在设计英文标语的过程中，将古都文化融入其中，不仅能够展现古都风采，更加能够推动青奥会的顺利进行。该文将就青奥会的意义以及南京的发展研究出青奥会英文标语中的古都文化展现。

In the process of designing slogans, integrating the culture of ancient-capital into the slogan can not only show the an?cient-capital’s presence but also promote the YOG run smoothly. This passage will study the culture of ancient-capital in YOG’s English slogans in the meaning of YOG and the development of Nanjing.

运用古都城市旅游竞争力分析模型，将古都洛阳与西安在城市旅游竞争力各方面的要素与指标进行评价。结果表明，与西安相比，洛阳旅游竞争力的优势不突出，洛阳应该围绕城市旅游竞争力的核心内涵来确定古都旅游发展的战略定位并完善旅游体制创新。在保持古都特色同时，深入挖掘几千年来形成的悠久历史文化底蕴；另外要加大对外宣传力度，通过“千年帝都”的品牌打造，提高洛阳在国际旅游市场上的知名度。

The factors and indexes of tourism competitiveness in Luoyang and Xi ’ an were evaluated with the analy-sis model of ancient capital tourism competitiveness .The result showed that Luoyang ’ s tourism competitiveness advan-tages were less prominent when comparing to Xi ’ an’ s.Luoyang should determine the strategic positioning of ancient capital tourism development and improve tourism system according to the core connotation of city ''s tourism competitive-ness.On the base of keeping ancient features , Luoyang should make good use of history and culture endlessly which are formed from long time ago .At the same time, Luoyang should amplify the intensity of promotion .To some extent, Luoyang should increase its popularity in the international tourism marketing through building the brand of “millennium capital city”.

地理景观对城市的起源和发展是重要的,山脉河流先于城市存在,城市依托河流发展。几乎世界上所有的历史古城发展都与河流密切相关。南京是长江下游重要的城市,历史上是十朝古都,城市的起源和发展与山脉水系的自然变迁密切相关,因此研究南京城市与地理景观格局变迁的关系有着重要意义。要保护古都赖以生存的山脉河流脉络系统,这是形成古都特色的基础。要以山脉和河流系统为网络基础,确定历史城市与自然融合的景观空间格局。

Geographical landscape is very significant to the origin and development of a city. Hil s and rivers exist before cities come into being and cities develop on the basis of rivers. Development of almost all historical cities in the world is closely related to rivers. Nanjing is an important city in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In history, it once served as the capital of ten ancient dynasties. Origin and development of a city is closely linked to the natural change of hil s and rivers, thus it is of great meaning to research on the relationship between the city and geographical landscape change of Nanjing. The hil and river systems depended by the ancient capital shal be protected because these are the basis of the characteristics of the city. The hil and river system shal be taken as the basis of the network in determining the landscape and spatial structure integrated by the historical city and the nature.

大同旅游资源丰富,多为历史文化价值极高的佛教旅游资源。针对当前大同存在城市形象模糊、旅游品牌不鲜明等问题,研究大同佛都旅游文化品牌建设具有重要的现实意义。大同文化特色在北魏辽金,精华在佛教,重点在古都,因此大同可定位于"魏辽佛教文化旅游之都",以云冈石窟为主体,构筑平城文化体系,以古都为载体,打造大同佛都旅游胜境。

Datong is rich in tourist resources, many of which are Buddhist tourist resources of high historical and cultural value. For the city''s image is fuzzy and the tourist brand is not distinguishable, there is much practical significance to study Datong“Bud-dhism Capital” tourism cultural brand construction. Based on the definition of Buddhism tourism culture and tourism cultural brand, this is the first time to study Datong “Buddhism Capital” tourism cultural brand construction, for which we will propose the evi-dences, position the image, establish the slogan, and finally put forward the construction strategies. We wish that this research could be referred by Datong tourism planning.

开封是北宋首都,我国六大古都之一。以学院门社区为对象,分析2000—2010年十年间的变化情况。并对103间住居做了田野调查,对住宅地的形状,规模,住居的类型及其空间的变化进行分析。

This paper discusses house types and their transformation of Kaifeng city in Henan(China), which is known as the capital city of Bei Son dynasty. Authors selected the old castle district of the central part of Kaifeng, which is cal ed Xue yuan men she qu at present, as an intensive field study and clarified the typology of dwelling units and the transformation process.