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双语推荐：体温计

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目的：用接触式电子体温计代替水银体温计测量体温，减少水银危害，保证病人、医务人员及环境安全。方法：调查护士对接触式电子体温计及水银温度计认知情况，比较各类温度计优缺点，对照接触式电子体温计与水银温度计测温准确性。结果：70％以上的护士不清楚水银的危害和水银体温计破碎后的正确处理方法，两种体温计测温结果差异无统计学意义，93％护士愿意使用接触式电子体温计。结论：接触式电子体温计测温安全、准确、使用便捷，可代替水银体温计测量体温。
Objective :Measuring temperature with a contact -type electronic thermometer instead of a mercurial one to reduce mercury hazard ,and to ensure the safety of patients ,medical staffs and the environment .Methods :Investigating the cognitive situation of contact -type electronic thermometers and mercurial ones in nurses ,comparing advantages and disadvantages of various thermometers and the accura-cy of contact -tpye electronic thermometer and mercury thermometer .Results :More than 70% of the nurses don''t know the danger of mer-cury ,or the appropriate way to handle a broken mercury thermometer .There is no statistically significant difference in measurement results between two thermometers .93% nurses would use contact -type electronic thermometer .Conclusion :Contact -type electronic thermome-ter can replace the mercurial thermometer with its safety ,accuracy and easy to use .

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了解本地区医疗机构体温计使用现状及存在问题。方法:自行设计问卷对本地区12家医疗机构252名临床护士进行调查,内容包括主要测温工具、体温计使用管理、护士对各种体温计使用方法的认知、护士对汞污染危害的认知等。结果:水银体温计、无汞体温计在医疗机构的使用率分别是100%、48.39%;90.08%的被调查护士有打破水银体温计经历,其中仅有48.63%的护士认为自己能正确处理泄露在环境中的汞;护士对无汞体温计使用方法、注意事项等的认知率均30%,与水银体温计比较有统计学差异;医疗机构对无汞体温计的使用管理不规范。结论:本地区医疗机构体温测量呈多元化趋势;医疗机构存在汞污染风险;护士无汞体温计使用知识缺乏;无汞体温计临床使用管理存在空白,希望得到管理层的重视和护理相关规范的支持。
Objectives: To investigate the current status of thermometers usage and existing problems. Methods: Totally 252 clinical nurses were recruited from 12 medical institutions in Kunshan and investigated by a self-designed questionnaire including major temperature measurement devices, thermometer usage management, nurses'' cognitions of various kinds of thermometers usage and mercury pollution hazard. Results: The usage rates of mercury thermometer and mercury free thermometers in medical institutions were 100% and 48.39%, respectively. About 90.08% nurses had the experience of breaking mercury thermometer and only 48.63% of them considered they could properly handle the leakage of mercury in the environment. The cognition rates of the mercury free thermometers usage method and usage matters needing attention were <30%, which was statistically signiifcant with those of mercury-thermometers. The usage and management of mercury free thermometer in medical institutions were not norm

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本研究介绍无汞体温计的测温原理、测量部位及方法，综述了无汞体温计测量体温的研究现状，展望了无汞体温计的应用前景，提出医疗机构应积极响应“无汞医疗”行动，规范无汞体温计的管理措施和医务人员测温行为，真正实现无汞体温计测温快速、测温准确、测温安全、使用简便的目标，节省临床护理时间及减少汞对环境污染的危险，为临床患者的诊治提供可靠依据。
This study introduces measurement principle, measurement locations and methods of mercury free ther-mometer, and research status of mercury free thermometer to measure temperature is reviewed, the prospect of applica-tion prospect of mercury free thermometer is looking forward to, and put forward that medical institutions should ac-tively respond to the "mercury free medical care" action, give the specification for mercury free thermometer in mea-sures temperature and medical personnel management behavior, it truly realizes that, the mercury free thermometer is fast of accurate temperature measurement, safe of temperature measurement, and easy to use, it saves time and reduces the risk of clinical nursing of mercury to the environment pollution, and provides a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.

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目的：观察75%酒精浸泡消毒体温计的有效时限。方法放入不同频率的体温计于75%酒精中浸泡消毒，分别于24小时、48小时、72小时测定酒精的浓度及微生物污染情况。结果在22C°的室温下，75%酒精消毒液浓度随着使用时间的延长、体温计放入频率的增加而逐渐降低，72小时染菌量小于100cfu/mL,均未检出致病菌。结论75%酒精消毒液用于体温计浸泡消毒，应该根据放入体温计的不同频率确定更换酒精消毒液的时间，室温在22C°以下，如每日放入体温计频率在20次以内，可以48小时更换一次酒精消毒液，如果每日放入体温计频率在15次以内可以72小时更换一次酒精消毒液。
Objective To observe the valid time of thermometer with 75% alcohol immersion disinfection. Method: The thermometer of different frequency was disinfected with 75%alcohol and the concentration of alcohol and microbial pol ution were measured after 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Results: At room temperature 22 ° c, the concentration of 75%alcohol disinfectant was gradual y reduced with the extension of time and the increase of frequency. The amount of bacteria was less than 100 cfu/ml and pathogenic bacteria was not detected after 72 hours. Conclusion: Whether alcohol with change was depended on the frequency of thermometer in the 75% alcohol immersion disinfection. At room temperature under 22 ° c, the alcoholic disinfectant might need to be replaced every 48 hours with frequency within 20 times and replaced every 72 hours with frequency within 15 times every day.

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介绍关于非接触式人体体温计的软硬件设计，主要应用于医疗测温、公共卫生以及家庭保健等方面。该体温计以单片机为核心， TPS434作为敏感探测元件，可实现人体体温的精确测量。体温计额外增加测距模块和语音播报模块，更加人性化且易普及。
This paper describes the software and hardware design of non-contact thermometer , which is mainly used in medical thermometry , public health and home care and other aspects . The thermometer uses single-chip as its core and TPS434 temperature sensor as sensitive detection devices , enabling accurate measurement of body temperature . Thermometer additional modules of ranging module and voice broadcast , making it is more humane and easy to spread .

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评价红外线耳温计在呼吸内科测温中的应用价值。方法:选择呼吸内科病人40例,利用Braun Type6022红外线耳温计测定耳温,玻璃水银柱式体温计分别测定口温和腋温,并对3组数据进行比较。结果:红外线耳温计测定耳温和玻璃水银柱式体温计测定口温差异无统计学意义(P0.05);玻璃水银柱式体温计测定腋温与耳温、口温比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);相关性分析显示腋温与口温测量值之间存在线性相关关系(P0.01),腋温与耳温测量值之间同样存在线性相关关系(P0.01)。结论:红外线耳温计和玻璃水银柱式体温计的用途一样,具有良好的应用价值。
Objective:To evaluate the advantage of using infrared ear thermometer in respiratory department. Methods:A total of 40 hospitalized patients were selected.Ear temperature was monitored by infrared ear ther-mometer, mouth temperature and axillary temperature were monitored by glass mercury column thermometer.Results:The differences between ear temperature and mouth temperature had no statistical significance(P>0.05) and the differences between axillary temperature and ear temperature or mouth temperature had statistical significance (P<0.01). Axillary temperature and ear temperature or mouth temperature were statistically related(P<0.01).Con-clusion:Infrared ear thermometer is worthy of clinical application in respiratory department.

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本文阐述了一种具有臭氧消毒功能的水银体温计甩降器的系统架构、硬件及软件设计过程和实验验证过程。该装置由人机界面、系统控制器、自动甩表机构、自动消毒机构和电源管理模块构成，能够迅速将水银柱甩降到初始位置，并对体温计进行自动臭氧消毒，从而能够减轻医务人员的工作强度，提高其工作效率。
This paper introduced the system architecture, hardware and software design processes as well as the experimental veriifcation process of a mercury thermometer centrifuge with ozone disinfection function. The centrifuge was composed of human-computer interface, system controller, automatic centrifugal device, automatic disinfection device and power management module. The mercury column of the thermometer can be dropped to the initial position rapidly and the ozone disinfection of the thermometer can be conducted automatically with the application of the centrifuge, thus, the working intensity of medical staff can be alleviated and the work efifciency of medical staff can be improved.

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自动量测的电子体温计是人们日常生活中的必备品。本文所介绍的新型数字体温计使用503ET型高精度热敏电阻,与一款高集成度的SoC芯片进行搭配设计。该高集成度的设计方案具有稳定性好、测量精度高、反应快速以及价格低等特点。测量精度最高可达0.05℃,并可在3秒～5秒内完成全部测温工作,适用于家庭与医院所需的体温测量。
Automatic measurement apparatus for clinical electrical thermometers are essential for daily life. A new design of digital clinical thermometer system is introduced in detail based on 503ET type high accuracy thermistor and a highly integrated SoC chip. The highly integration scheme provides excellent stability,great measuring accuracy, quick response and low cost. The measuring accuracy can reach to 0.05 degrees centigrade, and the measurement of temperature can be done in only 3 to 5 seconds. The proposed electronic clinical thermometer can be used in most families and hospitals.

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利用MSP430系列单片机集成的段式液晶驱动模块和16位Σ-Δ模数转换器，结合高温度系数的NTC热敏电阻，设计了一种高精度低功耗便携式数字体温计。详细介绍了该系统原理框架，NTC热敏电阻特性，AD温度采样原理，16位Σ-Δ模数转换器和软件的实现。在实际应用中以高精度、低功耗、测量时间短、方便携带等优点替代传统的水银体温计。
Using the MSP430 series SCM integration sections of LCD driver module and 16 Σ-Δ AD converter,combining high temperature coefficient of NTC thermistor,we design a high-precision low-power portable digital thermometer.Framework are introduced in detail the system principle,the NTC thermistors feature,AD sampling principle of temperature,16Σ-Δ adc and the realization of the software.In the practical application with high precision,low power consumption,short measurement time,the advantages of convenient alternatives to traditional mercury thermometer.

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目的：探讨红外线扫温枪在老年科的应用。方法选择2013年1—12月的老年患者200例,分别采用水银体温计测腋温(对照组)和红外线扫温枪测腋部、额部、颈部、内关体温(研究组),比较两组患者测量体温时间与终末消毒时间,5种方法测温效果,患者与护士对红外线测温仪测额部、颈部及内关部位测量使用的认可情况。结果研究组患者测量体温时间与终末消毒时间分别为(0.1±0.0)与(0.5±0.0)min,短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为20.61,49.71；P0.05)。患者与护士对红外线测温仪测颈部及内关部位较认可。结论红外线扫温枪测颈温和内关体温与水银体温计具有同样的稳定性和准确性。
Objective To explore the effect of infrared scanning temperature gun in geriatrics department. Methods A total of 200 cases of elderly patients were divided into control group with mercury thermometer ( armpit) and the test group with infrared scanning temperature gun ( armpit,mild forehead, neck, neiguan) . The time of measuring temperature and sterilization, and the effects on measuring temperature were compared. Results The time of measuring temperature and sterilization in the test group were (0. 1 ± 0. 0) and (0. 5 ± 0. 0 ) min, which were significantly shorter than those of the control group ( t = 20. 61, 49. 71, respectively;P 0. 05). Patients and nurses were more likely to the neck and neiguan measuring by infrared scanning temperature gun. Conclusions The stability and accuracy of infrared scanning temperature gun measuring neck and neiguan is same as the mercury thermometer.

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