目的：探讨全身弥散加权磁共振成像(whole body diffusion-weighted MRI，WB-DWI)及其联合常规CT/MRI诊断恶性肿瘤转移灶的临床应用价值。材料与方法对76例恶性肿瘤患者进行WB-DWI检查，所有恶性肿瘤患者均在7天内完成常规CT及MR检查。采用双盲法由两名资深影像医师对所有WB-DWI图像以及CT、MR图像进行分析。所有转移瘤均经手术或穿刺后病理学检查、影像学资料、实验室检查或随访至少3个月证实。统计单独应用WB-DWI和WB-DWI联合常规CT/MRI对转移瘤诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确度；比较两者在转移瘤的诊断中是否存在统计学差异。结果单独应用WB-DWI诊断转移瘤的灵敏度为75.9%，特异度为25%，准确度为69.8%；WB-DWI联合CT/MRI诊断转移瘤的灵敏度为94.8%，特异度为67.5%，准确度为91.5%。经卡方检验，两者对恶性肿瘤全身转移灶的检出率具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 WB-DWI联合CT/MRI是诊断恶性肿瘤全身转移灶合理、有效的检查手段，具有较高的临床应用价值。

Objective To explore the values of whole body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI) and WB-DWI in combination with conventional CT/MRI in diagnosis of metastases of malignant tumors. Materials and Methods 76 patients with malignant tumors underwent WB-DWI examinations. Patients with malignant tumors underwent conventional CT and MRI examinations within a week, few of which underwent enhanced CT OR MRI scan. Two experienced imaging physicians analyzed all of WB-DWI, CT and MR images by double-blind method. All metastases were confirmed by surgery or puncture pathology, imaging data and laboratory tests or follow-up at least 3 months. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the diagnosis of metastases of WB-DWI and WB-DWI in combination with conventional CT/MRI were compared. Results The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in detecting systemic metastases from malignant tumors were 75.9%, 25%, 69.8% respectively by WB-DWI, and 94.8%, 67.5%, 91.5% respectively by WB-DWI in comb

目的评估磁共振全身弥散加权成像（wholeBodydiffusion—weightedimaging，WB—DWI）在转移瘤的应用价值。方法分类对比分析50例肿瘤患者WB—DWI和CT图像中的异常信号和异常密度病灶。结果在呼吸系统中，wB．DwI发现51处肺门周围转移瘤，未能发现57处肺内体积较小的瘤灶，而CT均能发现。说明对于肺内转移病灶的检出敏感性差。在腹部实质器官中，WB-DWI发现的88．9％的转移灶CT能够清晰显示，而11．1％的转移灶CT却未能显示；在骨骼系统中，WEt—DWI发现474处异常信号，CT仅发现307处骨组织异常改变，其中9例患者有56处骨组织呈wB-DwI异常信号而CT显示正常，数月后CT复查，相应部位均出现骨质破坏；说明在腹部实质脏器和骨骼系统中WB，DWI比CT更多更早发现肿瘤病灶，并且具有很高的准确性。在淋巴系统中，CT图像上25处大于1cnl的淋巴结在DwI图像上未显示，而CT图像上74处小淋巴结在wB-DwI图像上却呈高信号，部分经病理证实为淋巴转移。结论WB—DWI技术适用于健康查体及恶性肿瘤全身转移的筛查，对于淋巴结定性诊断能够提供有价值的信息。

Objective To evaluate the application value of whole body diffusion-weighted imaging ( WB-DWI) in patients with metastatic tumor .Methods The abnormal signal and abnormal density focus showed by WB-DWI and CT images in 51 patients with metastatic tumor were classified and comparatively analyzed . Results In respiratory system , WB-DWI revealed 51 metastatic carcinomas around hilar nodes , however 57 smaller carcinomas within lungs were not found ,while CT could find these tumor focus ,which suggested that the detection sensitivity of WB-DWI was worse for smaller metastatic carcinomas within lungs .In abdominal solid organs,89%of metastases could be detected by WB-DWI,which could also be clearly revealed by CT ,but the other 11.1%of them were not showed by CT.In skeletal system,WB-DWI found 477 abnormal signals,however, CT revealed only 309 abnormal changes of bone tissue ,in which 56 abnormal signals of bone tissues in 9 patients were showed by WB-DWI,however,which were showed normal b

目的：分析艾滋病病毒抗体筛查试验阳性结果和确认实验结果。方法对于初筛阳性血清，复检的方法为胶体硒和 elisa，任一复检试验阳性的血清再通过 Western blot(WB)实验确认。结果1058份样本呈 HiV-1抗体阳性，不确定20份，阴性2份。elisa、胶体硒法的阳性符合率都是100%。WB 的带型以 gp160、gp120、p24为最常见。结论胶体硒和 elisa 复检可以排除多数初筛假阳性，但是这两种复检的试验都存在假阳性。因此，确定 HiV 感染还需要用WB 进行确认。

Objective to analyze HiV antibody screening tests positive results and confirm the results. Methods for early screening serum with colloid selenium and elisa test review, any review test positive serum with Western blot (WB) experimental confirmation. Results 1058 HiV - 1 antibodies positive, uncertain 20, negative 2 copies. on the basis of WB results, ELISA and colloid se method positive coincidence rate of 100%. WB type with the most common for gp160, gp120, p24. Conclusion colloid selenium and elisa the re-inspection can be ruled out most of the early screening false positives, but both the re-inspection test are false positive results. So determine the HIV infection is still dependent on the WB confirmation tests.

目的探讨磁共振全身成像技术（WB-DWI）在良恶性淋巴结鉴别中的应用价值。方法收集2008年9月至2012年12月间43例经临床和病理证实的良性和恶性淋巴结肿大的患者和同期的20例健康志愿者分别行WB-DWI检查。分析良性、恶性淋巴结的WB-DWI表现和ADC值差异。结果健康志愿者WB-DWI淋巴结表现为类圆形或椭圆形较高信号,短径不超过1.0 cm,按照一定的解剖部位呈规律分布;ADC值（2.24±0.56）×10^-3mm^2/s。良性淋巴结呈类圆形,短径不超过2.0 cm,较正常淋巴结信号增高,较少融合;平均ADC值（1.57±0.32）×10^-3mm^2/s。恶性淋巴结不同程度增大、可融合,分布无规律;平均ADC值（1.57±0.32）×10^-3mm^2/s。健康志愿者、良性和恶性淋巴结的ADC值之间差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 WB-DWI可以为初步鉴别良恶性淋巴结提供依据,尤其对于某些原发灶不明且伴有淋巴结转移的恶性肿瘤患者具有较大意义。

Objective To investigate the application value of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-DWI) in the identification of benign and malignant lymph nodes. Methods Twenty healthy volunteers and 43 patients confirmed as benign and malignant lymph nodes clinically and pathologically were collected, and performed WB-DWI examination scan from September 2008 to December 2012. The differences of WB-DWI and ADC values between benign and malignant lymph nodes were analyzed. Results The WB-DWI performance of lymph nodes in healthy volunteers showed class round or oval higher signal, with short diameter less than 1.0 cm and regular distribu-tion according to certain anatomical sites. The average ADC values was (2.24 ± 0.56) × 10-3 mm2/s. Benign lymph nodes showed class circular, with short diameter less than 2.0 cm, and its signs was higher than normal lymph node signal, with less fusion. The average ADC values was (1.57±0.32)×10-3 mm2/s. Malignant lymph nodes were enlarged to vari

目的在AIDS自愿咨询检测(voluntary counselling and testing,VCT)中应用快速检测,并与免疫印迹试验(western blotting,WB)结果比较,探讨进一步缩短确证时间及提高HIV感染者CD4+T淋巴细胞检测率的措施。方法用2种快速试剂进行筛查,对一阴一阳或双阳性样本进行WB确证检测,并比较和评价检测结果,同时采集患者血样行CD4+T淋巴细胞检测。结果 1435份样本中,1种或2种快速试剂检测结果为阳性有398份,经WB检测确证377份阳性,符合率94.7%;2种快速试剂检测结果均为阳性的有379份,WB检测确证376份阳性,符合率99.2%;2种快速试剂检测结果为阴性的有1037份,经PCR检测未发现HIV RNA阳性样本。结论在VCT及各种应急检测时,可用快速试剂进行筛查,然后WB确证,以缩短等待时间,提高CD4+T淋巴细胞检测率。同时为保证检测质量,以防漏检,推荐使用2种质量优良的快速试剂同时筛查。

Objective To explore the way to further shorten the waiting time for confirmed results and improve the detection rate of CD4+ T lymphocytes for HIV infections by applying HIV rapid test (RT) to voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), and comparing the consistency of results between RT and western blotting (WB). Methods Two reagents of RT were used for HIV screening, and WB was used for confirming test in positive samples found by one or two RT. The results were compared and evaluated. At the same time, blood samples were collected for the detection of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Results Among 1435 samples, 398 were found positive by one or two RT reagents. Among these 398 samples, 377 were confirmed positive by WB, with a consistent rate of 94.7%;379 samples were found positive by two RT reagents, and 376 were confirmed positive by WB, with a consistent rate of 99.2%; 1037 samples were found negative by two RT reagents, and among them HIV RNA positive sample was not found by pooling PCR. Conc