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双语推荐：实时

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针对标准Linux操作系统实时性不好的问题,提出一种更加注重用户态的实时性且兼容多种流行实时操作系统的实时化方案,即利用Xenomai实时补丁改造标准Linux内核的实时化方案,并基于工控PC机,搭建了基于Xenomai实时补丁的实时Linux系统,并对其实时性进行了测试。测试结果表明,实时化后的操作系统具有良好的用户态、内核态以及定时器中断响应下的实时性,中断处理的最大延迟时间减小到令人满意的几十微秒级数量级,可以用于对实时性要求较高的强实时应用领域。
Owing to the lack of real-time in the standard Linux system,a real-time method based on Xenomai that emphasizes on user-mode real-time and can be compatible with a variety of popular real-time operating system was proposed. Build the real-time Linux sys-tem by using the Xenomai real-time patch on industrial PC and do some real-time testing. The result shows that the real-time Linux sys-tem based on Xenomai has a good user-mode real-time,excellent kernel-mode real-time and response of timer interruption,the worst time of interruption processing delays reduces to a satisfactory magnitude-tens of microseconds,and can be used for high real-time appli-cations.

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本文提出了一种可应用于工业控制网络实时通信的简单并且有效的交换式以太网络通信协议.该协议无需修改任何既存以太网的硬件,并且与TCP/IP层共存,以支持实时通信以及非实时通信.通过与既存的工业控制网络实时通信协议相比较,该实时通信协议具有较好的实时通信性能、能够满足实时通信系统实际应用的实时性要求.
This paper presents a simple and efficient switched Ethernet communication protocol for indus-trial control network real-time communication. The protocol does not need any modifications in the Ethernet hardware and coexists with TCP/IP suites, and then support both real-time traffic and non real-time traffic. Compared to some conventional hard real-time network protocols, the proposed one has better real-time performances and meets the requirements for the practical applications of real-time systems.

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嵌入式控制是在实时事件驱动下物理系统状态转移的执行过程,采用超致密时间(SDT)标签表示事件的实时性,描述一种自然表达时间的实时状态转移语义模型;证明事件实时标签是时间值上的偏序函数,实时事件的状态转移顺序与对应的非实时过程一样;针对状态转移轨迹中的实时约束条件,把非实时过程上的操作扩展到实时过程,得到确定性的操作执行顺序.一个控制横毛织机编织运动的实例表明了语义表达的有效性.
Embedded control is the procedure execution of the physical system state transition driven by the real-time event. It uses super dense time(SDT) label to indicate the real-time nature of the event, and describes a real-time state transition semantic model which naturally expresses time. It is proved that the real-time event tag is a partial order function in time value, and the state transition sequence of real-time events are same as the corresponding non-real-time process. For the real-time constraints on the trajectory of the state transition, the operation on the non-real-time process is extended to the real-time process to obtain the execution order of determinacy operation. An example of controling flat machine weaving movement shows the effectiveness of the semantic expression.

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该文主要介绍将实时操作系统应用于有轨电车轨道模块控制系统,通过实时系统弥补离散控制系统实时性差的问题。采取基于LPC1700的实时多任务操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ进行有轨电车轨道模块的通信控制,从而实现了各个模块通信的实时性。
In this paper, a real-time control system was used to the orbital module control system of the tram''s main track,, through the real-time system we solved the problem of poor real-time in discrete control system.By using the real-time multi-tasking operating system namedμC/OS-Ⅱwhich based on LPC1700,we control the communication of the tram''s track module and implement the real-time communication of the modules.

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电力工业节能减排是国家"十二五"能源发展战略的重要目标,在实时发电调度环节进一步挖掘发电侧节能潜力是南方电网面临的挑战性课题。探讨了区域电网实时节能优化空间,提出以跨省实时交易实现清洁与高能耗能源互补的实时节能优化策略。以实时能耗增量最小化为优化目标建立了线性优化模型,对实时节能优化策略的经济、节能效益进行了测算,揭示了实时节能发电调度的巨大潜力。
Energy-saving in electricity industry is regarded as one of important strategic targets in“Twelfth Five-Year Plan” for ener-gy.CSG is facing an challenging topic of mining potential in real-time dispatching.This paper discussed the real-time generation opti-mization space not been utillized and proposed strategy about high energy-consumption and clean energy replacement with real-time in-ter-province power exchange.A liner optimization model with a target of minimizing real-time energy consumption increment is estab-lished.The assessment of economic benefits and energy-saving profit based on CSG 2012 practical data proved huge potential of real-time energy-saving dispatch.

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为提高数控机床加工精度,设计开发基于CNC底层通信的实时误差补偿功能模块,该模块通过GSK-Link网络通信协议与CNC底层进行数据交互。实时补偿过程为:通过温度采集模块和数据通信模块实时采集机床温度及各坐标轴坐标,误差补偿器计算误差补偿值并将计算结果直接送往CNC实时误差补偿功能模块,以实现机床误差实时补偿。该补偿过程的最大优点是实时补偿器与CNC底层直接通信,而不是目前国际上惯用的先通过PLC再与CNC底层通信的方式,因此实时补偿的速度和效率更高,补偿效果更好。GSK 25i数控系统的实时补偿结果表明,实时误差补偿可有效提高机床精度,最大可提高91.7%。
In order to improve the machining precision of NC machine tool,a real-time error compensation function module was developed based on the bottom communication of CNC system. The error compensation module can exchange data with CNC system through GSK-Link network communication protocol.The machine temperature and the coordinate of each axis can be real-time collected through the temperature acquisition module and the data communications module.The com-pensation values can be calculated through error compensation module and can be delivered to the CNC system through PLC.The real-time error compensation can be realized through the external coordinate offset function.The error compensation results on GSK 25i CNC system shows that the re-al-time error compensation function module can improve the accuracy of machine tools effectively, and the machine tool errors can be reduced by 9 1.7% compared with without compensation.The er-ror compensation module has strong practical values.

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由于在PLC特别是数控领域的控制中,对于实时性的需求较高,基于这样的特性,必须强调控制任务的实时性,从另一个角度讲,对于系统的要求,需在实时域中实现和运行。该文根据数控领域的PLC控制及系统特点,将PLC控制设计作为RT-Linux的实时任务,分析其中的系统结构和实时性,从而保证PLC控制的实时性需求。
Since the PLC particular field of CNC control, the higher the demand for real-time, based on such characteristics, must be emphasized that the real-time control tasks, from another perspective, the system requirements, and the need to achieve real-time domain operation.Based on the field of CNC and PLC control system features, the PLC control design as RT-Linux real-time task, analyze the system architecture and real-time, thus ensuring the PLC control, real-time requirements.

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以未来网络中心战对压制兵器火控系统提出的新需求为根据，结合实时以太网的技术水平现状，阐述了将实时以太网引入压制兵器火控系统中的必要性和可行性，并具体以Powerlink实时以太网为例，验证了该实时以太网能够满足火控系统对信息网络实时性和热插拔功能的需求。
The thesis is based on the new demand of the future network centric warfare on neutralization weapon system. It combines the present situation with the real-time Ethernet to expound the necessity and feasibility to import real time Ethernet to neutralization weapon system. It proves that the real time Ethernet can meet the demand of real time and hot plug for information net with the example of Powerlink.

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分析了 Linux 系统所存在的非实时因素，提出一种基于多核 PC 的 Linux 实时性改造方案。方案从以下几个方面改进 Linux 的实时性：实现满足实时调度要求的高精度定时机制；重新分配系统处理器资源；指定分发系统外部中断以减少中断延迟对实时任务的影响。以内核可加载模块的方式实现此方案，保证了实时模块和原有系统之间的相互独立，同时也便于移植和维护。经过测试表明所提出的方案能够很好地提高 Linux 系统的实时性。
This article analyzes the non‐real‐time presence of Linux system , and proposes a Linux real‐time rehabilitation program based on the multi‐core PC .The program improves the real‐time nature of the Linux through the following aspects .Firstly ,the program achieves high‐precision timing mechanism to meet the requirements of real‐time scheduling ;Secondly ,it reallocates system processor resources ;And finally it distributes system external interrupts to reduce the interrupt latency of real‐time tasks . The program ensures the flexibility and ease of maintenance of the real‐time module through kernel loadable module .The test shows that the proposed program can improve the real‐time performance of the Linux system .

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为了解决在RTX实时环境下使用1553B总线的问题，开发了基于RTX的1553B总线驱动。由于仿真强实时性的要求，1553B总线接口卡要运行在RTX实时环境下，因此需要设计并实现基于RTX实时环境的1553B总线驱动。本文简要介绍了RTX实时子系统和1553B总线。实现了在RTX环境下BC（Bus Control er）实时发送与接收，MT（Monitor Terminal）的实时监测。经应用表明，驱动程序稳定可靠，具有良好的实用价值。
In order to use 1553B bus in the RTX real-time environment,it is proposed to develop 1553B bus driver based on RTX. The simulation of real-time requirements, 1553B bus interface card should be run in the RTX real-time environment, so it is necessary to design and realize the 1553B bus driver based on the RTX real-time environment.. This article briefly describes the RTX real-time subsystem and 1553B bus. It is realized that BC sends and receives , MT monitors in RTX. The application shows that the driver is stable and reliable, and has good practical value.

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