目的调查和分析西藏日喀则地区女性的月经初潮年龄状况及影响因素。方法调查2010年7~12月在解放军第八医院初诊的2 492例女性妇科患者,其中藏族1 492例,汉族941例,分析初潮年龄与民族、海拔及城乡间的关系。结果藏族女性初潮年龄显著高于汉族女性[(15.090±1.898)岁vs.(13.920±1.538)岁,P0.05)];不同海拔组间初潮年龄差异有统计学意义(P0.01),随海拔增加,初潮年龄逐渐增大,Pearson相关值为0.323;藏族女性居于城镇的初潮年龄显著小于乡村女性[(14.760±1.784)岁vs.(15.580±1.873)岁,P0.05)]。结论藏族女性初潮年龄晚于汉族女性,随着海拔增加初潮时间逐渐延后。

Objective To explore the trends and influencing factors of woman′s menarche age in Shigatse area of Tibet .Methods Totally 2 492 cases of female outpatients been surveyed from July to December 2010 ,of which 1 492 cases of Tibetan and 941 ca‐ses of Han ,and the relationship between their menarche age and nationality ,altitude and residence were analyzed .Results The‐woman′s menarche age of Tibetan was significantly higher than that of Han women(15 .090 ± 1 .898 vs .13 .920 ± 1 .538 ,P<0 .05);the woman′s menarche age were significantly different among the different altitude groups (P<0 .01) ,the age of menarche increa‐ses gradually along with the altitude increasing ,and Pearson correlation value was 0 .323 .Menarche age of Tibetan women living in the town was significantly less than that of rural women (14 .760 ± 1 .784 vs .15 .580 ± 1 .873 ,P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Menarche age of Tibetan were later than Han women ,and were gradually delay with the elevation increase

目的：了解广州市发育正常青春期女生（12~15岁）血清中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）暴露水平，并初步探讨其与初潮年龄的关系。方法2012年3月，选择广州市白云区某中学30名健康体检的女生作为研究对象，采集静脉血样本，利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析方法检测其血清中DBP水平，以广东地区汉族女孩2005年初潮年龄的均值12.4岁为准，将调查对象分为初潮年龄<12.4岁组和初潮年龄≥12.4岁组，比较不同初潮年龄组女生血清DBP检出率及浓度分布的差异。结果30例女生的血样中，19例可检出DBP，检出率为63.3%，DBP的浓度范围为0~740μg/L，浓度中位数为60μg/L，且无年龄差异，其中初潮年龄<12.4岁组检出率为75.0%，初潮年龄≥12.4岁组检出率为86.4%，且前者血清DBP浓度分布的平均秩次高于后者，但两组检出率及浓度分布差异均无统计学意义。结论30名发育正常青春期女生血清DBP检出率和浓度中位数均处于较高水平，但无年龄差异，尚不能说明青春期女生血清DBP检出率及浓度分布与初潮年龄的相关性，但值得进一步加大样本量研究。

Objective To determine the exposure level of serum di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in healthy puberty girls aged 12 to 15 years in Guangzhou and study the relationship between DBP exposure and menarche age. Methods The serum samples were collected intravenously from 30 puberty girls who were identified as normal in their school physical examination in March 2012 in Baiyun District of Guangzhou City, aged 12 to 15. For serum DBP level determination, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was established. Girls were divided into two groups using menarche age 12.4 which was the mean of the Guangdong Han nationality girls in 2005 as a cut-point, one was the group with menache age early than 12.4 and the rest belonged to the other one. Then detection rate and concentration distribution of DBP between the two groups were analyzed. Results DBP could be detected in 19 serum samples from total 30 samples and the rate of detection was 63.3%. The concentrations of DBP ranged from non detectable t

目的：：探讨导致卵巢储备功能下降(DOR)的相关因素。方法：选取2012年5月~2014年5月在天津市中心妇产科医院生殖医学中心接受常规体外受精(IVF)或卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗的卵巢储备功能下降患者200例和非 DOR 患者200例(对照组)。采用 logistic 回归分析方法分析患者年龄、体重指数(BMI)、不孕年限、吸烟史、染色体、痛经史、初潮年龄、月经周期、经期、孕次、初次性生活、初次妊娠年龄、人流次数、药流次数、子宫内膜异位症、手术史、雄激素水平、血型、促排卵次数与 DOR 的关系。结果：最终进入 logistic 回归模型参数包括人流次数(OR =2.329)、促排卵次数(OR =9.578)、子宫内膜异位症史(OR =5.836)、初潮年龄(OR =0.318)、手术史(OR =3.409)。结论：人流次数、促排卵次数、子宫内膜异位症病史及手术史均为 DOR 危险因素，初潮年龄为 DOR保护因素。

Objective:To analyze the related factors on diminished ovarian reserve. Methods:From May 2012 to May 2014 200 women with DOR (DOR group)and 200 non﹣DOR (control group)received conventional in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the treatment of infertility in Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Center for Reproductive Medicine. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among age,BMI,time of infertility,smoking,chromosome,dysmenorrheal,age at menarche,menstrual cycle,menstrual period,gravidity frequency,age of first sexual life,age of first pregnancy,abor﹣tion and drug abortion frequency,endometriosis,surgical history,the level of testosterone,blood type,the frequency of ovulation and DOR. Results:Variables in the equation of logistic regres﹣sion were abortion frequency(OR =2. 329),the frequency of ovulation(OR = 9. 578),endome﹣triosis(OR = 5. 836),age at menarche(OR = 0. 318),surgical history( OR = 3. 409)

了解我国26个少数民族9~18岁女生月经初潮年龄的特点,并分析其与同省(区)汉族女生的差异。方法:利用2010年全国学生体质健康调研数据,对26个少数民族(蒙古族、回族、藏族等)31 711名9~18岁女生的月经初潮年龄进行分析,并与同省(区)汉族女生进行比较。用概率单位回归法计算月经初潮平均年龄(age at menarche,AAM),采用χ2检验、U检验等对数据进行比较,使用聚类分析绘制少数民族女生AAM动态聚类图。结果:在13岁年龄组,月经初潮发生率最低的民族为撒拉族(32.71%),最高的为朝鲜族(93.23%)(P0.01)。到18岁时,99.60%的女生均已出现月经。在26个少数民族中,AAM最早的前3位分别为朝鲜族(11.79岁)、蒙古族(12.44岁)和壮族(12.52岁),AAM最晚的3个少数民族分别为东乡族(14.36岁)、撒拉族(14.32岁)和水族(14.02岁)。与同省(区)汉族女生比较,朝鲜族和蒙古族女生AAM分别早于同省(区)汉族女生0.93岁和0.14岁;纳西族和羌族女生AAM与同省(区)汉族女生基本一致,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);其余少数民族女生AAM均晚于同省(区)汉族女生。聚类分析发现,26个少数民族可分为AAM较早组、中间组和较晚组3大类型,较早组为朝鲜族,较晚组为东乡族、撒拉族、维吾尔族、彝族和水族,其余20个少数民族属于中间组。结论:我国各少数民族女生AAM民族间差异较大,与同省(区)汉族女生相比,除朝鲜族和蒙古族女生的AAM明显早于当地汉族女生外,其他少数民族女生的AAM均接近或晚于当地汉族女生。

Objective:To analyze the current situation of age at menarche ( AAM) in Chinese ethnic minority girls aged 9 -18 years, and compare the AAM with that of Chinese Han girls from the same province or autonomous region .Methods:Probit analyses were used to calculate the AAM in various eth-nic minority groups of Chinese girls who participated in 2010 National Physical Fitness and Health Sur-veillance .The sample size of ethnic minority girls was 31 711, and the ethnic minorities were Mongolian , Hui, Tibetan, Uighur, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Korean, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Kazak, Dai, Li, Lisu, Wa, Shui, Dongxiang, Naxi, Kirgiz, Tu, Qiang and Sala.The local Han girls to compare with the AAM were also surveyed in 2010 National Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance .Results:In the 13-year-old group, the percentage of menarche in Sala was the lowest (32.17%), while that in Korean was the highest (93.23%).At the age of 18, 99.60%ethnic minority girls appeared menstruating .The AAM of the

研究甘肃地区汉族妇女XRCC1 rs25487、CCNH rs2234942基因多态性与乳腺癌及乳腺良性肿瘤发病的相关性。方法:选取经病理组织学确诊的乳腺癌、乳腺良性肿瘤各101例,匹配相同数量健康人作对照。使用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态分析技术(PCR-RFLP)对XRCC1、CCNH进行基因型分析,通过Logistic回归分析不同基因型和临床病理特征与乳腺癌发病2的风险性关系,通过检验比较两种基因位点不同基因型的初潮年龄、发病年龄与乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿瘤的相关性。结果:Logistic回归分析发现XRCC1 rs25487位点GG基因型携带者的妇女罹患乳腺癌的危险性增加(P=0.001,OR=6.39,95%CI:2.18~+-18.65);临床病理免疫组化分析显示,XRCC1基因rs25487位点携带AA/AG基因型者,在PR与PR乳腺癌组织间的分布差异有显著+-2性(P=0.04,OR=0.29);携带AG/GG基因型者,在Her-2与Her-2乳腺癌组织间的分布差异有显著性(P=0.008,OR=0.45)。检验显示,乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿瘤患者XRCC1 rs25487位点GG/AG基因型携带者的初潮年龄差异有显著性(P=0.001、0.043);乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿瘤患者CCNH rs2234942位点GG基因型携带者的初潮年龄差异有显著性(P=0.049);乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿瘤患者XRCC1rs25487和CCNH rs2234942

To study the association between XRCC1 rs25487 and CCNH rs2234942 polymorphism with the susceptibility to breast cancer and benign breast tumor in Han women in Gansu area. METHODS:Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was used for the polymorphism of XRCC1,CCNH in 101 cases of breast cancer,101 benign breast tumors and 101 disease-free controls collected in Gansu. Logistic regression analysis was used for comparing the genotypes or clinical pathological characteristics with the risk of breast cancer. Chi-square test was used to compare menarche age and disease onset age with the risk of breast cancer or benign tumor. RESULTS:Logistic regression analysis showed that XRCC1 rs25487,GG genotype increased the risk of breast cancer (P=0.001,OR=6.39,95%CI:2.18-18.65). Regarding the clinicopathological immunohistochemical characteristics,the distribution of AA/AG genotype was significantly different+ -between PR and PR at XRCC1 rs25487(P=0.04,OR=0.