中牟县是我国主要的大蒜产区之一，对中牟大蒜近年来的生产现状及存在问题进行分析后，提出了中牟县发展大蒜生产应采取的相应对策和措施，包括理性扩大大蒜种植面积、加强蒜农技术培训、提高大蒜机械化生产水平、加强大蒜产销信息监测、加强大蒜深加工等。

Zhongmou county is a major production base of Allium sativum L. in Henan province. The paper analyzed the status and existing problems of garlic production in Zhongmou county, and then put forward the corresponding countermeasures, such as expanding the planting area of garlic reasonably, increasing the technical training of garlic farmers, improving mechanization level of garlic production, strengthening the information monitoring of garlic production and marketing and strengthening the intensive processing of garlic.

为了解大棚基质栽培的大蒜在单、套作条件下生长及产量的差异,设置番茄单作、番茄/大蒜套作、大蒜单作3个处理,测定大蒜生长量、产量及基质理化性质。结果表明:与番茄套作的大蒜形态指标显著低于单作大蒜;套作显著降低了大蒜的鳞茎质量和总产量,同时显著提高了独头率和独头蒜产量。番茄/大蒜套作土地当量比高达1.56,具有明显的套作优势。在及时摘除番茄老叶、精细管理的栽培措施下,套作大蒜独头率高达58.1%。大蒜单、套作基质的氮、磷、钾含量均较高,蔗糖酶和脲酶活性、细菌和放线菌数量也无显著差异,套作大蒜生长的限制条件是光照。

In order to understand the differences in garlic(Allium sativum L.) growth and yield in substrate plastic tunnel between under single and intercropping conditions,the paper set up 3 cultivation treatments of tomato monoculture,tomato/garlic intercropping and garlic monoculture to test garlic mass growth,yield,and substrate physicochemical properties.The results indicated that the morphological index of intercropped garlic bulb was significantly lower than that of garlic monoculture, but the ratio and yield of single-clove bulb was significantly increased.The land equivalent ratio of tomato/garlic intercropping was high as 1.56 with obvious advantages.The single-clove bulb ratio of intercropped garlic was 58.1%. Available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents were high both in monoculture and intercropping substrate.There were no significant differences observed in sucrase, urease activity,bacteria and actinomycetes number.The major limitation for intercropped garlic growth was lig

近几年,大蒜因其独特的功效越来越受到人们的青睐,但我国大蒜播种仍是传统的人工播种,严重阻碍了大蒜种植面积的规模化生产。我国研究大蒜播种机已有近40年,但截至目前尚无大规模推广应用的机型,主要原因是过去纯机械的结构设计不能解决大蒜种子入土的正立问题。随着机器人技术的发展,其效率、准确性和可控性高的优点在工业领域中日渐被瞩目。为此,将机器人技术应用于大蒜播种机,实现大蒜播种的自动化作业,从而能准确地控制大蒜播种的株距、行距、播深等重要农艺参数,并且还能对播种面积、作业时环境的温湿度进行统计和测量,为农艺专家提供更准确、高效的基础数据。该设计能保证大蒜种子鳞芽朝上,并且种植深度一致、株距行距均匀,保证了大蒜的发芽率、蒜形和产量,实现了大蒜播种的自动化,对提高劳动生产率、降低劳动强度、增加农民收入具有重要意义。

In recent years , people love garlic increasingly because of its unique effect , but in China garlic planting is still the traditional artificial seeding , seriously hindered the garlic planted area of large-scale production .The garlic seed drill for nearly 40 years in our country , but until now there is no large-scale popularization and application of models . The main reason is that the structural design of purely mechanical garlic seeds buried did not solve the problem of the up -right in the past .With the development of robot technology , its efficiency , accuracy , and the advantage of high controlla-bility in the industrial field is increasing attention .In the thesis , robot technology is applied to garlic seeder;realize the automation of garlic planting .It can accurately control the garlic planting spacing , line spacing , sowing depth and other important agronomic parameters , and also on the acreage , operation environment temperature and humidity statistics and measureme

为有效利用大蒜资源,从大蒜残渣中提取大蒜渣多糖,采用超高压提取方法,以多糖得率为指标,从超高压压力、超高压加压时间、固液比(g/mL)3个方面对大蒜渣多糖的提取工艺条件进行正交实验优化。结果表明:超高压提取大蒜渣多糖的最佳工艺条件为压力400MPa,时间4.5min,固液比1∶16。在此提取条件下,大蒜渣多糖得率达到14.18%,因此,超高压提取方法是大蒜渣多糖提取的有效方法。

In order to make use of garlic,the polysaccharides are extracted from garlic residues.Using the yield of polysaccharides as index, optimize the extraction conditions by ultra-high pressure (UHP).The effects of UHP pressure,UHP time and the ratio of solid to liquid are analyzed by orthogonal test.The results show that the optimum extraction conditions are as follows:UHP pres-sure of 400 MPa,UHP time of 4.5 min,ratio of solid to liquid of 1∶16 (g/mL).Under such condi-tions,the yield of polysaccharides is 14.18%.So UHP extraction process is a better method for extracting polysaccharides from garlic residues.

为了开发大蒜的生物防治应用,以大蒜为材料,使用不同培养基分离大蒜内生菌,研究大蒜内生菌代谢产物的抑菌效果。结果表明:从广西产大蒜中分离出28株内生菌,其中5株内生细菌的代谢产物对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)具有较好的抑菌效果,其形态与生理生化特点均不同。

In order to utilize the garlic in bio-control ,taking garlic as materials ,endopyhtes were isolated using different culture mediums ,and the bacteriostatic effect of the metabolites of the garlic endophytes were studied . The results showed that 28 strains of endophytes were obtained from garlic which produced in Guangxi autono-mous region .Five strains of endophytic bacteria had better bacteriostatic effect on the Fusarium oxysporum , and they had different characteristics in morphology ,physiology and biochemistry .