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双语推荐:《诗品》

撇开《二十四诗品》是否为晚唐诗人司空图所作不论,单就《二十四诗品》这一中国古代文学理论批评的重要著作来做一探讨。《二十四诗品》的诗性朦胧蕴含了广阔的阐释空间和可能性。《二十四诗品》的特点之一,便是其交互性的充分显现:《二十四诗品》的文本本身具有交互性,这既表现在每一品的内部,也表现在各品之间;诗歌作品可以用《二十四诗品》做交互性的阐发,主要表现在不同的品可以用来解释同一首诗歌方面;《二十四诗品》是中庸与开放交互性生成的杰构,展现了既定与不定、古典与现代、本土与世界的贯通。
Putting aside whether The Twenty-Four Moods of Poetry was written by the late Tang poet Sikong Tu or not, and let us focus on the important work of Chinese ancient literary criticism alone.The Twenty -Four Moods of Poetry’ s poetic hazy quality contains room for interpretation and a range of possibilities.One of its characteristics is its fully showed interactivity:The Twenty-Four Moods of Poetry’ s text itself is interactive, it is demonstrated both within each mood and the moods between; Poetry can be elucidated interactively using The Twenty-Four Moods of Poetry, that is to say, different moods can be used to interpret the same poem; The Twenty-Four Moods of Poetry is a remarkable work which occurred through an interaction between the golden mean and openness, and it shows integrations between the established and the indefinite, the classical and the modern, the local and the world.

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一直以来,人们习惯将《二十四诗品》(以下简称《诗品》)看成中国古代文论的经典著作,关于《诗品》的研究已经成为一门显学,但其思想主旨和理论体系问题始终存在诸多争议。与其将《诗品》看成二十四种诗歌风格或意境的论述,不如将其看成是一种生态哲学之思的诗性表达。《诗品》所表达的生态哲学观可从三方面归纳:钟爱自然之"天人合一"自然观;生生不息、循环往复之整体自然观;少私寡欲、清新淡泊之生态人生观。《诗品》是中国传统生态哲学思想的集大成者,"天人合一"之生态观是《诗品》贯之首尾的理论体系之枢纽,从生态视角重新审视其思想主旨有助于挖掘其思想价值。
Si Kongtu’s Twenty-four Poetry Styles is a classic of ancient Chinese literary theories. As a prominent subject, the study of the Twenty-four Poems Styles is still at issue over its thoughts and its theoretic system. This article argues that this classic is more a poetic expression of ecological philosophy than a discussion on poetry styles. On this ground, the Ecological Philosophy of Twenty-four Poetry Styles is analyzed in three aspects: the concept of harmonious nature embodied in the enjoyment of nature and the unity of man and nature, the overall view of nature embodied in consideration of all life growing and moving in circles, and the ecological outlook on life embodied in becoming a pure and magnanimous poet. This article is an interpretation of the work as an encyclopedic work of ancient Chinese ecological philosophic thoughts.

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"诗品映衬人品,风格返现人格。"从这个意义上来说,《二十四诗品》绝对不是教我们如何作诗,如何对句,而是陶冶人的性情,求得人格上的提升。其实在二十四种意境之中,在虚拟人物背后,突出表现的是超然的人格理想、淡然的生命意识和自我完善、自然实现的精神。这对今人在修身养性方面有着极大的启示作用。
"Taste of poetry reflects taste of life and style shows personality in the opposite way." In this sense, "Twenty-four Poems" do absolutely not mean to teach how to write poems and how to cultivate the couplet but to develop human nature to promote personality. It is the aloof personality, light life consciousness, self perfection and the acceptance of natural realization that are prominently revealed in the twenty-four kinds of mood behind the virtual figures. Those spirits have got considerable inspiration for the modern people in self-cultivation.

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钟嵘《诗品》以"滋味"论诗,使中国诗学有了新的审美范畴。审视钟嵘《诗品》品评的五言诗及其反映的生活,会发现"滋味"不是抽象概念,而是充满审美张力的审美范型。"怨"与"清",既是五言诗内容的客观存在,又是五言诗的独特"滋味",也是钟嵘评诗的审美标准和审美范型。"怨"与"清"是魏晋时代社会心理和审美心理的反映,"怨"是诗歌创作的外在感召,"清"是诗歌创作的审美追求。"水"意象往往是内心之"怨"的象征,是对"清"境界的审美追求,并成为魏晋诗人纾解时代"哀怨"的手段和途径。
Flavor criterion, which expressed in Zhong rong’ s Shi pin , Open up the Chinese poetics a new aesthetic category , Taste is not an abstract concept,but each one is full of aesthetic paradigm of aesthetic tension .Yuan and Qing,is not only the ob-jective existence of Wuyanshi content, it is also Wuyanshi unique taste, and Zhong rong’ s review of the poetry of aesthetic stand-ards and aesthetic paradigm, Yuan and Qing, which meaning A Slow and Lofty, is a reflection of social psychology and aesthetic psychology in Wei-jin era, Yuan is the external inspire in poetry writing, Qing is the aesthetic pursuit of poetry writing, Water is often the symbol of the heart hatred, in a solitary way, the aesthetic pursuit of the Qing state become the methods and ways of Wei -jin dynasty poets to relive time piteous .

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《诗品》中共论及四位女性作家,分别置于上、中、下三品之中,形成了一个既相互独立又互相联系的微系统。这当中包含的品评标准很多,而以悲为美是一重要因素。这也体现了魏晋以来形成的美学思潮。
ShiPin mentions four female writers and they are divided into three different levels of grades. They constitute a kind of Microsystems, and in these systems they have commons as well as differences to each other. They are many kinds of evaluation standard of grade, but sadness is beauty is the most essential one in it. Yet can also reflect the ideological trend of aesthetic forming from Weijin dynasty.

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《诗品》是我国第一部评诗专著,钟嵘认为诗和文在性质上是不同的,强调诗吟咏性情的抒情功能。对于五言诗歌中的用事,钟嵘并非全然否定,而是针对齐梁时用事不当如同书抄的不良诗风,反对堆砌典故、好用新事,并提出“直寻”之法以矫其弊,以自然为最高美学原则。
Grades of Poetry was the first book of poetry review .Zhong Rong thinks that poetry and prose are different in nature and stresses that poetry expresses one''s emotion .He is not entirely op-posed to using allusions in five characters poetry ,but against inappropriate use of too many new allu-sions in Qi and Liang Dynasties .Zhong Rong regards nature as the highest aesthetic principle and u-ses a direct searching method to overcome its shortcomings .

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依据新批评的审美视角,运用谢赫的绘画"六法",观照元代画家倪瓒与民国瓷绘家汪野亭的山水画作,从"经营位置"与"气韵生动"两个方面,比较倪、汪二人的山水画作,借引《二十四诗品》的"飘逸","疏野"两种美学风格加以总结,比较二人的绘画风格,发现山水画的真美。
Ni Zan is an artist in Yuan Dynasty while Wang Yeting is a porcelain painter in the period of the Public of China. From the perspective of New Criticism, this paper observes the landscape paintings by Ni Zan and Wang Yeting through the Six Painting Method by Xie He. In order to find out the true aesthetics of Chinese landscape painting, the two painters’ drawings are compared from the angle of “detached” and “quiet”, two terms borrowed fromER Shi Si Shiping.

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中国古代田园诗一般认为肇始于东晋的陶渊明,陶氏同时作为"田园诗的开创者"和"古今隐逸诗人之宗"(钟嵘《诗品》语),实则继承了先秦《诗经》中以《豳风·七月》为代表的侧重农事题材和以《卫风·考》、《陈风·衡门》为代表的表现隐逸思想的两大诗歌系统。陶氏之后的田园诗如唐代王维、孟浩然、储光羲等人的作品却偏重于隐逸。
Chinese ancient pastoral poems began from Tao Yuan-ming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, at the same time as the"pioneer"and"idyllic ancient recluse poet", he inherited the farming theme and the performance of the two poems in seclusion thought system. The pastoral poetry after Tao such as the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei, Meng Hao-ran, Chu Guang-xi et al. work focused on the hermit.

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《二十四诗品·豪放》以深广的中国传统思想和文学实践为基础,对广泛表现于古代文学作品中的豪放风格做了很好的理论总结和升华。《豪放》总结豪放风格的特征有四:开放不羁的心胸,充盈浩荡的元气真力,由真实本性而来的"豪"乃至"狂",瑰丽奇伟的"万象"。《豪放》既准确概括出了"豪放"的一般性风格特征,又与李白及其诗作关系尤密。《豪放》作者的理论融铸之功力和理论建构之贡献,令人赞佩。
Based on deep traditional Chinese thoughts and literary practice,the Twenty-Four Poetry,Boldness makes a good theoretical summary and sublimation of boldness widely expressed in the ancient literary works.In the book,this style has four characteristics:open and unruly mind,mighty vitality of life,boldness and even craziness coming from the true nature,and magnificent things of nature.These features are typical of the style of boldness,and are closely connected with Li Bai and his po-etry,from which we can see the author′s remarkable ability and contribution in theoretical generalization and construction.

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阮籍《咏怀诗》旨意幽微,南朝时即有颜延年和沈约为之作注。稍后钟嵘在《诗品》中就对颜延年注解进行了评价和揣测,但对沈约注却只字不提。颜、沈二注目前仅少数几条保存在李善注《文选》内。笔者以此为据,发现钟嵘批评颜延年是因后者只谈名物训诂不谈美刺教化,严重背离了《毛诗》的注释传统,而这又体现了钟嵘诗学观中对传统继承的一面;不提沈约注,是因为沈注流传极少,他并没有见到。
The Poems of Heart by Ruan Ji are not easy to know .In the Southern Dynasties ,Yan Yannian and Shen Yue made notes on them .Then Yan Yannian’s comments were criticized by Zhong Rong in his Shi Pin .However ,Shen Yue’s were not mentioned at all .The notes of them are only several items in Li Shan’s notes on Wenxuan .On the base of them ,I find out that Zhong Rong’ criticize is out of that Yan Yannian’s notes went against the traditional way of Mao’s notes on Shijing which not only explain the rare words but also pointed out the educative meaning .And that reflects Zhong Rong’s inheriting of traditional .While Zhong Rong did not mention Shen Yue’s notes ,because he didn’t get it as Shen Yue’s notes were rare-ly spread .

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