详细综述了淀粉/聚烯烃共混物增容的多种方法和研究进展,包括偶联剂增容、相容剂增容(反应型和非反应型增容剂).介绍了多种增容方法的研究进展,最后提出了改善淀粉/聚烯烃共混物增容性的几点设想.

Polyolefins are widely used for packaging or agriculture items as they are easily produced, convenient, cheap, and long lasting in some properties. But they bring the growing problem of pollution for their resistance to biodegradation. However, the potential biodegradability of current starch polyolefin blends is not satisfying. So we must increase the content of starch in the blends. The compatibility between starch and polyolefin may be improved by coupling agent, compatibilizer (reactive or unreactive) and plasticizer. This paper introduces some progresses in the improving compatibility between starch and polyolefin, and proposes several methods to realize this aim.

分别采用2种组成相近而分子量不同的苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)以及两者的混合物对高密度聚乙烯/间规聚苯乙烯(HDPE/s PS)共混物进行增容改性。通过扫描电镜(SEM)及拉伸实验试验考查了增容剂的分子量及含量对HDPE/s PS共混物形态结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:两种增容剂都能降低s PS分散相尺寸,使两相界面的粘合力增强。相对较低分子量的SEBS(K1652)能显著提高两相界面粘结性,进而能有效提高共混物的拉伸强度,而较高分子量的SEBS(K1651)能显著改善共混物的韧性。一定比例混合的共聚物作为增容剂在改善共混物性能方面具有协同效应,可以同时提高共混物拉伸强和断裂伸长率,混合增容剂效果优于单一增容剂。HDPE/s PS共混物中加入质量分数4%的K1652和2%的K1651,共混物的综合力学性能最优。

Two triblock copolymers of poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) with different molecular weights and their mixture were respectively used to compatibilize high density polyethylene/syndiotactic polystyrene(HDPE/sPS)blends. Effects of the molecular weight and compatibilizer content on morphology and mechanical properties of HDPE/sPS blends were investigated by SEM and tensile test. The results show the phase size of the dispersed sPS particles can be significantly reduced by addition of two copolymers,and the interfacial adhesion between the two phases can be dramatically enhanced, too. Lower molecular weight SEBS (K1652) can dramatically improve the interfacial adhesion, leading to a significant improvement in tensile strength, while higher molecular weight SEBS (K1651) is efficient in increasing the elongation at break of the blends. Using certain proportion mixture of two copolymers as compatibilizer is better than that using a single one, which has a syn

将木质素作为一种有机颗粒填料添加到热塑性塑料中,可解决造纸黑液资源化利用、石油原料日渐紧张以及环境污染加剧等严峻问题。而木质素与热塑性塑料之间相容性直接影响木质素在塑料工业中的应用与发展。首先简要概述了木质素结构与性质和木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料的性能分析,然后系统地阐述国内外研究木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容方法及其原理;增容方法按添加相容剂、改性木质素和改性塑料进行归类,并对3种增容方法进行比较分析;接着综述了木质素复合材料中增容方法的交叉复合使用;最后对未来木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究方向以及思路进行了展望。

Lignin is mixed into thermoplast as organic particulate filler, which resolves the tough problems of resource utilization of black liquor from paper industry, growing tension of petroleum feedstock and increasing environmental pollution. The compatibility between lignin and thermoplast is directly related to application and development of lignin in the plastics industry. This paper begins with an overview of the structure and properties of lignin and performance analysis of lignin/thermoplastic composites, and then elaborates the methods and principles of interfacial compatibilization between lignin and thermoplast. The methods of compatibilization are divided into adding compatibilizer, modifying lignin and modifying thermoplastics, and the three methods are compared and analyzed. The methods of adding compatibilizer and modifying thermoplastics are more commonly used than the modifying lignin for interfacial compatibilizing of the composites. Esterified lignin has better compatibiliz

以PPE／PA6共混物为基体，进行性能与结构的表征，对比了不同PPE／PA6比例的共混物性能以及添加增容改性树脂、增韧剂的使用效果。结果表明，增容改性树脂可使得PPE树脂粒子变得均匀，在提高共混材料的韧性的同时，改善了材料的拉伸性能；而弹性体虽可以提高PPE与PA6的共混物的冲击性能，但拉伸性能下降；添加5％增容改性树脂有助于改善玻纤增强PPE／PA6材料的力学性能。

The structure and properties of PPE/PA6 blends were studied. The different proportion of PPE/PA6 blends were compared with the compatible modified resin and the elastomer. The results indicated that the compatible modified resin can make the PPE resin particles evenly and improve the toughness and rigidity of the PPE/PA6 blends. The elastomer can improve the impact strength of PPE/PA6 blends,but reduce the tensile property. The 5%compatible modified resin addition was helpful to improve the performance of the glass fiber reinforced PPE/PA6 blends.

玻璃纤维（GF）增强苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料（SAN）复合材料采用熔体浸渍工艺制备，研究了不同增容剂对GF增强SAN复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，添加增容剂的GF增强SAN复合材料的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度均有提高，加入增容剂苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（SAG）时，复合材料的综合性能最优，其缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为23.09 kJ／m^2，103.48 MPa，174.92 MPa；复合材料的储能模量最大，损耗因子峰值最小。加入SAG的GF增强SAN复合材料的相容性比加入苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐（SMA）的复合材料的好。扫描电子显微镜分析表明，GF增强SAN复合材料中的GF没有被拔出，且表面包覆一层基体树脂。

Glass fiber(GF) reinforced styrene-acrylonitrile plastic(SAN) composites were prepared by using self-designed impregnation device. Effects of compatibilizers on properties of GF reinforced SAN composites were studied. The results demonstrate that notched Izod impact strength,tensile strength and flexural strength of the composites with compatibilizer are higher than the composites without compatibilizer. When the compatibilizer is SAG,the properties of the composites are best,the notched Izod impact strength,tensile strength and flexural strength of the composites are 23.09 kJ/m2,103.48 MPa,174.92 MPa. The storage modulus of the composites with SAG is greatest,the loss factor peak value of the composites with SAG is minimum,which indicates the compatibility of the composites with SAG is better than the compatibility of the composites with SMA. SEM results demonstrate that GF of the composites aren’t pulled out,what’s more,GF are coated by the matrix resins.