对检测河豚毒素的主要方法包括生物检测方法、理化检测方法、免疫学方法、传感器方法进行了介绍,并对目前检测方法的优缺点进行比较分析。小鼠测定法是河豚毒素检测的标准方法;理化检测法方法准确,但是对设备要求高,前处理严格;免疫学方法费用较高;传感器方法是新方法,还有待进一步规范。各种检测方法都有其优缺点,河豚毒素检测时应根据要求选择方法。

The main detection methods of Tetrodotoxin was expounded and compared, including biological detection method, the physical and chemical detection method, immunology method, sensor method. Using the mouse to test the TTX was the standard method, the physical and chemical test method was accurate, but the equipment requirement was high, and the pre-treat-ment was strict. The immunological methods cost highly. The sensor method was a new method, need further improved. All kinds of detection method had their advantages and disadvantages, the detection method should be selected according to the requirement.

目的：为了在微生物研究过程乃至日常检测工作中，将国际标准的要求融入到每个检测过程中，根据NordVal对申请为标准的微生物学定性分析方法的验证程序进行了整理和总结。方法定性方法验证包括两个方面：比较研究和协同研究。方法验证负责人应首先根据要求制定方法确认的技术方案，先进行试验内比较研究实验，然后，由协作实验室用相同的样品进行实验室间协同实验。采用待确认的方法与基准方法进行比较研究的方式，对方法的性能指标进行确认。结果定性分析方法验证程序的性能指标主要包括：灵敏度、特异性、相对精度、相对检测水平、方法的一致性。待确认方法与基准方法比较时，定性方法应达到以下性能指标：灵敏度≥95%；特异性≥95%；替代方法的检测限应与基准方法的检测限一致；方法的一致性值>0.8。结论本文将为标准方法的制修订、实验室方法的确认提供规范的依据。

ABSTRACT:ObjectiveIn order to apply the international standards to each detection process in microbiological research process and daily inspection work, the NordVal analysis method to apply for the standard microbiology qualitative validation procedures were collated and summarized. Methods The qualitative method validation of NordVal included two aspects: the comparative study and collaborative study. The technical scheme of the method validation responsible person should first make the method validation, test in comparative experiments, then, by collaborating laboratories with the same samples for laboratory collaborative experiment. The performance index of the confirmation method were confirmed by the comparison of the method to be confirmed and the baseline methodology.Results The performance index about validation of qualitative method included: procedures sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, the relative level of detection and the relative consistency of the method. Com

质的研究方法是一种典型的多元方法，给社会学研究领域带来了新的思维方式。在说明什么是质的研究方法的基础上，对比分析定性研究方法与质的研究方法的特点，阐明质的研究方法对人才学研究的价值及应用，进而说明质的研究方法与定性研究方法在人才学研究中虽不可替代，却能够相辅相成，相得益彰。

Thequalitativeresearchmethod,atypicaldiversifiedapproach,hasbroughtnew waysofthink-ingintosociologicalsciences.Thispaperexplainswhatisqualitativeresearch method (QRM),analyzing thedifferencesbetweenitandthetheoryanalysisresearch method (TARM).Itproceedstoclarifyitsval-ueandapplicationintothetheoryontalent.Itholdsthatthetwo methods,thoughunabletoreplaceone withtheother,cancomplementeachotherintalentresearches.

传统的概念是说“立场观点方法”，立场被认为是最重要的，观念次之，方法更次之。但就科学研究而言，不是从立场出发的。在观念与方法之中，方法更重要。在哲学里，方法论具有更重要的地位。辩证法与立场无关，它研究的就是方法。人的智慧首先表现为思想方法，并以此影响工作方法、管理方法、实验方法等众多方面。

The traditional concept is ＂standpoint, viewpoint and methodology＂, of which ＂standpoint＂ is considered to be the most important one, ＂concept＂ ranking the second and ＂ methodology＂ ranking the last. But as far scientific research, ＂standpoint＂ is not so important. From the perspective of concepts and method, methodology is more important. In philosophy, methodology has a more important position. Researching on methods, dialectics has nothing to do with standpoint. The wisdom of the people is fo- cused firstly on thinking methods, which influences their works, managements, experi- ments and other methods.

这里系统、全面的给出了能力需求领域知识复用方法。首先简要介绍基于能力概念框架的需求获取方法，然后定义了领域知识复用的层次，提出领域知识复用的方法，并提出一种综合语义相似度计算方法，以提高本体映射的通用性、适应性和相似度计算方法的全面性，设计了基于该方法的本体映射和本体合并方法。该方法是“基于能力概念框架的需求获取、分析方法”的重要组成部分，为提高需求获取质量提供重要的理论和方法上的支撑。

A method of knowledge reuse in the field of capacity requirement is described comprehensively in this paper. The method of requirements elicitation based on competence concept framework is introduced. The levels of domain knowledge reuse are defined. The method of domain knowledge reuse is proposed. An algorithm of integrated semantic similarity is pro?posed to improve the generality and adaptability of the ontology mapping,and the comprehensiveness of the Similarity algorithm. A method of ontology mapping and ontology merging based on this method is designed. As an important part of the method of ob?taining and analyzing the requirements based on competence concept framework , this method provided a theoretic and methodological basis for the quality improvement of requirements elicitation.