"乡——乡流动者"数量较大,但一直游离在理论研究和政策的视线之外,"乡——乡流动者"存在的问题主要有收入较低、家庭矛盾多、资金来源有限、社会保障缺失、孩子入学困难、融入当地较难和迁移困难等。要促进"乡——乡流动者"的迁移,需要政府的宣传、政策措施的倾斜和税收贷款政策的惠顾。

It had been found that the number of the floating population of village to village''is lar-ger,but has been free of the view of the theory and policy on the basis of concept definition and num-ber estimate.They have more problems,such as lower income,family conflicts,limited sources of funds,lack of social security,child admission difficult,integration into the local and migration diffi-culties.It need the government''s propaganda,the tilt of policy measures and tax loan policy to patron-ize to promote''the floating population of village to village''to migration.

新疆省政府经费缺乏,不仅原拟新建的乡(镇)、保办公房屋没有建设,而且连每月拨付给各乡(镇)公所的经费后来也停拨。副乡(镇)长的薪俸及保办公处经费名曰由各地自筹,实际多数县份根本无力解决。所有乡(镇)、保经费全都转嫁到农民头上。

In the period of Republic of China the fund was in a seriously short state. The planned buildings of township offices could not be built and even the monthly allocated outlay to the township governments was stopped later. The salaries of the deputy leaders and other office workers of the township had to be self-raised by every town, actually, the majority of which were passed on to farmers.

根据汨罗市1967—2013年雷暴日统计资料、雷电灾害统计及湖南省闪电定位系统资料，应用google mapper和google earth等软件对相关数据进行处理，并结合汨罗市人口密度特征，选取雷击密度、雷电流幅值、生命易损模数作为汨罗市雷电灾害风险生命易损性评估指标，建立雷电灾害风险生命易损度评估模型，采用4级分区法对上述雷电灾害风险生命易损性评估指标进行分级。将汨罗市29个乡镇按照3个雷电灾害生命易损性评估指标的所属等级获取相应等级值，作为雷电灾害生命易损性评估的评价指数。最后根据适当的权重对评价指数归一化处理，形成汨罗市雷电灾害风险生命易损度区划图。结果表明，高家坊镇、沙溪镇、白塘乡、范家园镇、磊石乡、八景乡为低易损区域，新市镇、白水镇、川山坪镇、黄柏镇、红花乡、李家塅镇、天井乡、智峰乡、古仑乡为极高易损区，长乐镇、大荆镇、城郊乡、黄市乡、新塘乡为高易损区，其余乡镇为中易损区。

Statistics of thunderstorm days, thunderstorm disaster statistics of Miluo City (1967—2013) and lightning strike positioning of Hunan Province were processed by using google mapper and google earth, moreover, population density of Miluo City, thunderstrike den-sity, lightning current value, life vulner-ability modulus were taken as the index-es for the life vulnerability evaluation of thunderstorm disaster in the city. Then thunderstorm disaster life vulnerability evaluation model was established, 4-grade zoning was adopted to grade life vulnerability indexes. Twenty-nine towns have their own scores according to the 3 grades of thunderstorm disaster life vul-nerability indexes, and the scores are taken as the evaluation indexes of thun-derstorm disaster life vulnerability. Final-ly, the evaluation indexes were normal-ized according to appropriate weights to form the thunderstorm disaster life vul-nerability zoning of Miluo City. The re-sults showed that Gaojiafang Town, Shax

规范性文件界定的乡镇政府在村委会选举中的应然地位，在现实中没有得到应有的体现，乡、镇政府在村委会选举中处于“失位”的状态。本文指出乡、镇政府在村委会选举中的应然与实然地位的差距，提出有助于发挥乡、镇政府在村委会选举中的作用的建议。

The township-government’s “Ought to” role, which is defined by the normative documents, is not embodied, but in “lost” state in the election of villagers committee. This paper hereby points out that, there exist some differences between the practical status and the “Ought to” status of the township-government in the election, and puts forward some suggestions to exert the role of the township-government.

主体功能区划是协调我国当前经济快速发展与资源保护问题的有效途径之一,有助于形成我国区域均衡有序发展的空间格局。论文以冀东山地丘陵区典型县域卢龙县为研究对象,从生态环境重要性、社会经济承载力、土地利用承载力3个方面建立指标体系。运用主成分分析与模糊聚类相结合的方法进行主体功能分区。优化开发区为卢龙镇、石门镇,面积为20122.26 hm~2重点开发区为刘田各庄镇,面积为11094.93 hm~2;限制开发区为下寨乡、双望镇、木井乡、蛤泊乡、潘庄镇、印庄乡,面积为40006.11 hm~2;禁止开发区为刘家营乡、燕河营镇、陈官屯乡,面积为24359.25 hm~2,分区结果科学、合理,符合实际情况。主成分分析与c-均值聚类相结合拓宽了划分主体功能区的方法,对落实主体功能区划具有重要价值和创新意义。

Major function oriented zoning (MFOZ) is one of the effective ways to coordinate current rapid economic development and resources and environmental protection, and is the guideline for optimizing the spatial pattern of regional development .Taking Lulong County in Jidong mountainous and hilly region as an example , this paper buit index system from importance of eco-environment , support of social economy and Land use strength. This paper classified MFOZ using the method of principal components analysis and fuzzy clustering means. Optimization development zone is Lulong, Shimen, which has the area of 20122 ha; important development zone is Litiangezhuang,which has an area of 11094.93 ha;lmit development zone is Xazai, Shuangwang, Mujing, Habo, Panzhuang, Yinzhuang, which has an area of 40006.11 ha;development-prohibited zone is Liujiaying, Yanheying, Chenguantun, which has the area of 24359.25 ha. Evaluation results show that the method is scientific, proper and accords with