming cellular tube-like construction (15.4±1.1

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研究血管生成拟态在非小细胞肺癌患者中的发生机制及其与化疗敏感性的关系.方法:收集42例NSCLC患者,分为早期组(Ⅰ+Ⅱ期,共19名)和晚期组(Ⅲ+Ⅳ期,共23名).20名接受手术治疗,22名仅行铂二联化疗,并且化疗组按2周期化疗疗效分有效组(疗效评价CR+PR,7名)和无效组(疗效评价SD+PD,15名).对比分析VM与分期、化疗疗效、HIF-1α及各种临床病理特征是否有关.结果:早期组NSCLC患者VM阳性率明显高于晚期组(68.4％ VS 26.1％,p=O.O06),VM阳性组HIF-1α阳性率明显高于VM阴性组(P=0.034).化疗有效组与无效组之间vM未见明显差异(P＞0.05).淋巴结转移及无远处转移组分别较无淋巴结转移及远处转移组VM阳性率高(P＜0.05).VM与患者性别、年龄、病理类型、肿瘤大小及分化程度无关(P＞0.05).结论:VM作为一种新发现的肿瘤供血方式,其形成主要在NSCLC早期,并且VM的存在与淋巴结转移有关,随着疾病进展,VM逐渐减少.目前尚未发现VM与NSCLC化疗敏感性有关,但HIF-1α在VM形成中起重要作用,VM有可能成为一个新的靶向治疗的靶点,为临床分期及诊疗提供帮助.
Objective:To study the mechanism ofvasculogenic mimicry (VM) and its relation with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:42 patients with NSCLC were collected,19 belonged to the early stage (stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ) while 23 were late stage (stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ).Moreover,20 patients got surgical treatment and 22 got chemotherapy.We studied the relationship of VM with stage,chemotherapeutic effect,HIF-1α,MVD and clinicopathologic features.Results:VM in patients of early stages were significantly more than late stages (68.4％ VS 26.1％,P=0.006),but no significant difference was found between effective and noneffective chemotherapy group (14.3％ VS 26.7％,P=1.00).Furthermore,the positive rate of VM was proportional to HIF-1α (p=0.034).VM also showed a negative correlation with distant metastases and positive correlation with lymph nodes metastases (P＜0.05) while no correlation was found between VM and other clinicopathologic including sex,age,pathological pattern,tumor size

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目的 探讨血管生成拟态(VM)和Ki-67在脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及临床意义. 方法 收集存档于南方医科大学珠江医院病理科的自2008年1月至2012年12月间诊断为脑胶质瘤的石蜡标本63例,采用过碘酸-雪夫氏反应和CD34双重染色方法检测胶质瘤组织中VM形成情况,免疫组化SP法检测Ki-67表达情况,进一步结合随访完整的临床病理及预后资料进行相关性分析. 结果 63例胶质瘤患者组织中存在VM者13例(20.63％);高级别脑胶质瘤组织中VM发生率(WHOⅢ:19％;WHOⅣ:33.3％)显著高于低级别患者(WHOⅡ:6.7％),VM阳性患者复发率(28.6％)显著高于VM阴性患者(4％),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).VM与Ki-67的表达呈正相关关系(r=0.531,P=0.000).Kaplan-Meier分析显示VM阳性患者无进展生存率和术后总生存率均低于VM阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).COX比例风险模型多因素分析显示VM是影响胶质瘤患者预后的独立危险因素(=0.020). 结论 脑胶质瘤组织中存在VM,联合检测胶质瘤中VM、Ki-67的表达情况有助于评估肿瘤复发危险性,同时可作为判断胶质瘤患者预后的指标.
Objective To investigate the clinical significances ofvasculogenic mimicry (VM) and Ki-67 expression in human gliomas.Methods Sixty-three specimens of human gliomas with adequate clinical and pathological data,collected in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2012,were chosen.VM in the glioma samples was determined by dual staining of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and endothelial marker CD34,and Ki-67 protein expressions by SP immunohistochemical staining.The association between VM and clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed.Results VM channels were found in 13 specimens of human gliomas (20.63％),and it was correlated with tumor grade and tumor recurrence (P＜0.05):high incidence of VM in high-grade gliomas (WHO Ⅲ,19％; WHO Ⅳ,33.3％) was noted as compared with that of lower-grade gliomas (WHO Ⅱ,6.7％); patients with VM were more prone to tumor recurrence (28.6％) as compared with those without VM (4％).A positive relationship between Ki-67 expression and

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目的：探讨 Ki-67与血管生成拟态（vasculogenic mimicry,VM）在原发性肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）中的表达情况。方法：取87例 HCC 石蜡标本,运用免疫组织化学染色法检测Ki-67的表达,并运用过碘酸雪夫（periodic acid-schiff stain,PAS）和 CD34双染色法进一步标记VM。结果：Ki-67高表达组VM阳性率高于Ki-67低表达组,差别具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：肝细胞癌组织内存在VM表达,且与癌细胞的Ki-67表达密切相关,Ki-67可能参与 VM的形成,是 VM形成的机制之一。
Objective:To investigate the expression of vasculogenic mimicry (VM)and Ki-67 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)and their clinical significances.Methods:Take the 87 cases of HCC specimens of paraffin wax,using immunohistochemical staining method to detect the expression of Ki-67,and the use of periodate snow''s(periodic acid shchiff-stain,PAS)and CD34 staining method further marked the VM.Results:The VM expression in the group with high Ki-67 expression was significantly higher than that of the group with low Ki-67 expression(P<0.05).Conclusion:The results showed that VM existed in HCC,and it was-associated with Ki-67 expression,which was the possibel mechanism contributing to the formation of VM.

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从胆囊癌的一种新的血液供应方式——血管生成拟态（vasculogenic mimicry，VM）论述胆囊癌诊疗观点的改变。1994.1—2000.12同济医院确诊的74例原发性胆囊癌标本及其临床病理学和人口统计学资料；H&E染色+CD31/PAS双重染色（Envision法），胆囊癌VM（+）/（－）临床参数单/多因素、Cox模型风险和Kaplan-Meier生存分析+log-rank检验。细胞、动物实验：胆囊癌GBC-SD、SGC-996细胞二/三维培养，侵袭力、迁移力、VM形成测定和倒置光显微镜、透射/扫描电镜VM形态学观察以及动态磁共振荷瘤鼠胆囊癌移植瘤血流动力学检测。信号通道研究：胆囊癌细胞三维培养和裸鼠移植瘤VM组织切片的免疫组化、免疫荧光、Western blotting、QRT-PCR检测，以探讨相关信号通道。13.5%（10/74）胆囊癌存VM，其中4.3%（13/306）管腔内含红细胞，即胆囊癌VM是高倍光学显微镜下由胆囊癌细胞围成管腔、内衬癌细胞而非血管内皮细胞、有圈PAS阳性界膜分隔、腔内含红细胞的管道结构；VM（+）胆囊癌腺癌居多，有较高的血行转移机会；VM是影响胆囊癌患者预后的独立危险因素，有VM存在胆囊癌患者生存期短，预后差。体外胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞三维培养、荷瘤鼠胆囊癌石蜡切片经H&E染色和CD31/PAS双重染色，光/电
From the discovery of a new blood supply of gallbladder carcinoma:vasculogenic mimicry(VM), insight into diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder cancer. 74 cases of primary gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed at Tongji Hospital from 1994.1 to 2000.12 and their clinical pathological and demographic data were used;VM of gallbladder carcinoma was detected by H&E staining and CD31-PAS double staining(Envision method),single-or multiple-factor clinical parameters,Cox model,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test for gallbladder carcinoma with VM (+)/(-) were done. Two or three-dimensional cultures of GBC-SD and SGC-996 cells,invasion,migration,VM formation assay and hemodynamic of gallbladder cancer in vitro and in vivo were carried out. VM-related signal pathways were studied by immunohisto- chemistry, immunofluorescence,Western blotting and QRT-PCR. VM in 13.5%(10/74) of gallbladder cancers was found,namely VM of gallbladder cancer is the pipeline structures surrounded by ga

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血管生成拟态(vasculogenic mimicry,VM)为肿瘤组织提供了不同于经典血管的血供途径。因此,抗血管生成拟态治疗已成为抗肿瘤研究的热点,其复杂的分子机制也是众多学者希望攻克的难题。过去的10余年中,众多学者对VM的研究已取得不少成果,加深了人们对VM的认识。本文通过对近年来相关文献的检索,就血管生成拟态的发现、形成机制、特别是在脑肿瘤中VM的状况及研究现状做一综述,并对相关领域中的肿瘤研究前景进行展望。
Vascular mimicry(VM)provides different blood supply route for tumor tissue from classical vascular.Anti-vascular mimicry treatment has become one of the hot areas in cancer therapy research.Many scholars have been dedicated in discovering the complex molecular mechanisms.In the past 10 years,numerous studies have made great achievements on VM.However,many mechanisms in this area are still unknown.This paper aims to retrieve relevant documents on vascular mimicry and to make a comprehensive overview of the current situation on VM research,inclu-ding detection methods and formation mechanisms,as well as the status of the VM research in brain tumor.Further-more,the prospect of this area in cancer research was evaluated.

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目的探讨基质金属蛋白-2(matrix metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2)和血管生成拟态现象(vasculogenic mimicry,VM)在子宫内膜间质肿瘤中的表达。方法应用免疫组化Elivision法及双染法分别检测子宫内膜间质肉瘤39例、子宫内膜间质结节35例、正常子宫内膜40例中VM及MMP-2蛋白的表达情况。结果VM在子宫内膜间质肉瘤与正常子宫内膜、子宫内膜间质结节之间差别有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。MMP-2在子宫内膜间质肉瘤、正常子宫内膜、子宫内膜间质结节三者之间差别均有统计学意义(P0.05)。VM在子宫内膜间质肉瘤的核分裂计数中差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。子宫内膜间质肉瘤中VM和MMP-2蛋白的表达没有相关性(P0.05)。结论VM和MMP-2蛋白在子宫内膜间质肉瘤的发生发展中可能起到了一定的作用。
Objective To discuss the expression of MMP-2 protein and the vasculogenic mimicry(VM) in the endometrial stro-mal tumours (ESTs). Methods Immunohistochemical elivision method and two tone method were used to detect VM and MMP-2 proteins in the 39 cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma and 35 cases of endometrial stromal nodule and 40 cases of normal en-dometrium. Results The expression rates of VM were significant difference in the endometrial stromal sarcoma and endometrial stromal nodule or normal endometrium respectively (P 0.05). Conclusion The VM and MMP-2 may play a role in the occurrence and development of endometrial stromal sarcoma.

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血管生成拟态(VM)是一种肿瘤细胞通过自身变形并模拟产生血管样通道而达到自身血液供应的方式.胶质瘤中VM的形成与胶质瘤干细胞关系密切,另外一些分子如微小RNA(miRNA)、上皮细胞激酶(EphA2)、血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、血管内皮细胞生长因子受体-2(VEGFR-2)、凝集素1(Gal1)等在胶质瘤VM形成过程中也发挥重要作用.VM与胶质瘤患者的预后不良及其抗血管药物疗效不佳密切相关,所以针对VM形成机制、预后影响以及临床意义的研究将为胶质瘤的早期诊断和治疗提供新思路和可能的新靶点.
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a pattern of neoplasm cells,which achieve their blood supplements through deformation and simulating capillary channels.Cumulative studies show that the formation of VM in glioma have a close relation with the glioma stem cells.In addition,some molecules such as microRNA,epithelial cell kinase-A2,vascular endothelial cadherin,transforming growth factor-Jβ,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and galectin-1 play important roles in the forming process of vasculogenic mimicry.Recently,it is found that VM is associated with the poor prognosis of patients with glioma and anti angiogenesis drug efficacy.So the research on VM about the discovery,formation mechanism,prognostic impact and the clinical significance will provide an opportunity for diagnosis and therapy of glioma in early stage.

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本文主要阐述瑞士VibroMeter（VM600）系统在火电厂安装、使用中常见的问题和处理方法，以及在国华宁海电厂二期超超临界1000Mw机组的应用中，对VM600系统存在不足的改进和建议。
This article focuses on the common problems of Swiss Vibro Meter (VM600) system in installation and usage in thermal power plants, and the corresponding processing methods. Recommendations of improvements for deficiencies are given on the applications of VM600 system in Guohua Ninghai Power Plant 1000MW ultra-supercritical units.

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