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双语推荐：cGAS

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干扰素基因刺激蛋白(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)是天然免疫信号通路中重要接头蛋白,环鸟苷酸-腺苷酸合成酶(cyclic GMP-AMP synthase,cGAS)是其上游DNA识别受体,两者共同参与的cGAS-STING通路在识别外源性DNA、介导产生Ⅰ型干扰素的过程中发挥重要。最近研究结果表明,人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)入侵宿主细胞后,能激活cGAS-STING通路,诱导天然免疫反应,抑制HIV病毒活性。本文将对该信号通路的作用机制及相关内容加以综述,以期为开拓新的抗HIV药物靶点和分子设计提供新思路。
Stimulator of interferon genes(STING)are important adaptor proteins in innate immune-related signal pathway. The upstream protein,cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS),is cytosolic DNA sensor. Detection of cytosolic DNA,cGAS-STING pathway can be activated and subsequently activate the type Ⅰ interferon (IFN)antiviral response. Recent studies indicated that retroviruses especially HIV can activate the host innate immune system through cGAS-STING pathway and trigger robust immune response. In this review,we briefly describe the mechanism of innate immune activated by the newly discovered cGAS-STING pathway and highlight recent progress in STING agonist.

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机体对入侵抗原的识别是启动固有免疫的关键步骤.当哺乳动物细胞受到微生物病原体感染后,细胞即通过表达多种胞质DNA受体来识别感染信号并激活多种信号转导通路.有效的免疫反应通常需要通过各亚细胞结构中的多种受体对抗原依次检测.近年来,国内外学者接连发现了STING、cGAS、DDX41、IFI16、LRRFIP1、DNA-PK、MRE11、DAI和AIM2等众多胞质DNA受体,并对其诱导干扰素产生的过程进行了研究.这将对更全面的认识固有免疫应答产生重要意义.
Recognizing the presence of invading pathogens is the key to mounting an effective innate immune response.Mammalian cells express different classes of cytosolic DNA-associated receptor that monitors the host cells for signs of infection and activate several conserved signaling pathways.DNA is immunogenic and many cells express cytosolic DNA-associated receptors that activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) adaptor to trigger interferon type Ⅰ (IFN-β) release,a potent immune activator.An efficient immune response often requires the sequential detection of a pathogen buy different receptors in different subcellular compartments.Many receptors were found in recent years,which include STING,cGAS,DDX41,IFI16,LRRFIP1,DNA-PK,MRE11,DAI,AIM2 and so on.It will shed further light on innate immune response.

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目的：分析舍曲林用于儿童情绪障碍临床治疗的效果。方法：抽取2011年3月-2013年12月到我院接受治疗的82例情绪障碍患儿，根据患儿治疗方法的区别，分成观察组与对照组，对照组采用常规方式给予临床治疗，观察组在对照组治疗基础上采取舍曲林联合治疗，对比两组患儿治疗效果。结果：对照组与观察组治疗效果分别为75.61%、92.68%，观察组治疗效果明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）；通过治疗后，观察组患儿的CGAS量表评分明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组患儿在治疗过程中没有出现严重影响治疗的不良反应，患儿均能耐受。结论：舍曲林用于儿童情绪障碍的临床治疗中，获得较为明显的效果，改善患儿临床症状，不良反应低，值得进一步推广。
Objective: analysis of sertraline for clinical treatment of children with emotional disorder effect. Methods: 82 cases of children with emotional disorders from 2011 March~2013 year in December to our hospital for treatment, according to the different treatment methods, divided into the observation group and the control group, the control group using conventional methods for clinical treatment, the observation group based on the treatment in control group taking sertraline combined treatment, the therapeutic effect of two groups were compared. Results: in the control group and the observation group were 75.61%, 92.68%, the patients in the observation group was better than the control group (P < 0.05); after the treatment, the observation group with CGAS scale score was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Adverse reactions of the two groups in the treatment process did not appear serious influence treatment, patients were able to tolerate. Conclusion: sertral

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合成了以壳聚糖(CS)为主链、聚(L-谷氨酸)(PLGA)为侧链的接枝型聚两性电解质CS-g-PLGA(CGA),表征了其结构与组成,探讨了pH值、离子强度和离子种类等对CGA水溶液性质的影响.研究发现,随着溶液离子强度的增大,CGA的等电点(IEP)移向高pH值;离子水化半径越大,对CGA分子中相反电荷的屏蔽作用越弱,对IEP的影响越小;CGA中氨基和羧基相对含量越接近,对溶液离子强度的变化越敏感.此外,CGA具有显著的pH响应性,在酸性及碱性溶液中分别形成结构相反的聚集体.在CS主链氨基含量相近的条件下,聚集体的稳定性随PLGA链长的增加而提高.酸性溶液中聚集体粒径取决于CS主链的电荷数;碱性溶液中PLGA侧链越长则平均粒径越大.
The graft polyampholytes containing a chitosan backbone and poly( L-glutamic acid) branches, i. e. CS-g-PLGA(CGA), with different compositions were synthesized. The molecular architecture and the composition of CGA were characterized. The influences of environmental conditions, such as pH value, ionic strength and ionic types, on the aqueous solution properties of CGAs were investigated. The results show that the isoelectric point(IEP) of CGA shifts to higher pH values with increasing the ionic strength. The larger the ion hydration radius is, the less it influences the IEP. The CGA with approximative amino and carboxyl con-tents is more sensitive to the variation of ionic strength. Moreover, CGAs exhibit notable pH responsibility to form reversible aggregates in acidic and alkaline solutions, respectively. The stability of the aggregates is found to be improved by increasing the length of PLGA branches for CGAs with similar amino content. The hydrody-namic radii of the aggregates depe

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