实验绘制了系列十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)+正丁醇+正己烷+水(或CaCl2水溶液)拟三元体系相图。分别研究了正丁醇的添加比例和CaCl2水溶液的浓度对微乳区域的影响,发现随着正丁醇的相对比例逐渐增大,拟三元体系中微乳区的面积逐渐减小,表明过多增加正丁醇的量不利于微乳相的形成;发现总体上随着CaCl2水溶液摩尔浓度的增加,拟三元体系中微乳区的面积逐渐减小,表明强电解质的加入对微乳相影响较大,较高浓度的CaCl2会使部分CTAB失去表面活性而难以形成微乳液,导致微乳相区域逐渐减小。实验测定了电导率随水(或CaCl2水溶液)含量变化的规律,依据电解质理论探讨了微乳液的微观结构,并通过选择一定R0值的CaCl2微乳液与等摩尔的碳酸钠水溶液反应制备了球形纳米碳酸钙粒子。

A series of quasi ternary phase diagram of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide( CTAB)+n-butanol+n-hexane+water ( brine) system have been drawn based on experiments. We investigated the influence of cosurfactant n-butanol with different addition and CaCl2 solution with different molar concentration on the microemulsion region respectively. We found that the area of microemulsion region in the ternary system gradually decreased with the relative proportions of cosurfactant n-butanol increase,these results shown that they are not conducive to the formation of microemulsion phase when the amount of n-butanol in relatively high levels;We found that the area of microemulsion region in the ternary system decreased with the increase of the molar concentration of calcium chloride, these results shown that strong electrolytes has an important effect on the microemulsion phase, higher concentration of CaCl2 will make part of CTAB lose surface activity and will make the system difficult to form m

目的：分别构筑以乙酸异戊酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、葵花籽油和蓖麻油为连续相的包载维生素C（Vit C）微乳液，并研究其红外光谱（IR）性质。方法采取水稀释法构筑三元相图，研究非离子表面活性剂油烯基聚氧乙烯（10）醚（Brij97）水溶液在乙酸异戊酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、葵花籽油、蓖麻油4种不同油相中的相行为；以Brij97、不同油相与Vit C形成反相微乳液，根据Vit C增溶前后IR图谱变化，并通过对羟基伸缩振动峰进行高斯曲线拟合，分析体系微环境的变化。结果 Brij 97分别在4个不同结构的油相体系中形成了反相微乳液。IR光谱分析表明，Vit C增溶后O-H伸缩振动峰在高频区增加了第4个高斯峰，在葵花籽油和蓖麻油体系中，4号新峰的位置随体系油含量的降低，向低频区位移；而在乙酸异戊酯和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯体系中，随体系油含量变化无规律波动。结论乙酸异戊酯和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯为连续相的微乳液形成效率高于葵花籽油和蓖麻油体系；IR分析表明Vit C被完全增溶于反相微乳液的亲水内核中；高斯分峰拟合表明Vit C的引入导致体系微环境增加了一种结合水。

Objective To construct Vitamin C (Vit C) encapsulated microemulsions by employing isoamyl acetate, isopropyl myristate, sunflower oil or castor oil as the continuous phase and analyze their infrared spectral (IR) properties. Methods The ternary phase diagrams were constructed by water-dilution method to determine the phase behaviors of aqueous solution of nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene (10) oleyl ether (Brij97) in isoamyl acetate, isopropyl myristate, sunflower oil and castor oil;the reverse emulsions were formed with Brij97, oil phase and Vit C, and the structural difference of the microemulsion systems with or without Vit C was investigated through FT-IR;the O-H stretching vibration peak and micro-environment of each microemulsion system were analyzed using Gaussian curve fitting method. Results Reverse microemulsions have been formed with Brij97 aqueous solution in four oils respectively. FT-IR measurements and analyses indicated after solubilization of Vit C, the fou

针对川西盆地富硼钾溴地下卤水组成,采用等温溶解平衡法研究了三元体系NaBr-Na2SO4-H2O和NaBr-KBr-H2O在373 K时的相平衡,测定了373 K条件下平衡溶液的溶解度和密度,根据实验数据绘制相应的相图和密度图。研究发现:两个三元体系在373 K条件下均属于简单共饱和型,无复盐及固溶体生成。相图中均有一个共饱和点,2个平衡固相结晶区和2条单变量曲线。在三元体系NaBr-Na2SO4-H2O中,平衡固相分别为:NaBr和Na2SO4,三元体系NaBr-KBr-H2O相应的平衡固相分别为:NaBr和KBr。并简单讨论了密度的变化规律。

Phase equilibria of two ternary systems NaBr-Na2SO4-H2O and NaBr-KBr-H2O at 373 K were studied by an isothermal solution saturation method. The solubility and density of these systems were determined experimentally and related phase diagrams were obtained. The results show that the two systems are both of simple type with no complex salts or solid solutions formed. Both of the phase diagrams show that they have one eutectic point, two univariant curves and two regions of crystallization. The solid phase in NaBr-Na2SO4-H2O is cpmposited of sodium bromide(NaBr) and sodium sulfate(Na2SO4), while sodium bromide(NaBr) and potassium bromide(KBr) are the components of the solid phase of NaBr-KBr-H2O. Density change of the two systems was discussed.

用等温溶解平衡法研究三元体系LiBO2–Li2CO3–H2,O在288.15,K时稳定相平衡及其溶液物化性质(密度、折光率和 pH)，绘制该三元体系的稳定相图和平衡溶液物化性质–组成图．研究结果表明：该三元体系有一个共饱点(LiBO2·8H2,O＋Li2CO3)、两条单变量溶解度曲线和两个单盐结晶区，两个结晶区分别对应为 LiBO2·8H2O 和 Li2CO3，其中 Li2CO3结晶区大而 LiBO2·8H2O 结晶区较小．该体系属水合物I型，既没有发生脱水现象，也没有复盐和固溶体产生．采用经验公式计算该体系平衡溶液的密度和折光率，计算值与实验值吻合较好．

The solubilities and physicochemical properties(density,pH value,and refractive index)of the ternary system LiBO2-Li2CO3-H2O at 288.15,K were investigated with the method of isothermal dissolution equilibrium. According to the experimental results of the ternary system,the stable phase diagram and the diagrams of physicochemical properties versus composition were plotted. In the phase diagrams of the ternary system,there was one eutectic point corresponding to lithium metaborate octahydrate and lithium carbonate(LiBO2·8H2O+Li2CO3),two isotherm dissolution curves,and two crystalliza-tion regions corresponding to LiBO2·8H2O and Li2CO3,respectively. This system belongs to hydrate type I,and neither de-hydration phenomenon nor double salts and solid solutions were found. The calculated values of density and refractive index using empirical equations of the ternary system are in good agreement with the experimental values. .

研究了0℃,10℃,60℃时Na Cl-NH4Cl-H2O三元水盐体系的固液相平衡关系,测出了Na Cl和NH4Cl在水中的溶解度数据,并绘制了相图。运用该三元相图理论,采用结晶法从缩合工段母液废水中回收Na Cl和NH4Cl。讨论了回收过程原理,介绍了回收工艺的操作步骤和工艺参数。回收的Na Cl纯度达到95%,总回收率大于77%,NH4Cl纯度达到92%以上,总回收率大于40%,产品分别达到HG/T 5462—2003,GB/T 2946—2008的标准。

By means of isothermal method, solid-liquid phase equal relationship of ternary water-salt system of NaCl-NH4Cl-H2O is studied at 0 ℃, 10 ℃ and 60 ℃, the solubility data of NaCl and NH4Cl in water are obtained and phase diagram is drawn. Using the ternary phase diagrams theory, NaCl and NH4 Cl are recovered from the condensation mother waste by a crystallization method. This paper discusses the principle of the recycling process and introduces recycling tech-nological process and feature parameters. The purity of NaCl recycled can reach 95%, total recovery rate more than 77%, the purity of NH4 Cl above 92%, total recovery rate more than 40% and products can reach standard of HG/T 5462—2003 and GB/T 2946—2008 respectively.