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双语推荐：太虚

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宋明理学的创生和发展是在与经学的具体互动中实现的;具体到张载来看,"太虚"的概念虽然在宋朝之前更为道家和道教所盛言,但是张载利用《易》之"幽明"与"形"、"象"诸说,最终将其内化为儒家体系中的一个重要概念,并成为驳斥佛老理论的重要依据。本文从确定"太虚"的意涵入手,进而具体分析张载对于《易》的利用与其发明"太虚"气本的关系,并以此为理学与经学之互动备作一解。
The creation and development of the Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties were realized both in the concrete interaction with the study of Confucian classics.As far as Zhang Zai is concerned, althouge Taixu was talked more by Taoist school and Taoism before his time, yet it is because of his utilizing Zhouyi to make the new interpretation of “You Ming”, “Xing” and “Xiang” that finally interna lized Taixu as an important concept in the Confucian system and finally became an important basis to refute Buddhism and Taoism. This paper starts with making sure the exact meaning of Taixu, and then specially analyzes the relationship between Zhang Zai’ s utilizing Zhouyi and his creating the theory of Taixu, which also can be seen as a case for interpretation the relationship between study of Confucian classics and Neo-Confucianism.

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张载哲学本体论是20世纪中国哲学史的一个研究热点。张岱年和牟宗三分别代表了其中的两种研究范式:在张载哲学本体的判定上,由于对"太虚即气"的不同理解,张岱年认为是"以气为本",牟宗三主张"太虚为本";在张载哲学在宋明理学中的定位上,基于各自的"三系说"系统,张岱年认为张载属于宋明理学"理"、"气"、"心"三系中的"气本论",牟宗三则视之为"性"、"心"、"理"三系之"性体"系的渊源;在哲学体系建构上,张岱年体现了"接着"张载、王夫之气学讲的哲学自觉,建构了唯物的新气学体系,牟宗三由"太虚神体"的心性化取向,着意于道德的形上学体系。
Chang Tsai''s ontology is a hot research topic of Chinese philosophy in the 20th century. Zhang Dainian and Mou Zongsan represent two kinds of research paradigms respectively:in the j udg-ment of Chang Tsai''s philosophical ontology,Zhang Dainian thought Qi is ontology and Mou Zongsan thought Supreme Void is ontology because of the different comprehension of the proposition of “Su-preme Void is namely Qi.”On the positioning of Chang Tsai''s philosophy in the Song Ming Neo-confucianism,Zhang Dainian thought Chang Tsai''s philosophy belongs to the theory of Qi,while Mou Zongsan thought it belongs to the theory of Xing Ti based on different understanding on the three kinds of system of Neo-confucianism.On the philosophical system construction,Zhang Dainian em-bodies the philosophical consciousness that inherits Chang Tsai and Wang Fuzhi''s philosophy and con-structs the materialistic learning system.However,Mou Zongsan constructs moral metaphysics sys-tem with the mental orientation.

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学僧的文学创作及其所呈现的入世转向，离不开“人间佛教”的深刻影响。太虚大师倡导的“人间佛教”是中国近代以来佛教思潮的重要组成部分，标志着现代佛教革新方向的确立，进一步推动了佛教的“社会化”与“世俗化”。五四前后，僧界涌现出特殊的学僧群体，他们基本上是太虚思想的支持者和拥护者。深受“人间佛教”思想影响的他们，在文学创作上自觉追求对现实生活的深切关注，面对国家的被侵略，不忘爱国情怀的抒发。更为突出的是，他们敢于直面佛门内部的新旧冲突，尝试运用小说的形式描述年轻主人公的悲惨遭遇，感伤的情绪尤其浓郁，它是学僧作家自身困境的真实表现。僧俗之间的隔膜、冲突等不和谐的一面，他们也予以表现。学僧用写实的笔法关切现实生活，具有先锋意识和入世情怀。
Showing the attention to the mundane,the literary creation of Learning Monk has been inseparable from the profound impact of"Humanistic Buddhism".As an important part of Buddhist thought in modern China,Humanistic Buddhism advocated by Taixu has been marked the establish-ment of modern Buddhism,and further has promoted Buddhist socialization and secularization.Before and after May Fourth Movement,the special group named learning monk have sprung up in the Bud-dhist community,which are the supporters of Taixu Thought.They have consciously pursued the at-tention to the real life among the literary works.Facing the country invaded,they have expressed their patriotic feelings.Above all they have bravely faced Buddhist internal conflict and described the tragedy of young monk,so these novelettes have contained the strong sentimental mood that has been the true performance of these writers''own predicament.The disharmony including the diaphragm and the collision between Religious a

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太虚法师创办的《觉群周报》及其提倡的“问政而不干治”代表了民国时期僧人论政的高度，也从一个侧面反映了民国出版自由的历史状况。在“问政而不干治”的编辑思想指导下，民国佛教期刊发表了不少政治性言论，评说当时的国内国际时事，也为中国发展建言献策。但是其作用是有限的，也受到自身条件的制约。
“JueQun Weekly”which was established by Master Tai Xu advocated“comment on policy but not enter politics”represented the high degree of Buddhist journals of the Republic of China.It represented the state of affairs of the Republic of China in Free Pressing as well.Under the editorial thought,Buddhist journals of the Republic of China published several pieces of political speech.They advised for China’s development aimed at current affairs.But it was restricted by its self-condition, so the effect of which was limited.

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《释迦牟尼佛传》是星云大师影响最为深远的一部文学作品，是星云大师以虔诚的佛教徒的身份写作的佛传，这部作品承载了佛陀的基本理念，更承载了作者星云本人的基本理念。其写作思维和世俗作家、世俗学者迥然不同。其写作目的、写作策略受制于佛陀本人的历史、星云所处的时代背景和星云本人的宗教革新思想，其对人间的思考亦展示了太虚大师以来尤其是星云本人倡导的人生佛教（或曰人间佛教）理念。相应地，作者也选择了叙事与说理相结合的叙事策略，在人间情义与佛教道理之间取得了平衡。星云创作《释迦牟尼佛传》这一行动本身就是一种宗教革命的尝试，《释迦牟尼佛传》也因此见证了一个时代的风云际会。
The literary biography of Buddha The Story of Buddha by Shi Xingyun conveys funda-mental ideas of Buddhism and the author''s ideas about Buddhism.The writing intention and strategies are determined by the history of Buddha,Xingyun''s time and his ideas on Buddhist reformation. Xingyun''s minds present the idea of"humanistic Buddhism",which has been supported by Taixu and Xingyun himself.

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