采用热重分析(TG),差示扫描量热法(DSC),固体原位池/红外和质谱(直接进样和热裂解-色谱-质谱联用方式)研究了偶氮四唑胍(GZT)的热分解行为,凝聚相产物和气相产物的变化,提出了GZT的热分解机理。结果表明,GZT分解失重的第一阶段由偶氮四唑的放热分解反应和胍分解的吸热过程构成。在单独热作用下,GZT首先发生质子转移形成偶氮四唑和胍,然后分别分解。偶氮四唑的四唑环经过开环反应,可能形成中间产物叠氮四唑(CHN7),最终生成三聚氰胺和叠氮铵等高沸点物质。在离子源轰击作用下除了四唑环开环解离外,C—N azo也会发生断裂,进而裂解。

The thermal behavior of guanidinium azotetrazolate( GZT)was studied using the thermogravimetry and differential scan-ning calorimetry. The thermal decomposition mechanism of GZT was proposed based on the investigation of products in con-densed and gas phases by the combination techniques of solid in situ cell with the rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared spectrosco-py and pyrolysis-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry( Py-GC-MS). Results show the first mass loss process of GTZ includes the exothermic decomposition reaction of azotetrazolate and the endothermic decomposition reaction of guanidinium. Under heat-ing,the intermediate product tetrazoleazide( CHN7 )may forme through the ring-opening reaction of tetrazole on the azotetrazo-late molecular and the ultimate products are high boiling point materials:melamine and ammonium azide. Under the bombard-ment of ion source,the bond C-Nazo on azotetrazolate molecular also split and dissociate in sequence.

为了防治黄瓜白粉病，研究以4％四氟醚唑水乳剂（150 g·hm-2、112.5 g·hm-2、75 g·hm-2）进行田间药效试验，对照药剂为40％氟硅唑乳油（75 g·hm-2）。结果表明：4％四氟醚唑水乳剂按150 g·hm-2、112.5 g·hm-2、75 g·hm-2施药后的防效分别为84.59％、76.18％、70.51％，而对照防效为68.27％。因此，4％四氟醚唑水乳剂是防治黄瓜白粉病的理想药剂。

To control cucumber powdery mildew,4% tetraconazole aqueous emulsion (150 g/ha, 112.5 g/ha,75 g/ha)were used in the field efficacy trials,with 40% flusilazole (75g/ha)as control a-gent.The results showed that:the control efficiences of 4% tetraconazole aqueous emulsion at 150 g/ha, 112.5 g/ha and 75 g /ha after spraying were 84.59%,76.18% and 70.51%,respectively.The control effect of 40% flusilazole at 75g/ha was 68.27%.Therefore,4% tetraconazole aqueous emulsion is the best insecticide to control cucumber powdery mildew.

以1，4-二溴苯和1，8-二碘联苯为原料分别与咔唑发生乌尔曼偶联反应制得两种相应的成对偶联分子，用 NBS 作为溴化试剂与这两种分子反应制得新型的多溴代产物：3，3′，6-三溴-1，4-双咔唑基苯、3，3′，6，6′-四溴-1，4-双咔唑基苯和3，3′，6-三溴-1，8-双咔唑基联苯。该溴化物与咔唑在铜催化下发生乌尔曼偶联反应制得3种新颖的树枝状咔唑类衍生物：3，3′，6-三（N-咔唑基）-1，4-双咔唑基苯、3，3′，6，6’-四（N-咔唑基）-1，4-双咔唑基苯、3，3′，6-三（N-咔唑基）-1，8-双咔唑基联苯。通过核磁、质谱分别对所合成的化合物进行了表征。

Three kinds of novel dendritic carbazole derivatives were designed and synthesized via three steps using 1,8-diiodobiphenyl and 1,4-dibromobenzene as starting material.In this process,two pairs of conjugate molecules,which were obtained through Ullmann coupling reaction between phenyldihalide and carbazole,reacted with NBS to generate three multi-brominated intermediates:3,3′,6-tribromo-1, 4-bis-carbazolyl-benzene,3,3′,6,6′-tetrabromo-1,4-bis-carbazolyl-benzene,3,3′,6- tribromo-1,4-bis-carbazolyl-biphenyl.Then,the desired novel dendritic carbazole derivatives including 3,3′,6-Tri(N-car-bazolyl)-1,4-bis-carbazolyl-benzene,3,3′,6,6′-Tetra (N-carbaolyl)-1,4-bis-carbazolybenzene,3,3′,6-Tri(N-carbazolyl)-1,8-bis-carbazolyl-biphenyl were formed through Ullmann coupling again with multi-brominated compounds and carbazole.The intermediates and target products were characterized by 1 H NMR,13 C NMR and MS.

本文通过2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖异硫氰酸酯与2-氨基-5-烷基-1,3,4-噻二唑反应,合成了五种新的N-(5-烷基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-N''-(2'',3'',4'',6''-四-O-乙酰基-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)硫脲类化合物.经元素分析,IR,1H NMR,MS分析证明:产物为b-型.

The reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate(II) with 2-amino-5-alkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles(Ⅲ) gives five new compounds of N-(5-alkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) -N''-(2'',3'',4'',6''-tetra-o-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)thiacarbamides(Ⅳ) whose structures have been characterized by elemental analysis,IR,1H NMR and FAB-MS. Those products are of b-configuration.

目的研究近平滑念珠菌不同时期生物膜对氟康唑的药物敏感性及氟康唑对其生物膜生成的影响。方法甲基四氮盐（XTT）减低法检测不同阶段生物膜对氟康唑的敏感性及生物膜的生成量。结果对氟康唑敏感的近平滑念珠菌在生物膜生成12 h后即对氟康唑耐药。在12、24和48 h时间点,治疗浓度为8μg/mL的氟康唑均可显著抑制氟康唑耐药株生物膜的生成;浓度0.5μg/mL的氟康唑可显著抑制氟康唑敏感株生物膜形成,但要抑制耐药株生物膜的形成则需更高浓度的氟康唑（≥1μg/mL）。结论近平滑念珠菌不同阶段生物膜对氟康唑耐药性不同,氟康唑可显著抑制近平滑念珠菌敏感株和耐药株生物膜的生成。

Objective To explore the sensitivity of Candida parapsilosis cells grown in developing biofilm to fluconazole and the effect of different concentration of fluconazole on Candida parapsilosis biofilm formation .Methods XTT reduction assay was used to evaluate the effect of fluconazole on developing biofilm of Candida parapsilosis and the inhibition of fluconazole on Candida parapsilosis biofilm formation.Results Twelve-hours biofilms of fluconazole-susceptible strains were resistant to fluconazole .At 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h time points, biofilm formation by fluconazole-resistant strains was significantly inhibited when fluconazole ( 8 μg/mL ) was present. Concentration of 0.5 μg/mL of fluconazole could reduce the biofilm formation by fluconazole-susceptible strains, but the concentration of fluconazole was higher (≥1 μg/mL) for fluconazole-resistant strains .Conclusion The sensitivity to fluconazole of Candida parapsilosis cells grown in developing biofilms was different .Fl