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双语推荐：冷剂

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混合冷剂压缩机是整个工艺流程的关键设备，压缩机能否正常达到工况直接决定产品的品质及运行的能耗。针对低浓度含氧煤层气深冷液化混合冷剂制冷单元能安全有效的提供冷源，本文着重介绍离心压缩机组工作原理、工艺流程、控制系统配置及组成，并对机组的定气量／气压、防喘振控制方案及控制难点进行详细阐述。
Mixed refrigerant compressor was the key equipment in the whole process , whether the compressor can achieve energy consumption condition directly determined the quality and operation of a product.For the low concentration of oxygen coal seam gas cryogenic liquefaction mixed refrigerant refrigeration unit can safely and effectively provide cold source.Based on the centrifugal compressor working principle , process flow , the unit control system configuration and composition , and the unit of volume , pressure , anti surge control scheme and control difficulties were reviewed in detail.

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对于采用混合冷剂制冷的液化天然气(LNG)装置,当环境温度变化时通过装置运行的优化操作,可以有效起到节能的效果。文中将设备变工况运行的模拟计算与基于HYSYS软件的工艺计算相结合,建立了单混合制冷剂循环(SMR)天然气液化装置的运行优化模型。优化运算的目标函数为运行能耗最低,寻优变量包括冷剂的摩尔流量和组分,采用Box算法进行求解。针对典型算例进行了环境温度变化时SMR装置的运行优化研究。优化结果表明:当环境温度降低时,运行优化可以有效降低SMR装置的能耗,但仍高于设计优化的结果。给出了运行优化后的工艺参数和冷剂组分,并与设计优化的结果进行了比较,一般运行优化所得冷剂摩尔流量较大,但是冷剂组分更轻。
The optimization operation of Single Mixed Refrigerant (SMR)plant can increase its energy consumption under changed ambient temperature.An operation optimization model of SMR plant was developed by combination of devices calculations using fitting method and process simulation using HYSYS software.The optimized variables are the molar flow and the composition of MR (Mixed Refrigerant)and the object function is to minimize the energy consumption.The Box method was used to solve the optimization problem.The operation optimization was carried out for a typical SMR process under variable ambient temperature.The results show that the operation optimization can reduce the energy consumption though the energy consumption for operation optimization is still higher than that for design optimization.The optimized process parameters and MR composition were given and compared with that for design optimization.The mole flow of MR is larger than that for design optimization while lighter MR should b

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乙烯深冷分离过程需要冷剂为分离过程提供不同等级的冷量,可以把乙烯深冷分离过程作为一个冷阱;LNG气化过程中,需要加热,可以作为冷源。考虑到冷阱冷源的相互匹配,提出通过将LNG经过轻烃分离,为乙烯深冷分离提供冷量,降低了制冷公用工程消耗,同时LNG气化装置降低了加热公用工程消耗,且LNG分离出的轻烃直接供给乙烯装置作为裂解原料使用,优化乙烯装置裂解原料。以300万吨/年的LNG装置和64万吨/年的乙烯装置为例进行模拟计算得到,LNG轻烃分离装置可为乙烯冷分提供冷量41464 k W,降低乙烯冷分三元冷剂消耗75%,为乙烯装置提供优质裂解原料约65万吨/年。
Different level of cold energy is needed in the cryogenic separation process of an ethylene plant, so the ethylene separation process can be treated as a cold sink. Heat is needed in a LNG gasification process which can be treated as a cold source. This work combines the ethylene cryogenic separation process with the LNG gasification process, so that the cold utility demand in the ethylene cryogenic separation and the heat utility demand in the LNG gasification process are both reduced. The light hydrocarbons which get from LNG separation process can be a perfect cracking feed for the ethylene plant. A plant with a 3000000 t·a?1 LNG process and a 640000 t·a?1 ethylene process is used as a case study. The simulation results show that LNG plant can provide 41464 kW cold utility for the ethylene plant, reducing 75% refrigerant consumption of the ethylene plant. It also provides 650000 t·a?1 high quality cracking feed for the ethylene plant.

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在天然气液化装置中，冷箱处于高压低温的环境中是液化工艺装置中最易出现冰堵的设备，冰堵的成因可能是水分、二氧化碳或者重烃等含量过高，在低温下凝结堵塞冷箱的流通通道…。无论是冷箱高压冷剂出口J—T阀冰堵或是冷箱天然气流道冰堵或是冷箱冷剂通道冰堵都将严重制约液化装置的继续运行，所以在天然气液化装置中对水、二氧化碳以及重烃的含量要求非常严格。本文将对一次天然气流道冰堵的问题进行现象阐述和原因分析。
In natural gas liquefaction plant, cold box in a low-temperature environment was liquefied process of ice wall and most commonly in the equipment. The cause of the ice wall may be moisture, and carbon dioxide or heavy hydro-carbon content was too high, the condensate blocking circulation channel of cold box at lower temperature. Neither cold box high pressure refrigerant outlet J-T valve ice or cold box wall gas flow ice or cold box wall cooling channel wall would seriously restrain liquefying device continues to run, so in the natural gas liquefaction plant water, carbon dioxide, and the content of heavy hydrocarbon requirements was very strict. The ice phenomenon of blocking problem of gas flow was reviewed and the causes were analyzed.

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针对湿式空冷器喷淋水系统的工艺条件及特点,通过腐蚀试验及动态模拟试验,筛选出具有优良性能的缓蚀阻垢剂。结合现场的实际情况,把补水由河水改为软化水,投加软水专用的缓蚀阻垢剂,配合使用杀菌灭藻剂,经过1 a的应用表明,方案彻底解决了湿式空冷器易结垢的问题,可确保空冷器长周期安全稳定运行。
According to the technological conditions and characteristics of the spraying system of the wet air cooler in steel plants,corrosion and scale inhibitors with excellent capabilities have been selected,through scale and corro-sion tests and dynamic simulation experiments. Based on the actual situation of the worksite ,the project has thor-oughly solved the scaling problem of the wet air cooler after one-year application,by changing the make-up water from river water to soft water,adding specified corrosion and scale inhibitors,and using biocide synergistically. It can be assured that the air cooler can work chronically,steadily,and safely.

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初步研究了农药悬浮剂冷、热贮不同时间后的粒子大小、粒度分布、黏度及悬浮率的变化规律.试验结果表明,30%甲硫·戊唑醇悬浮剂和40%戊唑·多菌灵悬浮剂热贮后中位径均变化不大,粒子的跨距、黏度均呈增大趋势,而悬浮率均呈显著降低趋势;冷贮对粒子大小、粒径分布及黏度的影响均不大,悬浮率均呈降低趋势,但并不明显.初步认为,经冷、热贮后农药悬浮剂物理稳定性影响因子有相似的变化规律.
The change rules of particle sizes, particle size distributions, viscosities and suspensibilities of SC were studied preliminarily at different times after cold and thermal storage. The test results showed that the median-particle-sizes of thiophanate-methyl+tebuconazole 30%SC and tebuconazole+carbendazim 40%SC had little changes after thermal storage, the particle spans and viscosities had increase trends, but the suspensibilities decreased signally. The particle sizes, particle size distributions, and viscosities of the two SC after cold storage showed little changes, the suspensibilities showed decrease trends, but unobviously. The physical stability impact factors of SC after cold and thermal storage had similar change rules.

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在催化裂化工业中,将部分温度较低的待生剂与高温再生剂作为两股进料引入提升管可实现增加剂油比、提高目标产品收率的目标。今在一套大型冷模实验装置上,采用热颗粒示踪技术考察了一种能够实现冷、热两股催化剂混合的FCC提升管预提升结构内冷、热颗粒的混合特性;采用混合指数来量化冷、热颗粒在预提升段内的混合行为;并分析了操作条件对冷、热颗粒混合的影响。研究结果表明,在预提升底部,温度分布明显不均,混合指数偏小,随着提升管预提升轴向高度的提高,温度分布逐渐趋于均匀,混合指数也变大,说明冷热颗粒混合得越好;而中心管表观气速较低时,混合指数相对较大,冷、热颗粒混合较好;当冷颗粒与热颗粒循环强度比例接近3:2时,冷、热颗粒混合较为理想。
The mixing of cold and hot particles in a pre-lifting scheme with two strands of catalyst inlets for FCC riser was investigated in a large cold Plexiglas model. The distribution of local temperature in the pre-lifting zone was measured using a thermal tracer technique. A mixing index was used to quantify the mixing performance. Moreover, the variation of the mixing index with the operating conditions was also obtained. The experimental results show that the local temperature is not homogeneous and the mixing index is small in the cross sections near the hot particle inlet. However, the local temperature becomes uniform and the values of the mixing index are large in the high cross sections. The mixing index is relatively larger under lower velocity of the central tube,which indicates that the mixing of cold-hot solids is better in those locations. The mixing of the cold and hot solids becomes desirable when the mass flux ratio is 3:2.

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湿强剂PAE是常用的浆内化学品,本文在松香类、苯丙类和AKD类表面施胶剂中添加湿强剂进行了施胶实验,并将表面施胶样品进行冷存处理。结果表明,添加少量湿强剂可明显降低施胶样品Cobb吸水值,施胶样品冷存后,吸水值也会降低。但添加湿强剂对提高强度效果不明显。松香类、苯丙类和AKD类相比,无论强度还是抗水性,松香类表胶与湿强剂协同性更好。
@@@@Wet strengthening agent PAE is a common additive in pulp suspension. Several surface sizing agents of rosin, styrene-acrylic ester, and AKD with addition of wet strengthening agent were tested, and the sample with surface sizing was treated in cold storage. The experimental results show that small amount of PAE addition can lower the water absorption, expressing the better water resistance at low temperature storage condition, while the strength is not improved with the addition of PAE. Rosin base surface sizing agent and styrene-acrylic base surface sizing agent performed better synergy effect with wet strengthening agent compared to AKD base, no matter in strength or water resistance properties.

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本文探讨了蜡油加氢装置高压空冷器管路系统的腐蚀和结垢机理,并对JYH-3000多硫化物缓蚀剂在天津石化蜡油加氢装置的工业应用情况进行介绍。应用结果表明,JYH-3000多硫化物型缓蚀剂对抑制硫化物、氰化物等对空冷器的腐蚀具有良好的缓蚀效果,从而提高了空冷器使用效率,保障了装置的稳定运转。
This thesis discusses the corrosion and scaling mechanism in the pipeline system of high pressure air coolers in wax oil hydrogenation plant and gives an introduction to the industrial application situation of JYH-3000 type polysulfide inhibitor in wax oil hydrogenation plant of Tianjin Petro-chemical Company. Result shows that JYH-3000 type polysulfide inhibitor possesses favorable effect to prohibit sulfide and cyanide corroding to air coolers and in this way it increases the working efficiency of air coolers and guarantees the plant’s stable running.

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PRICOOR是美国博莱克威奇（Black & Veatch）拥有的专利天然气液化工艺。目前在中国，和康泰斯公司合作建设的有21套装置，其中13套已经顺利投产。PRICOOR液化工艺适合多种组分的进料气；冷剂回路是封闭可调节式系统，单级混合冷剂具有成熟可靠、简单高效和易于操作等特点。冷箱和冷剂压缩机是该项技术的核心设备，可保证装置运行的长期稳定性。介绍了LNG工厂的一些主要操作情况，分析了现场遇到的实际问题，提出了操作控制的建议，为LNG新建工厂及PRICOOR厂在技术和操作方面提供指导。
PRICO OR is a natural gas liquefaction technology patented by Black & Veatch ,21 sets of LNG factories using PRICO OR technology have been built in cooperation with Chemtex Company in China ,13 of w hich have been successfully put into operation .PRICO OR liquefaction technology is an open process which is suitable for feed gas with multiple components .The refrigerant loop is a closed adjustable system with single grade mixed refrigerant ,it was proved to be mature and reliable ,simple and efficient as well as easy to operate .Cold box and refrigerant compressor are core equipment of the technology ,which ensure long‐term stable operation .Key operations were introduced in the paper , problems encountered in field were investigated , and operation recommendations were provided , which could provide technical and operational guidance for newly built LNG factory and PRICO OR fac‐tories .

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