本文的研究对象是国际海事公约的用词.本文引用了原版国际海事公约的句子来对其用词进行了较细致的分析,从使用命令语气的情态动词、法律专业词汇、同（近）义词、书面语的用词、古英语词汇和外来语词汇的这六个方面分析其庄重性的用词特征.通过分析有利于我们更好认识其语言现象,从而进一步研究、理解和运用国际海事公约.

This paper is to study and analyze the wording of the international maritime conventions by quoting the sentences from the original international maritime conventions. The analysis focuses on the usage of modal verbs, legal words,synonyms,written words,Old English words and borrowed words. Through the analysis,we could have a better understanding and make a full use of the international maritime conventions.

就《鹿特丹规则》,国内外的评估意见大相径庭。该规则的意义何在,前景如何,中国应持何种态度,是否应加入公约,成为问题的焦点。建议充分肯定公约的立法宗旨,积极评价公约的先进性,审时度势,谨慎处理加入公约的问题;借鉴国际经验,完善国内立法;海运企业加强培训,敢于竞争迎接挑战,抓住机遇发展壮大;"产、学、研"三结合,深入研究海商法的相关问题,积极参与国际立法活动,增强中国的话语权,努力为国际法学的发展做贡献。

Assessment views of Rotterdam Rules are quite different. What is the significance and what are the prospects of the Convention？ What attitude China should hold towards the Convention？ Should China join the Convention？ This article suggests that we should fully affirm the legislative purpose of Rotterdam Rules and give the advantages of the Convention a positive evaluation. As to the question whether China should join the Convention, we should consider the practical situation. Also, we should learn from international experience to improve domestic legislation and strengthen staff training to seize the opportunities and meet the challenges. Further, we should look in depth the issues of maritime law and take a more active role in international legislation activities so as to voice for China and contribute to the development of international law.

21世纪海洋环境成为人类获取能源的主战场，油污损害赔偿纠纷已从一国国内走向国际化。对于油污损害赔偿问题国际社会存在一些立法实践，由于海上石油作业起步晚、溢油率低，对海上平台溢油事件所导致的损害赔偿问题在国际社会尚未引起足够的重视，出现法律适用的困境。通过制定海上平台油污损害赔偿的国际专项实体公约或者将“海上平台”油污损害纳入“船舶”油污损害公约的调整范围，以弥补海上平台油污损害赔偿国际法适用的缺失。为确保国际公约的有效实施，一国内国法对国际公约应给予积极的回应。

The marine environment has become the main battlefield for human access to energy sources in the 2 1 st century.The disputes over oil pollution damages have gone beyond the national boundaries. There are legislative practices in international community concerning oil pollution damages.Because the offshore oil operations started late and oil spill rate remains low,the compensation for damages caused by the oil spill of the offshore platforms in the international community has not been paid enough attention to,thus leading to the plights in applying the law.By developing international special entity convention on oil pollution compensation or by bringing"offshore platform"oil pollution damages into the adj usted scope of the convention on"ship"oil pollution damages,we can make up for the absence of applicable international law concerning the offshore platform oil pollution damages.To ensure the effective implementation of international conventions,the domestic laws should positively resp

根据1944年《国际民航公约》和1982年《联合国海洋法公约》的规定，一国对其领空享有绝对的主权，非经一国同意．别国的航空器不得擅入本国领空。据此，经过长期的国际实践，美国等国家纷纷建立自己的防空识别区，使得在一国领空之外设立防空识别区成为国际习惯。根据以上国际条约和国际习惯，我国设立南海防空识别区合法合理，既有助于保卫我国领空的安全．又有助于解决我国与邻国的领土争端。

According to the provisions of convention on international civil aviation (1944) and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the country has absolute sovereignty over its territorial airspace. Any foreign aircraft airspace is forbidden to enter the territorial airspace of a country unless allowed. Accordingly, after a long period of international practice, the United States and other countries have set up their own air defense identification area. Setting up air defense identification area beside the territorial airspace become an international habits. According to the above international treaty and international habits, setting up the south China sea air defense identification area is legal and reasonable. It is help to protect the security of the China ’s airspace and solve our country’s territorial disputes with its neighbors.

文中在介绍我国目前在海上油污事故赔偿方面的立法状况的基础上,分析了我国目前立法中存在的问题,进而指出中国未来加入《基金公约》的合理性以及从国际公约中借鉴相关标准制定专门的海上油污单行立法的必要性。

This paper, on the base of introduction of the current situation of legislation for damage claim in marine oil pollution incident of China, analyses the problems existed in the existing legislation, indicates the reasonableness for China to accede the IOPC Fund and the necessity to draw up a specific regulation by using the relevant standards in International Conventions as reference.