E读

双语推荐：蛋白质

为了揭示水稻穗上不同粒位籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量的差异及其分布特点。选用直立穗型和弯曲穗型水稻为材料,按照穗部位置分类进行研究。结果显示,2种水稻穗上籽粒总蛋白质及其组分含量间没有差异。一次枝梗的总蛋白质、清蛋白质、醇溶蛋白质和谷蛋白质含量低于二次枝梗,球蛋白质含量则相反；总蛋白质、球蛋白质、醇溶蛋白质和谷蛋白质含量均表现为穗上部〈穗中部〈穗下部,清蛋白质含量则相反。一次枝梗上先开花的第1粒位籽粒的总蛋白质、清蛋白质、谷蛋白质含量最高,其次是基部籽粒（第6、5粒位）,中间开花的顶端第3、4粒位籽粒最低,最后开花的顶端第2粒位籽粒略高。上部二次枝梗上中间开花的第3粒位籽粒总蛋白质、清蛋白质、谷蛋白质含量最低；中、下部二次枝梗上先开花的顶花第1粒位籽粒最低,基部籽粒（第3粒位）居中,最后开花的顶端第2粒位籽粒最高。球蛋白质和醇溶蛋白质含量在粒位间的排列顺序没有规律性。表明水稻穗内不同粒位间籽粒的总蛋白质及其组分含量与其颖花在穗上的开花顺序有较密切联系。从空间上看,稻穗从上到下,总蛋白质、球蛋白质、醇溶蛋白质和谷蛋白质含量有逐渐升高的趋势,清蛋白质含量则有逐渐降低的趋势。

(1. Postdoctoral Programme, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Postdoctoral Programme, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150086, Chi-na; 2. Jiamusi Rice Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154026,China; 3. Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China) Three rice varieties with erect panicle and three rice varieties with curved panicle were used as materials to study the differences in protein contents and its components contents in rice grains and their distri-butions. Results showed that protein contents and its components contents did not differ in two types of japonica rice. Total protein contents, albumin con-tents, prolamin contents, glutelin contents in the grains on a primary branch were lower than those on a secondary branch, but globulin contents had the op-posite trend. Total protein contents, globulin con-tents, prolamin contents, glutelin contents in the grains took the order of upper panicle part

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【目的】建立十字花科黑腐病菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris,Xcc)的蛋白质组学研究平台,用于分离、鉴定该菌的致病相关蛋白质。【方法】Xcc 8004经过液体培养,分别提取胞内蛋白质和胞外蛋白质,对所有蛋白质进行液体酶解,通过强阳离子交换色谱预分离多肽混合物,预分离后的馏分采用EASY-nLC结合LTQ-Orbitrap质谱鉴定蛋白质表达谱。【结果】建立了基于bottom-up策略的蛋白质组鉴定方法,采用第一维离子交换预分离和第二维反相色谱分离结合,实现了高通量鉴定蛋白质组表达谱的技术体系。通过SEQUEST检索,在胞内蛋白质样品中共鉴定蛋白质数目为1595个,胞外蛋白质样品共鉴定蛋白质数目为1241个。【结论】建立的LC-MS/MS方法适合用于十字花科黑腐病菌蛋白质组学的研究,为研究微生物植物相互作用奠定了方法与理论基础。

[Objective ]A proteomics technical platform of Xanthomonas campestris pv . campestris (Xcc )was established for the separation and identification of pathogenic bacteria associated proteins.[Methods]The intracellular proteins and extracellular proteins of Xcc 8004 strains were extracted after liquid cultured.After in-solution digestion of total proteins,the peptides mixtures were separated by strong cation exchange (SCX)column.The proteome pro-files were acquired by EASY-nLC combined LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer.[Results]Based on bottom-up method,the proteins were analyzed by cation exchange column and nanoflow re-versed-phase liquid chromatography.The high proteomic profile identification was realized.The mass spectrometry data were searched with SEQUEST.As a result,a total of 1595 proteins were obtained from intracellular proteins and a total of 1241 proteins were obtained from extra-cellular proteins.[Conclusion]LC-MS/MS work-flow could be utilized successfully in the pro-teomics r

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采用蛋白质组学分析技术，对养分胁迫下杂交水稻威优916根系蛋白质组差异表达进行研究，以揭示养分胁迫对水稻生育后期根系衰老影响的分子机理。根系蛋白质经双向电泳分析及差异检测，获得了23个发生差异表达蛋白质，经串联质谱分析（ESI-Q MS/MS），17个蛋白质功能得到鉴定，包括2个呼吸代谢相关蛋白质、7个根系生长发育相关蛋白质、6个逆境相关蛋白质及2个未知功能蛋白质。差异表达蛋白质功能分析结果表明：最初的养分胁迫能够刺激根系的分化生长；但持续的养分胁迫诱导根系大量逆境应答蛋白质上调表达，呼吸代谢减弱，根系生长发育受阻，木质化程度增加，根系衰老加剧。

In order to reveal the molecular senescence mechanism of rice root with nutrient deficiency during filling stage,the proteins expression profile of root in hybrid rice Weiyou 916 were investigated by using the ap-proach of proteomics.Proteins were extracted from rice roots and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, then 23 differential expression proteins were obtained ,among which 17 proteins involved respiration(2 proteins), root development(7 proteins),stress response(6 proteins) and hypothetical protein(2 proteins) were identified by ESI-Q MS/MS.The 17 proteins′functions were analyzed and results showed that:rice roots had fast development and growth at early nutrient deficiency .Long-term nutrient deficiency resulted in the accumulation of stress response proteins,weak respiration,slow growth and high lignification in rice root ,which led to the senescence of root.

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蛋白质折叠过程中的结构变异可能导致"折叠病",比如老年痴呆症和多聚谷氨酰胺疾病等。因此蛋白质折叠研究对于揭示"折叠病"致病机理、指导药物设计等具有重大意义。文章阐述了蛋白质折叠计算机模拟研究的研究近况,分别介绍了蛋白质侧链研究、蛋白质折叠算法、蛋白质折叠病研究、蛋白质的分子动力学模拟和蛋白质结构预测等几个方面。

Protein misfolding leads to many diseases, such as Alzhemizer disease and polyQ diseases, etc. Protein folding is vital for the mechanism study of folding-related diseases. In this paper, several aspects in protein folding were reviewed, including the side chain ordering, computational algorithms for protein folding, folding diseases, molecular dynamics simulation and structure prediction.

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选择2013年春季出生、生长发育良好、胎次相近、体重35 kg左右的烟台黑猪仔猪80头为研究对象,随机分为3组,试验1组26头饲喂高蛋白质水平饲粮,试验2组26头饲喂中等蛋白质水平饲粮,试验3组28头饲喂低蛋白质水平饲粮。每组3个重复,每个重复8~10头猪。结果表明,肥育期和全期日增重都以高蛋白质水平组最高,分别比中等蛋白质水平组和低蛋白质水平组提高14.36%(P0.05)、4.18%(P0.05)和9.87%(P0.05)、4.42%(P0.05);全期料重比以高蛋白质水平组最低,分别比中等蛋白质水平组和低蛋白质水平组降低9.30%和0.92%。屠宰率和平均背膘厚都以高蛋白质水平组最高,分别比中等蛋白质水平组和低蛋白质水平组提高1.04%(P0.05)、2.04%(P0.05)和4.53%(P0.05)、5.70%(P0.05);瘦肉率以低蛋白质水平组最高,分别比高蛋白质水平组和中等蛋白质水平组提高0.55%(P0.05)和3.75%(P0.05)。滴水损失以中等蛋白质水平组最低,分别比高蛋白质水平组和低蛋白质水平组降低45.61%(P0.05)和26.97%(P0.05);剪切力和肌纤维直径都以中等蛋白质水平组最低,分别比高蛋白质水平组和低蛋白质水平组降低14.59%(P0.05)、14.50%(P0.05)和10.38%(P0.05)、0.57%(P0.05);肌内脂肪以中等蛋白质水平组最高,分别比高蛋白质水平组和低蛋白质水平组提高17.95%(P0.05)、32.37%(P0.05)。背最长肌17种氨基酸含量各组间差异不显著;鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例和必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例以低蛋白质水平组最高,分别比高蛋白质水平组和中等蛋白质水平组提高0.48%、2.09%和0.31%、3.84%,组间差异不显著。棕榈酸以中等蛋白质水平组最高,分别比高蛋白质水平组和低蛋白质水平组提高6.08%(P0.05)、7.15%(P0.05);硬脂酸和亚油酸以高蛋白质水平组最高,分别比中等蛋白质水平组和低蛋白质水平组提高1.78%(P0.05)、7.74%(P0.05)和32.97%(P0.05)、11.67%(P0.05);油酸以低蛋白质水平组最高,分别比高蛋白质水平组和中等蛋白质水平组提高4.82%(P0.05)和1.44%(P0.05)。

In the study,80 healthy piglets of weight 35 kg,born in the spring of 2013,were selected,randomly divided into three groups.Group 1(n=26),Group 2(n=26) and Group 3(n=28) were feed diets with high,middle and low crude protein levels,respectively.The results indicated that diets with different crude protein levels significantly affected the average daily gain(ADG) of fattening period(60~100 kg) as well as the whole experimental period(35~100 kg). Specifically,the ADG was highest in pigs fed diet with high crude protein levels had,and compared with middle and low levels,their average daily gain were improved 14.36%(P 0.05),9.87%(P 0.05) respectively.Feed/gain ratio was highest for the high crude protein level,and compared with middle and low levels,it decreased 9.30% and 0.92%,respectively.Diets with different crude protein levels did not significantly influence the carcass performance.Specifically,slaughter rate and average backfat thickness were highest in pigs fed diet with high crude

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为了研究包被酸化剂对常用仔猪蛋白质原料中可溶性蛋白质含量的影响,试验将仔猪常用蛋白质原料分别与0.5%的不同酸化剂(普通磷酸、包被磷酸、普通乳酸、包被乳酸)均匀混合,放置不同时间,采用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质原料中可溶性蛋白质含量。结果表明:酸化剂会降低仔猪蛋白质原料中可溶性蛋白质含量,而包被酸化剂的稳定性较高,可减少混合过程中对蛋白质原料的不利影响。

This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of coatied acidifiers on soluble protein content of protein materials.In this trial,the protein material were uniformly mixed with 0.5%different acidifiers and were placed for different period,and the water soluble protein content of protein material were detected.The results showed that:acidifiers could re-duce soluble protein content of protein material,coating process could improve the stability of the acidifiers and reduce the adverse effects on the protein material in the mixing process.

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寻找结核性胸膜炎特异性体液蛋白质标志物,以开发新型结核性胸膜炎实验诊断方法。方法:应用表面增强激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(SELDI-TOF-MS)技术检测5例结核性胸膜炎患者结核分枝杆菌分离株Middlebrook 7H9液体培养早中期(7 d与14 d)培养滤液及其血清、胸腔积液蛋白质组,并进行描述性比较分析,寻找其共有蛋白质组分。结果:培养滤液蛋白质组蛋白质种类数量远多于胸腔积液和血清蛋白质组,4例患者胸腔积液蛋白质组蛋白质种类数量多于血清蛋白质组;5例患者3类样本蛋白质组中,存在种类数量各不相同的培养滤液-胸腔积液、培养滤液-血清、血清-胸腔积液和培养滤液-胸腔积液-血清共有蛋白质,但在所有患者培养滤液、胸腔积液、血清中均存在相对分子质量为2 660的蛋白质。结论:相对分子质量为2 660的蛋白质具备结核性胸膜炎特异性体液蛋白质标志物的表征,但尚需进一步大样本量研究予以证实。

Objective To find humoral protein markers to develop new experimental diagnostic methods for tuberculous pleurisy. Methods Proteomes of 7 d and 14 d culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growing in Middlebrook 7H9, serum and pleural effusion from five patients with tuberculous pleurisy were detected by surface-enhanced laser desorptionionization time-of-flight massspectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). And the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics method to observed the protein components all owned by three kinds of proteome. Results From protein species, proteins of all culture filtrate were far more than that of pleural effusion and serum while proteins of pleural effusion in four cases were more than that of serum. The kinds of common proteins between culture filtrate and pleural effusion, between culture filtrate and serum, between serum and pleural effusion, among culture filtrate and pleural effusion and serum were different. But the protein of relative molecula

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识别出蛋白质复合物是理解蛋白质相互作用的重要方法。针对蛋白质网络中存在假阴性和假阳性问题,通过随机游走模型,有针对性对假阴性和假阳性数据进行有效筛选,定义HPcomplex图模型来识别具有生物意义的蛋白质复合物;利用GO本体计算蛋白质复合物之间的语义相似性,最终确定蛋白质复合物。实验证明,提出的基于随机游走模型的蛋白质复合物识别算法对输入参数不敏感,算法能够识别出有效的蛋白质复合物。

Protein complex identification is important in understanding the protein-protein in-teraction.This paper solves the problem of false positive and false negative in protein networks. A random walk model is used for effective screening false positive and false negative in the filtered data.With relatively clean protein networks,the definition of HP-complex graph model is given to identify protein complexes with biological meaning and semantic.GO ontology is used between calculated protein complex similarities,and the protein complexes are ultimately determined.Ex-periments show that the proposed algorithm for is insensitive to the input parameters.The algo-rithm can effectively identify protein complex.

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为了探明 F1中蛋白质的含量变化趋势，对35（7×5）个三系杂交粳稻组合的亲本和 F1进行蛋白质含量的测定。结果表明：保持系的蛋白质含量越低，F1蛋白质含量就越低，保持系的蛋白质含量应该控制在7．35％以下；不育系和恢复系的蛋白质含量并不遵循这一规律，而是在7．23％～7．56％时，F1蛋白质含量最低。因此，三系杂交粳稻要想获得低蛋白质 F1，保持系的蛋白质含量应该控制在7．35％以下，不育系和恢复系的蛋白质含量应该控制在7．23％～7．56％。

@@@@In order to determine the change trend of protein content in F1 ,taking 35(7 × 5)parents of three-line j aponica hybrid rice combinations and F1 as experimental materials ,the protein contents of these materials were .The results indicated that :protein content of F1 was low as that of maintainer line was low ,protein con-tent of maintainer line should be controlled under 7 .35% ;while protein content of male sterile line and restorer line didn’t follow this rule ,protein content of F1 was the lowest when that of male sterile line and restorer line were between 7 .23% ~ 7 .56% .So in order to obtain F1 with low protein in three-line japonica hybrid rice breeding ,protein content of maintainer line should be controlled under 7 .35% ,and male sterile line and restorer line should be controlled between 7 .23% ~ 7 .56% .

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硝酸纤维膜法是一种简单、快速、经济的尿液蛋白质保存方法,但其与传统尿液蛋白质丙酮沉淀方法的差异有待进一步研究.相同尿液分别经硝酸纤维膜法和丙酮沉淀法制备尿蛋白质,经液相串联质谱分析鉴定蛋白质,采用谱图数定量,研究两种不同方法的差别.结果显示硝酸纤维膜法和丙酮沉淀法鉴定蛋白质数目几乎相同,鉴定蛋白质在谱图数的分布上几乎相同,鉴定蛋白质在蛋白质变异系数的分布上也几乎相同.因此,硝酸纤维膜法处理尿蛋白质与丙酮沉淀法基本一致,可以应用于大规模临床尿液样本的保存.

Nitrocellulose membrane based urinary protein preservation method is simple,fast and economic,but its advantage over the traditionally used acetone precipitation method is still unclear.In this work,we prepared urinary proteins by the two methods by LC-MS/MS.Then we used protein spectra counts to assess the reproducibility of the two methods.Proteins identified by the two methods were almost the same in number,spectral count distribution and distribution of coefficients of variation value.In conclusion,nitrocellulose membrane method is generally the same as acetone precipitation method.It can be used for large scale preservation of clinical urine samples.