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双语推荐：后坐

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为了优化设计引信后坐保险机构的保险和解除保险性能，应用刚体动力学理论和仿真软件ADAMS、LS-DY-NA分析了引信经典弹性后坐保险机构和刚性后坐保险机构对不同后坐过载作用时间的响应特性，得到了不同后坐过载时间下两类后坐保险机构解除保险时间响应；两类后坐保险机构不同的解除保险时间表明两类保险机构对相同后坐环境响应特性不同；过载作用时间影响保险机构解除保险正确性；在后坐过载系数较大时，弹性保险机构和刚性保险机构均可能解除保险；在后坐过载系数较小时，无论过载作用时间如何变化，刚性保险机构均不能解除保险，而在过载作用时间较长时弹性保险机构会出现解除保险情况；因此，针对不同后坐过载作用时间应注意正确选择引信保险机构的类型。
For optimizing the performance of fuze setback device,rigid body dynamics theory was used to analyze the responses of fuze single freedom elastic setback arming device to different setback overloads, ADMAS and LS-DYNA were used to simulate the responses of fuze elastic setback arming device and rigid setback arming device to different setback overloads.The simulation results of arming time demonstrate that the two types of devices have different responses to same setback environment,and overload time af-fects the correctness of device arming.The two types of arming device can arm possibly when the setback overload factor is big relatively.The rigid arming device can not arm possibly when the setback overload factor is small relatively no matter how the setback overload action time changing,while the elastic setback arming device can arm with long setback overload action time.Therefore the species of fuze setback arming device should be correctly selected specially.

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针对磁流变阻尼器用于火炮后坐缓冲时对响应时间的严苛要求，对磁流变冲击后坐控制系统进行冲击试验研究。对设计的磁流变阻尼器进行固定电流下冲击特性试验，获得输出阻力模型。对阻尼器线圈电流及输出阻力响应时间分别进行试验测试，提出磁流变冲击后坐轨迹跟踪控制系统方案，期望可控阻力能准确跟踪理想阻力曲线。通过用固定曲线无反馈控制及双闭环反馈控制对磁流变后坐控制系统进行3g、4g 药量冲击试验结果比较知，采用反馈控制能显著减小磁流变后坐阻力响应时间，获得快速跟踪性能，后坐阻力充满度更好。后坐位移相同时可减小后坐阻力峰值；后坐阻力峰值相同时可显著减小后坐位移。由4g药量中后坐阻力曲线下滑结果分析知，阻尼力可调系数作为重要特性参数在进行磁流变阻尼器结构设计时必须足够大。
Since the critical demand for time response of MR damper in gun recoil buffering applications, experimental studies on MR recoil control system were carried out on an impact test rig with the special designed MR damper.The impact performance of the MR damper described by a physical model under fixed operating current was obtained.The time responses of the MR damper''s coil current and the damping force were respectively tested,then a trajectory tracking control scheme for MR recoil system was put forward,so that the adjustable damping force of MR can accurately track an ideal reference curve.Experimental results with 3g and 4g powders under the double close-looped feedback control as well as the fixed damping curve control without feedback were obtained.By comparisons,it is shown that the feedback control can efficiently reduce the response time of the damping force and provide more rapid tracking ability.With the same displacement,smaller peak of recoil force is produced,whi

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自动机在射击过程中具有较大的后坐能量,这些后坐能量通过缓冲器进行消耗.为研究缓冲器主要性能参数——刚度、阻尼、预压力的变化对自动机后坐过程的影响以及最大后坐速度与摩擦力的关系,利用运动学仿真分析软件对某自动机缓冲器后坐过程与刚度、阻尼、预压力的关系进行了研究.研究表明,通过提高阻尼系数比降低刚度更能缓和冲击,且不需要延长后坐行程;考虑到共振对缓冲器活塞运动以及筒体形状精度的不利影响,利用有限元模态分析方法对缓冲器动强度与结构的关系进行了研究.分析结果为缓冲器性能参数优化设计提供参考,最终达到降低后坐冲击,提高射击精度和密集度的目的.
Automatic machine has larger recoil energy in the firing process , and these recoil energy is consumed by the buffer.In order to study of the relationship of buffer main performance parameters-stiffness, damping and pre-pressure changes automata recoil process as well as that of the maximum after sitting speed and friction , kine-matics simulation software is applied to an automatic machine buffer .Studies have shown that increasing the damping coefficient is more than effective reducing the stiffness in easing the impact , and it does not need to ex-tend the recoil stroke;taking into account the adverse effects of the resonance the buffer movement of the piston and cylinder shape accuracy , we use the finite element modal analysis method to study the relationship of strength and structure of dynamic buffer .The results of the analysis of buffer optimization design of parameters provide a reference , and ultimately reduce the recoil impact and improve shooting accuracy and intensity .

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针对测定炮口制退器效率的现状,基于对火炮后坐运动中功能关系的理论分析,提出一种名为对比法的测试炮口制退器效率的新方法.对比法是在火炮全装药条件下,分别对安装两种不同炮口制退器的工况进行制退后坐射击试验,通过测量和计算得到后坐阻力-后坐位移曲线,并对其积分得到后坐阻力功;再根据两种工况下后坐阻力功的关系,即可计算出炮口制退器效率.最后,通过火炮射击试验对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:对比法可以准确、快速、经济地测得炮口制退器效率.
In view of the existing methods of muzzle brake efficiency test ,Based on the theoretical analysis of the functional relationship in the movement of the gun recoil a new method named antithese for measuring the muzzle brake efficiency was propsed .According to this method ,recoil fire test was carried out for full charge on gun with two kind of muzzle brake ,the recoil resistance-recoil displacement curve was measured by sen-sors ,the recoil resistance work was obtained by the integral calculation ,the muzzle brake efficiency was ac-quired according to the relation of the recoil resistance work in two different conditions of muzzle brake .And the firing test were used to verify the method .The experimental results show that the antithese can measure the efficiency of muzzle brake accurately ,quickly and economically .

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针对火炮动力后坐试验台波形发生器设计问题,基于ABAQUS建立火炮动力后坐试验台有限元模型;通过橡胶试验,选Arruda-Boyce模型作为波形发生器材料本构模型;以火炮模拟试验与实弹射击时后坐动态特性的平均相对误差为试验指标值,基于正交设计法建立初始样本数据,采用QPSO-LS-SVM算法对波形发生器进行优化设计。该研究将为我军火炮动力后坐试验台的设计研制提供理论参考。
For the design of waveform generator of a gun-power-recoil test machine,a finite element model of the test machine was built based on ABAQUS.According to the results of rubber tests,the Arruda-Boyce model was selected as a material constitution model for the waveform generator.Taking the average relative error of recoil dynamic properties between the results of simulation test and live firing as a design objective,the initial sample data were acquired based on orthogonal design method,and the QPSO-LS-SVM algorithm was applied to optimize the design of waveform generator. The conclusion will provide a theoretical reference to the design of gun-power-recoil test machine.

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电磁轨道发射系统运行时，受到了极其复杂的载荷作用，包括电磁力、电枢及弹丸的摩擦与切削热和高温梯度等产生的应力等，这些力随着电枢发射等量地作用于发射系统基座上。针对大能量电磁轨道发射试验系统的后坐力现象，建立发射系统后坐力研究模型，运用 ANSYS软件仿真计算了各部件的受力状况，得出发射系统后坐力构成及状态，在此基础上建立基于阻尼液孔缩效应耗能和摩擦耗能原理的驻退复进反后坐力计算模型。根据试验要求展开计算，得到设定条件下的电磁轨道发射试验系统反后坐力装置的结构及具体参数，并据此开展研制，实现了新型阻尼反后坐装置，并应用于大能量电磁轨道发射试验系统。
During the launch process of electromagnetic railgun,the launcher is subj ected to the effects of complex loads,and the forces include the electromagnetic force,the friction and cutting heat of armature,the stress caused by high temperature gradient.The forces act on the pedestal of launcher system when the armature is shouted.Aiming at the recoil phenomenon for high-energy electromagnetic rail launch system,the model was established,and the stress-conditions of each component were calculated by ANSYS simulation software.The component and status of the recoil were obtained.Based on the energy dissipation of damping-liquid hole-shrinkage effect and the energy dissipation principle of friction,the calculation model of recoil force was established. According to the test requirements,new recoil mechanism was developed,and it can be applied in high-energy electromagnetic rail launch test system.

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针对火炮动力后坐试验台模拟实弹射击准确度问题,基于ADAMS/ATV软件,以某型自行火炮为对象,建立火炮动力后坐试验台虚拟样机模型;在此基础上获得炮口强冲击条件下火炮后坐位移、速度及加速度仿真曲线;分别求解曲线间距相对误差,结合界标分界法提出基于曲线形状相似度及数值相似度两指标的射击模拟准确度评估方法。通过计算获得试验台模拟准确度为0.8654。评估结果表明,该试验台能较准确模拟火炮实弹射击的后坐动态特性。
Muzzle strong impact is a feasible test method of a gun-power-recoil to simulate gun firing.In order to evaluate firing simulation accuracy of a gun-power-recoil test table,a certain type of self-propelled gun was studied,and the virtual prototype model of the gun-power-recoil test table was built by using the software ADAMS/ATV.Based on the virtual prototype model,recoil displacement,recoil velocity,and recoil acceleration simulation curves under the condition of muzzle strong impact were obtained.Through solving relative errors of distance between curves respectively,combined with the landmark method,an evaluation method was presented with two evaluating indexes including shape similarity and numerical value similarity.Through calculation,it was shown that the firing simulation accuracy of the test table is 0.8654.The evaluation results indicated that the test table can simulate the dynamic characteristics of a gun-power-recoil correctly during gun firing.

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为减小重机枪发射过程中的后坐力,提升武器系统发射稳定性,建立安装有浮动装置的机枪系统发射动力学模型。基于多体动力学理论,以ADAMS软件为平台,建立某通用机枪的虚拟实验,并对其进行动力学仿真,得到机枪射击过程中机框浮动速度和后坐力曲线。结果表明:重机枪采用合适的浮动发射机构能大幅度降低射击后坐力,可为改进重机枪系统射击性能提供参考。
To reduce recoil of heavy machine gun when launching and improve launching stability of weapon system, weapon dynamic model mounted with floating apparatus was built. Established virtual experiment of certain general purpose machine gun based on multi-body dynamic theory, taking ADAMS software as platform, and progress dynamic simulation to obtained machine frame velocity and recoil curve in machine gun launching process. The results are recoil can be reduced significantly with floating apparatus applied to heavy machine gun. Research results can provide guidance for the performance of heavy machine gun improvement.

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主要说明了采用浮动技术降低后坐力的原理,并以大口径机枪为研究对象建立了整个发射过程的动力学模型。通过MATLAB软件编写程序,对整个发射过程进行仿真,仿真结果显示,采用浮动原理可以有效降低后坐力。
The principle of floating technology in reducing recoil force was shown in this paper .A large caliber rifle was taken as research object ,the kinetics model of launch process was set up .The whole emission process was simulated by MATLAB software . The results shown that the floating principle can reduce recoil force of the entire launch process effectively .

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小口径自动机的反后坐装置多采用各种形式的缓冲簧进行缓冲，减小后坐阻力并实现自动机浮动。文中通过理论分析，建立自动机后坐运动方程，在Matlab simulink 环境下建模仿真，分别计算2种不同力学性能缓冲簧的后座运动规律，得出在结构尺寸受限的条件下，环形弹簧与螺旋矩形弹簧相比缓冲性能更优。经实弹射击，试验结果与理论计算结果吻合较好，证明本文采用的研究方法正确，建立的仿真模型可用于工程实际。
In order to reduce recoil,all kinds of spring were applied to small caliber automatic cannon usually. Firstly, detached recoil movement equation was established through theory analysis. At Matlab simulink condition, counter recoil efficiency was calculated about two kinds of spring which has different mechanics characteristic. The calculation result indicated that the annular spring′s counter recoil efficiency was better than the screw rectangle spring. The result of calculated by theory model is correct which could be validated by ball firing experiment. At the same time, different recoil movement rules was be give about two kinds of spring.

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