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双语推荐：ras

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K-ras基因是一种癌基因,促进细胞生长、分化,基因的突变使ras蛋白丧失GTP酶活性,导致细胞的异常生长、分化,促进癌的发生,同时导致使用抗表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)多克隆抗体药物治疗的结直肠癌患者无明显获益.结直肠癌不同实体肿瘤的K-ras基因突变率不同,K-ras基因野生型或突变型对治疗方案选择及预后具有重要意义,突变型患者使用抗EGFR抗体治疗效果差,对5-FU、FOLFOX疗效尚无一致定论.
K-ras gene is one of oncogenes,which promotes cells growth and differentiation.Ras protein loses the activity of GTP enzyme because of K-ras mutations,and that may cause abnormal growth,differentiation of cells and promote the occurrence of tumor.Patients with colorectal carcinoma that carry mutations in K-ras gene do not benefit from the administration of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) polyclonal antibodies.Different solid tumors of colorectal carcinoma have different K-ras mutation rates.Different genotypes of K-ras gene (wild-type or K-ras mutant type) affect significantly on treatment options and prognosis.The efficacy of mutant type patients with anti-EGFR antibodies is poor,and the therapeutic effects of 5-FU and FOLFOX are still unclear.

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目的：分析转基因c-Ha-ras在C57-ras癌症小鼠模型中的组织表达谱及时空表达差异。方法：利用半定量及荧光定量RT-PCR法，分析不同首建鼠系、不同周龄小鼠各脏器中转基因c-Ha-ras的表达。结果：转基因c-Ha-ras在心、肝等13种组织器官中均有表达，在肺脏中表达最高，在肝脏中表达最低，No.2、No.3和No.5等3个首建鼠均呈现相似的变化规律；转基因在No.5首建鼠中表达水平最高，而在同一个首建鼠系中，12周龄时表达高于8周龄和24周龄。结论：转基因c-Ha-ras在各脏器中能高效表达，并间接表明该转基因能稳定遗传，为C57-ras癌症小鼠模型用于新药临床前致癌性评价提了供理论支持。
Objective: To analyze gene expression profile and the time-space expression distribution of c-Ha-ras gene in C57-ras cancer transgenic mice. Methods:Primers were designed according to c-Ha-ras gene sequence, we analyzed expression profile in different founders and various tissues of C57-ras cancer transgenic mice by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR method. Results:Analysis showed that c-Ha-ras had the high-est expressional level in lung, and lowest in liver. Similar change rule were found in No.2, No.3 and No.5 lines. In the aspect of expression in different time phase, comparison was done in the same line, 12-week C57-ras mice was higher than 8-week and 24-week. Among all the three founder lines, c-Ha-ras expressed highest in No.5. Conclusion:Transgenic c-Ha-ras expressed in the C57-ras cancer mice, which provided theoretical support for applying this mouse model in new drug preclinical carcinogenicity evaluation. Due to the highest expression in line No.5, it might be br

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目的 探讨大肠癌组织中NF-κB p65的活化与k-ras基因突变的相关性。方法 用免疫组织化学方法检测167例已知k-ras基因状态的大肠癌组织中NF-κB p65的核表达。结果 在167例大肠癌组织中，k-ras基因突变59例，突变率35.3 %；NF-κB p65核表达阳性63例，阳性率37.7 ％。不同性别、年龄、ECOG评分、病理类型、病理分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移与否的病例k-ras基因突变率和NF-κB p65核表达差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。k-ras基因突变的病例中NF-κB p65核表达率50.8 %（30／59），k-ras基因野生型病例中NF-κB p65核表达率30.6 %（33／108）。两者的表达率差异有统计学意义（P＝0.010）。结论 大肠癌组织中NF-κB p65的活化与k-ras基因突变相关。
Objective To investigate the corresponds between NF-κB p65 activation and k-ras mutations.Methods NF-κB p65 activation was analyzed by immunochemistry in 167 colorectal cancer specimens in which the k-ras mutation status was confirmed.Resluts Among 167 colorectal cancer specimens screened,59 (35.3 ％) had k-ras mutations and 63 (37.7 ％) had NF-κB p65 activation.k-ras mutations and NF-κB p65 nuclear expression were no significant difference in different sex,age,ECOG score,pathological types,degrees of pathological differentiation,TNM stage,and metastases on lymph nodes (P＞ 0.05).The positive nuclear expression rate of NF-κB p65 was 50.8 ％ (30/59) in specimens with k-ras mutations and 30.6 ％ (33/108) in specimens with wild type k-ras.There was obviously statistical difference between them (P =0.010).Conclusion NF-κB p65 activation in coloretal cancer was associated with k-ras mutations.

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目的 观察喉鳞状细胞癌中K-ras基因启动子甲基化及其蛋白的表达.方法 应用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(MSP)检测55例喉鳞状细胞癌及其癌旁组织中K-ras基因启动子甲基化状态,并采用Western blot法检测K-ras蛋白的表达.结果 55例喉鳞状细胞癌组织中24例(43.6％) K-ras基因低甲基化,而癌旁组织中仅8例(14.5％)为低甲基化;喉鳞状细胞癌组织中K-ras基因启动子甲基化水平明显低于癌旁组织(P＜0.05);喉鳞状细胞癌组织K-ras基因低甲基化与年龄、性别及淋巴结转移等临床病理特征无明显相关(P＞0.05);而与分化程度及临床分期间明显相关(P＜0.05).此外,喉鳞状细胞癌组织中K-ras蛋白表达水平明显高于癌旁组织.结论 K-ras基因启动子低甲基化可能对喉鳞状细胞癌的发生发展具有重要作用,并可能是喉鳞状细胞癌中K-ras蛋白高表达的原因之一.
Objective To investigate the methylation status of K-ras gene promoter and its protein expression in patients with larynx squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The methylation status of K-ras gene promoter in tumor and matched tissue from 55 patients with larynx squamous cell carcinoma was detected by methylation specific polymerease chain reaction (MSP) technique.The relationship between the methylation status of K-ras and the clinicopathological features in patients with larynx squamous cell carcinoma was also analyzed.Furthermore,the protein expression of K-ras was detected by immunoblotting.Results Hypomethylation of K-ras gene promoter was found in 43.6％ (24/55) of the all tumor tissue samples.However,hypomethylation was only found in 8 (14.5％) of 55 matched adjacent non-tumor samples,which was significantly lower than that in tumor tissue samples (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,hypomethylation of K-ras was not obviously related to sex,age,or lymph node metastasis status (P ＞ 0.05).H

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肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)是人体内重要的体液调节系统。RAS既存在于循环系统中,也存在于血管壁、心脏、中枢、肾脏和肾上腺等组织中,共同参与对靶器官的调节。该系统与高血压合并肾损害疾病有着密不可分的关系。本文主要从RAS与高血压关系、RAS中多种受体及多种受体基因多态性与高血压及高血压合并肾损害的关系等方面,对RAS研究状况进行简要综述,以期为以后高血压及高血压合并肾损害的防治依据提供参考。
RAS is an important body fluid regulation system. Joining participation in the regulation of target organs, RAS exists in circulation system or in the vessel wall, heart, center, kidney and adrenal glands, which is associated with hypertension and hypertensive renal disease damage closely. Recent relevant references and information were summarized, and further analyzed and reviewed in this paper. Research conditions of RAS was summarized briefly, which generally included relationship between RAS and hypertension, relationship between a variety of receptors or receptor gene polymorphism and hypertension or hypertensive renal damage, in hope that related research could be references for the prevention of hypertension and hypertensive kidney damage.

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目的分析突变型Ras蛋白表达与食管癌复发的相关性。方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测65例食管癌(复发组43例和未复发组22例)手术标本中突变型Ras蛋白的表达情况。结果复发组Ras蛋白阳性表达率是72.09%(31/43),未复发组是18.18%(4/22)(P0.05),且其表达与分化程度有关。结论突变型Ras蛋白检测可作为预测食管癌术后是否复发的参考因素。
Objective To investigate the correlation of Ras protein with recurrence in esophagus carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemistry S-P method was used to detect the mutated Ras protein expression in the 65 pa-tients with undergone surgery for esophagus carcinoma(43 patients with recurrence and 22 patients without recur-rence). Results The positive rate of mutated Ras protein was 72. 09%(31 / 43)in the patients with recurrence, and was 18. 18%(4 / 22)in the patients without recurrence(P < 0. 05). The expression of mutated Ras protein was related to differentiation. Conclusion Mutated Ras protein may be refered as a factor for predicting the recurrence in esophagus carcinoma.

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目的探讨结直肠癌患者K-ras基因突变情况,比较汉族与维吾尔族患者K-ras基因突变率的差异,同时分析K-ras基因突变的影响因素。方法收集2010年1月—2013年3月新疆医科大学第一附属医院结直肠癌活检或手术切除病理标本91例,汉族52例,维吾尔族39例。应用焦磷酸测序法对K-ras基因外显子2第12、13密码子突变情况进行检测,比较汉族与维吾尔族患者K-ras基因突变率的差异,采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归法分析K-ras基因突变的影响因素。结果 91例结直肠癌患者中K-ras基因突变型33例,总突变率为36.3%,单纯12密码子突变24例(占72.7%),单纯13密码子突变9例(占27.3%),无12、13密码子均突变病例。维吾尔族12密码子突变率明显高于汉族(P0.05),但两组总突变率及13密码子突变率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析显示,结直肠癌患者中K-ras基因突变率与性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、肿瘤部位、大体病理类型、分化程度、分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及远处转移均无相关性(P0.05)。结论结直肠癌患者K-ras基因突变率高,维吾尔族12密码子突变率高于汉族。K-ras基因突变率与患者临床病理特征无明显相关性。
Objective To study the K-ras gene mutations in Han and Uyghur patients with colorectal cancer in Xin-jiang and to compare the K-ras gene mutation rate as well as to analyze influencing factors. Methods 91 cases of paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of colorectal cancer patients(52 cases of Han and 39 cases of Uyghur)admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2010 to March 2013 were collected. K-ras gene mutations in codon 12 and 13 of exon 2 were detected by pyrosequencing. The K-ras gene mutation rate between Han and Uyghur was compared,and uni-variate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze influencing factors for K-ras gene mutation. Results 33 cases(36. 3%)were mutated at K-ras gene. 24 cases(72. 7%)were mutated at codon 12 and 9 cases(27. 3%)were mutated at codon 13,and no case had mutation at both codon 12 and codon 13. The mutation at codon 12 in Uyghur was signifi-cantly higher than in Han(P 0. 05). The mutat

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目的：探讨外周血糖链抗原19-9（CA19-9）及胰腺癌组织K-ras基因突变联合检测早期诊断胰腺癌的价值。方法选择31例胰腺癌行手术治疗的患者作为胰腺癌组，22例胰腺良性病变行手术治疗的患者作为良性组。采用电化学发光法检测两组外周血CA19-9水平，比较外周血CA19-9阳性（＞39 U／mL）率。采用突变等位基因特异性扩增（ PCR-MASA）法检测两组病变组织K-ras基因12密码子点突变情况，计算K-ras基因突变率。计算CA19-9、K-ras基因突变单一检测及联合检测对胰腺癌的诊断效能。结果胰腺癌组CA19-9阳性率为74．2％（23／31）， K-ras基因突变率为80．6％（25／31）。胰腺癌组CA19-9阳性率及K-ras 基因突变率均明显高于良性组（ P均＜0．05）；CA19-9与K-ras基因联合检测诊断胰腺癌的特异性、阳性预测值及诊断准确性均高于CA19-9与K-ras基因单一检测。结论 CA19-9与K-ras基因联合检测诊断早期胰腺癌的价值高于二者单一检测。
Objective To investigate the effects of combined detections of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 ( CA19-9 ) and K-ras gene mutation for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer .Methods Thirty-one patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgery ( the pancreatic cancer group ) and 22 cases with pancreatic benign lesions undergoing surgery ( the benign group ) were selected .The CA19-9 level in the peripheral blood was detected by electrochemiluminescence and the positive (>39 U/mL) rate of CA19-9 was calculated in the two groups; K-ras gene 12 codon mutations were detected by mutant allele-specific amplification ( PCR-MASA) and K-ras gene mutation rate was calculated .Results The CA19-9 positive rate and the K-ras gene mutation rate of pancreatic cancer group were significantly higher than those of the benign group ( all P<0.05).K-ras gene mutation rate was 80.6% (25/31).The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value , negative predictive value and accuracy of combined detections of CA 19-9 a

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目的 :探讨联合靶向Ras和mTOR信号在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)治疗中的价值。方法 :四甲基偶氮唑盐(methylthiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)检测不同浓度Ras抑制剂(farnesylthiosalicylic acid,FTS)和(或)mTOR抑制剂雷帕霉素对肝癌细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;进一步研究两种药物联合对Balb/c小鼠肝癌移植瘤生长的影响。结果:FTS联合雷帕霉素更能抑制HepG2细胞增殖、抑制小鼠肝癌移植瘤的生长,诱导肝癌细胞凋亡。结论:Ras和mTOR信号在HCC治疗中具有联合靶向价值。
Objective: To investigate the value of combined blockade Ras and mTOR signaling in the therapy of HCC. Methods: Specific Ras and/or mTOR inhibitors were used to inhibit Ras and mTOR relatively. Cell proliferation was assessed by using the MTT assay. Early apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide double staining assay. The ef-fects of the two drugs on HCC were also assessed in xenograft models. Results:Ras inhibitor FTS and mTOR inhibitor all in-hibited HepG2 and Huh-7 cell growth, induced cell apoptosis. Conclusion: Con-target Ras and mTOR could markedly in-hibited HCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

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目的：探讨ALK、K-ras蛋白表达与非小细胞肺癌的病理关系。方法分别采用免疫组织化学放大聚合物法、EUvison法检测120例NSCLC患者手术切除石蜡标本中ALK、K-ras蛋白的表达情况，分析ALK和K-ras蛋白的阳性表达与病理指标之间的关系。结果本研究中120例患者ALK蛋白阳性表达17例（14.17%）， ALK蛋白主要位于肿瘤细胞的细胞浆内，少数位于细胞膜上；K-ras蛋白阳性表达66例（55.00%），K-ras蛋白广泛分布于肿瘤细胞的细胞浆内和细胞膜上；ALK和K-ras蛋白均在抽烟史、病理类型和分化程度分布上差异有统计学意义：ALK蛋白在有抽烟史的患者中阳性表达率显著低于无抽烟史者，在腺癌中阳性表达率显著高于鳞癌，在高～中分化癌中阳性表达率显著低于低分化癌，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；K-ras蛋白在有抽烟史的患者中阳性表达率显著高于无抽烟史者，在腺癌中阳性表达率显著高于鳞癌，在高～中分化癌中阳性表达率显著高于低分化癌，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 ALK和K-ras蛋白的表达与NSCLC患者是否有抽烟史、临床病理类型以及肿瘤分化程度有紧密联系。
Objective To explore the pathological relationship between expression of ALK, K-ras protein and non-small cell lung cancer. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled. The expression of ALK, K-ras protein was tested by immunohistochemical method of polymer, EUvison. The relationship between positive expression and pathological features for ALK, K-ras expression were analyzed. Results Of the 120 cas-es, 17 were ALK positive (14.17%). The ALK were located in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, a few were located in cyto-membrane. 66 cases were found with K-ras positive (55.00%). The K-ras were located in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and cytomembrane. The expression of ALK and K-ras showed significant difference in smoking history, pathological pattern, degrees of differentiation (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of ALK protein was lower in patients with smoking his-tory than those without history of smoking, in squamous cell carcinoma t

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